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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ovary

A

Ovaries store and release eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

The Fallopian tubes carry the egg to the uterus,fertilisation occurs here

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3
Q

Uterus

A

The uterus (womb) is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

The Cervix leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

The Vagina holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28days

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7
Q

Menstruation

A

At the same time the uterus becomes thicker and rich in blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg another word for menstruation is period

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8
Q

The fertile period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant
Intercourse 2 or 3 days before during or after ovulation could lead to fertilisation because sperm cells can survive for this long

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9
Q

Pause to menstrual Cycle

A

If an egg is fertilised, the menstrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy. The first sign of pregnancy is often that menstruation does not happen

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40s to early 50s

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11
Q

Testes

A

The testes produce sperm

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12
Q

The Scrotum

A

The scrotum is where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than the body temperature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

The epididymis

A

The epididymis is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully.

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14
Q

The vas deferens

A

The vas deferens (sperm duct) brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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15
Q

The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

The seminal vesicles,prostate gland and Cowper’s gland produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim.

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16
Q

Penis

A

The Penis enters the female and ejaculates semen

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17
Q

Puberty

A

Puberty describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop) , it normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

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18
Q

Male puberty

A

Male puberty in males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

19
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)are released the breasts develop, hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body

.The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring

.An egg will be released every mouth until the menopause

20
Q

Fertilisation

A

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it.The nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg.The woman is now pregnant

21
Q

Embryo

A

The fertilised egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus
This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embroyo

22
Q

Zygote >Embryo >Foetus

A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single >Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth
>Embroyo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human
>Foetus

23
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40weeks
As the embroyo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
The fluid provides a cushion for the embroy

24
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube called umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta

25
Q

The placenta

A

The placenta is rich in blood vessels
It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood
Also wastes such as Carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers

26
Q

Birth

A

The Burt of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to connect this is called labour
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts water break and further contractions push the baby out usually head first through the vagina

The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta afterbirth comes out after

27
Q

Lactation

A

The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant
The production of breast milk is called lactation
The first three days of milk is called colostrum very nutritious and helps protect the baby from infection

28
Q

Family planning

A

To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place

Natural methods of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period

29
Q

Artificial methods of contraception

A

Prevent the sperm and egg meeting

An example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina

Another example is the contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation

It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable

30
Q

Genes

A

Genes are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children

31
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

32
Q

Taxonomy

A

Is the science of classifying organisms

33
Q

Classification

A

Is the planning of organisms into groups, based on similar characteristics. This simplifies the study of organisms and allow scientists to communicate with each other. The basic unit of classification is the species.
I

34
Q

Variation

A

The differences in characteristics between members of the same species. Variations can be acquired ( picked up during the life of organism) e.g riding a bicycle or inherited ( genetic - can be passed on to the next generation ) e.g tongue rolling

35
Q

Natural selection

A

Is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce

36
Q

Variation caused by environment

A

(Where and how we live). Our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do, and any hormonal factors affecting our body

37
Q

Variation caused by inheritance

A

The colour of eyes of hair caused by the genes passed from our parents

38
Q

Nature versus nurture

A

These two factors interact with each other. How tall a person grows may be influenced by their diet as well as their diet as well as their genes

39
Q

Natural selection

A

Is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce .

40
Q

Example of natural selection

A

Peppered moth. Lighter moths survive in less polluted areas, darker ones survive in the cities. The genes for light or dark wings are passed on more often depending on where, on where they live.

41
Q

Evolution

A

Natural selection explains how evolution happens. Evolution is the gradual change in the inherited characteristics of a species over time. Evolution can lead to new species

42
Q

Gamete formation

A

Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis ensures genetic variation among gametes

43
Q

Overbreeding

A

More offspring are produced (e.g. a tree produces many seeds ) than the environment can support

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