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Edie > science ecology word list > Flashcards

science ecology word list Flashcards

1
Q

What is abiotic?

A

The non-living components of an ecosystem, e.g. air, water, soil.

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2
Q

What is allelopathy?

A

A relationship where one organism produces chemicals that influence the growth, survival and reproduction of other organisms.

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3
Q

What does behavioural adaptation refer to?

A

An action that an organism carries out that enables it to better survive in its environment, e.g. basking in the sun.

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4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of all life forms on Earth.

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5
Q

What is biological control?

A

The reduction of a pest population by the introduction of another organism.

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6
Q

What is biomass?

A

The total mass of all organisms in a given population.

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7
Q

What is biotic?

A

The living components of an ecosystem, e.g. plants, animals and fungi.

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8
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The sum of all the ecosystems on Earth.

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9
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An animal whose diet consists primarily of other animals.

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10
Q

What is cloning?

A

The process of producing cells or organisms that are genetically identical to the parent.

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11
Q

What is commensalism?

A

A relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not affected.

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12
Q

What is a community?

A

A group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area.

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13
Q

What is a consumer?

A

An organism that consumes food created by other organisms.

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14
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

Organisms that obtain energy by breaking down dead or decaying organisms.

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15
Q

What is ecology?

A

The scientific study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment.

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16
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

17
Q

What is an environment?

A

The surroundings in which an organism lives.

18
Q

What is feral?

A

An organism or species which was once domesticated that is now surviving in the wild.

19
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The natural home or environment of an organism.

20
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An animal whose diet consists primarily of plant matter.

21
Q

What is an introduced species?

A

A non-indigenous species which is living outside its native area.

22
Q

What is mutualism?

A

A relationship in which both species benefit.

23
Q

What is a niche?

A

All of a species’ interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment.

24
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An animal whose diet regularly consists of both animal and plant matter.

25
Q

What is parasitism?

A

A relationship that benefits one species (parasite) and harms the other (host).

26
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A series of chemical reactions involving the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

27
Q

What does physiological adaptation mean?

A

A process occurring within an organism that enables it to better survive in its environment, e.g. sweating.

28
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time.

29
Q

What is a predator?

A

An organism that kills another organism for food.

30
Q

What is prey?

A

An organism that is attacked and eaten by a predator.

31
Q

What is a producer?

A

An organism that creates its own food from photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

32
Q

What is respiration?

A

A series of chemical reactions involving the conversion of glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and energy.

33
Q

What is selection pressure?

A

External factors which affect an organism’s ability to survive in a given environment.

34
Q

What is a species?

A

A distinct group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.

35
Q

What is structural adaptation?

A

A physical feature of an organism that enable it to better survive in its environment, e.g. fur or feathers.

36
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

Any close and prolonged interaction between individuals of two different species.

Edie (5 decks)

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