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Science-Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

Ecology is the study of plants, animals and their environment, and the relationship between them

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2
Q

Environment

A

The environment is everything that surrounds an animal or plant(for example air, water, rocks and soil)

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3
Q

Habitat

A

The habitat is the best place where a plant or animal lives

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4
Q

Community

A

Each habit has its own community of organisms. Community is all the different populations that live in the habitat. E.g hedgehogs, snails, foxes and primroses the Woodland habitat

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5
Q

Interpendence

A

Interdependence is how organisms depend on each other for their survival. E.g Buttercups depends on bees(for food),bees need buttercups(for pollination)!

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the plants and the animals in an area interacting with each other and their environment. E.g. desert, tropical rainforest, grasslands, seashore

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7
Q

Biome

A

An ecosystem that extends over a very large area is called a biome. E.g. rainforest

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8
Q

Biosphere

A

All of the Earth’s ecosystem together form one large ecosystem known as the biosphere

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9
Q

Producer

A

Plants that make their own food e.g. grass, dandelion, nettles

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10
Q

Consumer

A

Animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals e.g

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11
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that eats plants only e.g. rabbit, sheep, slug, snail

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12
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals only e.g. dox, hawk, ladybird

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13
Q

Omnivore

A

An animal that eats both plants, and animals e.g. badger, thrush, blackbird, humans

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14
Q

Food chain

A

A food chain shows how one organism eats another and so on

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15
Q

Food chains

A

Food chains must start with green plants because they are the only things that can make food

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16
Q

Feeding level

A

The position of an organism in the food chain is called its feeding level
The first feeding level is always grown on a green plant
The amount of energy gets less and less as you go along food chain

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17
Q

A food web

A

A food web is two or more interconnected food chains

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18
Q

Competition

A

Competition occurs when two or more organisms seek a resource that is limited. Plants compete for light, water, minerals and space. Animals compete for food and shelter

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19
Q

Adaptations

A

They are features that give an organism a better chance of surviving in their habitat

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20
Q

The Dandelion Adaptation

A

The Dandelion has a long root which means it reaches below the short roof of grass to get water
Dandelions are able to complete for space because they are able to spread their seeds in the wind

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21
Q

Hedgehogs Adaptation

A

Hedgehogs have an excellent sense of smell to make them good at finding food.
Hedgehogs have spikes to fight off predators.
Hedgehogs have a colour which makes them camouflage so predators can’t find them easily

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22
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Abiotic factors are non living e,g. weather (temperature, light intensity, rainfall, wind), soil and type of landscape

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23
Q

Biotic factors

A

They are living E.g. competition, predation, symbolisis

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24
Q

Predation

A

Controls the number of organisms in an ecosystem E.g. ladybirds eat aphids, lions eat zebra

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25
Q

Ecology

A

Ecology The study of how living things interact with their environment and each other.

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26
Q

Habitat

A

Habitat The place where an organism lives and to which it is best adapted.

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27
Q

Population

A

Population All of the individual organisms of the same species in a habitat

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28
Q

Community

A

Community All of the different populations that live in a habitat.

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29
Q

Ecosystem

A

Ecosystem A group of organisms interacting with each other and their environment.

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30
Q

Balance of nature

A

Balance of nature Over time, the number and types of species in an ecosystem reach a steady state known as the balance of nature.

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31
Q

Biome

A

Biome An ecosystem that extends over a very large area.

32
Q

Biosphere

A

Biosphere The part of Earth that can support life, made up of the crust and the atmosphere.

33
Q

Conservation

A

Is the protection, preservation and careful

34
Q

Pollution

A

Is adding unwanted wastes to the environment causing damage to it. If a poisonous waste builds up it may kill a certain plant or animal

35
Q

Air pollution

A

Caused by smoke, dust and harmful gases most of these come from cars, buses, factories and power stations

36
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

When fossil fuels are burned they produce gases called carbon dioxide and suffer dioxide

37
Q

Soil pollution

A

Caused by Pesticides, Artificial fertilisers and Acid Rain

38
Q

Water pollution

A

Rivers, Lakers and Seas are polluted by fertilisers, sewage, oil and Detergents. Fertilisers seep into the river and cause too much plant growth, bacteria populations boom as they feed on dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish

39
Q

Incineration

A

Burning the waste, this can release dangerous gases into the atmosphere, difficulties with location nobody wants to live near an incinerator

40
Q

Landfill

A

Burying the waste in ground damages soil,rivers and ground water, attracts rodents, disease causing , bad smell, difficulties as nobody wants to live near landfill sites

41
Q

Redus

A

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle to male sure that we do not damage our environment and that future generations will have a nice place to live

42
Q

Reduce

A

Use your own bag, do not pick the items with extra packaging (use

43
Q

Recycling

A

Paper glass, some metals and plastics can be processed and reused
This reduces damage to the environment

44
Q

Leaf

A

Makes food for the plant(photosynthesis)

Cools the plant when water vapour passes through it

45
Q

Fruit

A

Protects seeds

Provides food for seeds

46
Q

The bid

A

Allows new leaves and flowers to grow

47
Q

Stem

A

The stem allows the transport of food, water and minerals around the plant.

48
Q

Roots

A

Anchor and support
Take in water and nutrients
Store food (e.g carrots and turnips)

49
Q

Transport in plants

A

There are vessels in a plant, the xylem and the phloem.

50
Q

Xylem

A

Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem

51
Q

Phloem

A

Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem

52
Q

Transpiration

A

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves.

53
Q

Stomata

A

The stomata are little holes on the underside of the leaves

54
Q

Transpiration stream

A

The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves is called the transpiration stream

55
Q

Stimulus

A

Is anything that causes a response in an organism

56
Q

Plants

A

Plants respond to the stimuli of Light and Gravity

57
Q

Shoots tropism

A

Shoots/stems are positively phototrophic, negatively geotropic

58
Q

Roots tropism

A

Roots are negatively phototrophic, positively geotropic

59
Q

Why’s geotropism good?

A

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil
Having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

60
Q

Why’s photropism good?

A

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food

61
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Is the process where green plants make food using light energy

62
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

The flower is the sexual reproduction organ of the plant

63
Q

Sepal

A

Protects the flowers before it blooms

64
Q

Petals

A

Coloured and scented to attract insects

65
Q

Male parts

A

Stamen made up of filament and anther

66
Q

Filament

A

Holds up another

67
Q

Anther

A

Makes pollen

68
Q

Female parts

A

Carpel, made up of stigma, style and ovary

69
Q

Ovary

A

Makes the egg or ovary (gamete)

70
Q

Stigma

A

Pollen lands and sticks to it

71
Q

Style

A

Makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)

72
Q

Zygote

A

When the male nucleus and female nucleus fuse they form the zygote

73
Q

Plumule

A

The plumule will be come the plant shoot

74
Q

Food chain

A

A food chain shows how one organism eats another and so on

75
Q

Food chains

A

Food chains must start with green plants because they are the only things that can make food

76
Q

Feeding level

A

The position of an organism in the food chain is called its feeding level
The first feeding level is always grown on a green plant
The amount of energy gets less and less as you go along food chain

77
Q

A food web

A

A food web is two or more interconnected food chains

Science (3 decks)

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