Science - Earth And Space Flashcards

1
Q

a hot glowing ball of hydrogen and helium

A

Sun

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2
Q

star that provides energy to sustain life on Earth

A

Sun

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3
Q

Sun age

A

4.5 billon years old

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4
Q

center of the solar system

A

Sun

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5
Q

The 4 Activities of the Sun

A

Solar Wind
Prominences
Solar Flares
Sunspots

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6
Q

Elements of Sun and Its Percentage

A

92% Hydrogen and 8% Helium

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7
Q

stream of high-energy particles sent into space

A

Solar wind

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8
Q

causes the light displays auroras (Activity of the Sun)

A

Solar wind

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9
Q

aurora seen from the Northern Hemisphere

A

aurora borealis

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10
Q

aurora seen from the Southern Hemisphere

A

aurora australis

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11
Q

storms in the Sun that look like huge arches; may last several days (Activity of the Sun)

A

Prominences

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12
Q

more intense than prominences; only last about 15 mins (Activity of the Sun)

A

Solar flares

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13
Q

cool black storm areas of the Sun (Activity of the Sun)

A

Sunspots

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14
Q

the layer of the sun that is upper most part of the atmosphere, millions of miles thick

A

Corona

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15
Q

an orange red layer of atmosphere; thousands of miles thick (Layer of the Sun)

A

Chromosphere

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16
Q

the lower atmosphere and what we see (Layer of the Sun)

A

Photosphere

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17
Q

the layer of the Sun where nuclear fusion occurs

A

Core

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18
Q

Layers of the Sun (outermost to innermost)

A

Corona
Chromosphere
Photosphere
Convection Zone
Radiation Zone
Core

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19
Q

smallest and closest planet to the sun, has no atmosphere

A

Mercury

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20
Q

has a core of molten iron, hottest planet in the solar system, rotates slowest among the planets

A

Venus

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21
Q

the only planet in the universe known to harbor life

A

Earth

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22
Q

the Red Planet, covered with iron-rich dust

A

Mars

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23
Q

biggest planet, has the Great Red Spot

A

Jupiter

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24
Q

planet that has prominent rings

A

Saturn

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25
Q

ice giant, orbits on its side unlike other planets

A

Uranus

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26
Q

the windiest planet

A

Neptune

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27
Q

the galaxy that includes our solar system

A

Milky Way

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28
Q

“dirty snowballs”; with tails of dust and gases, forced from the head by solar radiation; tail always points away from the sun

A

Comets

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29
Q

a meteoroid as it burns up in the atmosphere; “shooting star”

A

Meteor

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30
Q

a meteoroid that does not completely burn up

A

Meteorite

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31
Q

Earth’s only natural satellite

A

Moon

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32
Q

collapsed stars that resulted to huge gravitational forces where even light cannot escape

A

Black Holes

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33
Q

massive, remote celestial objects emitting remarkably large amounts of energy

A

Quasars

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34
Q

intermittent radio signals emitted by dying stars

A

Radio Pulsars

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35
Q

“dying stars”

A

neutron stars

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36
Q

it is found between Mars and Jupiter

A

Asteroid Belt

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37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The moon generates life itself.

A

FALSE

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38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The moon is lit up by the Sun.

A

TRUE

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39
Q

Why does the portion of the illuminated moon that we see changes? (Phases of the Moon)

A

Moon orbits the Earth

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40
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is between the Earth and the sunlight. (360°)

A

New Moon

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41
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is 45° below the Earth and the sunlight.

A

Waning Crescent

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42
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is 90° below the Earth and the sunlight.

A

Last Quarter

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43
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is 135° below the Earth and the sunlight.

A

Waning Gibbous

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44
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is behind the Earth and the sunlight. (180°)

A

Full Moon

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45
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is 225° above the Earth and the sunlight.

A

Waxing Gibbous

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46
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is 270° above the Earth and the sunlight.

A

First Quarter

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47
Q

PHASES OF THE MOON. The moon is 315° above the Earth and the sunlight.

A

Waxing Crescent

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48
Q

The regular rise and fall of sea levels

A

Tides

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49
Q

The gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon causes the _______

A

tides

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50
Q

strongest tides

A

Spring tides

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51
Q

the kind of tide when the sun, Earth, and moon are on a straight line

A

Spring tides

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52
Q

the kind of tide when the sun’s and the moon’s gravities add up

A

Spring tides

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53
Q

weakest tides

A

Neap tides

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54
Q

the kind of tide when the sun, Earth, and moon form a right angle

A

Neap tides

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55
Q

the kind of tide when the sun’s and the moon’s gravities cancel out one another

A

Neap tides

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56
Q

North Star

A

Polaris

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57
Q

tip of Little Dipper’s “handle”

A

Polaris

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58
Q

brightest star in the night sky

A

Sirius

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59
Q

“Dog Star”

A

Sirius

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60
Q

closest star to Earth but is too small to be seen in the night sky

A

Proxima Centauri

61
Q

closest star to Earth that is visible in the night sky

A

Alpha Centauri

62
Q

Big Bear; contains the Big Dipper

A

Ursa Major

63
Q

Little Bear; contains the Little Dipper

A

Ursa Minor

64
Q

Big Dog; contains Sirius

A

Canis Major

65
Q

“Little Dog”

A

Canis Minor

66
Q

“The Hunter”

67
Q

“The Winged Horse”

68
Q

Layer of the Earth - from the crust down to the rigid upper mantle

A

Lithosphere

69
Q

Layer of the Earth - the plastic-like upper mantle where rock can easily move

A

Asthenosphere

70
Q

Layers of the Earth (outermost to innermost)

A

Lithosphere - Crust; Mantle
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core

71
Q

Solid or Liquid? Outer Core.

72
Q

Solid or Liquid? Inner Core.

73
Q

lowest layer of the atmosphere, where nearly all weather occurs and clouds appear

A

Troposphere

74
Q

the layer of the atmosphere where ozone layer is located

A

Stratosphere

75
Q

layer of the atmosphere where most meteors burn up

A

Mesosphere

76
Q

the layer of the atmosphere where high-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed

A

Thermosphere

77
Q

series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere (layer of the atmosphere)

A

Ionosphere

78
Q

the “final frontier” of Earth’s gaseous envelope (layer of the atmosphere)

79
Q

weather instrument - air pressure

80
Q

weather instrument - wind speed

A

Anemometer

81
Q

weather instrument - humidity

A

Hygrometer

82
Q

weather instrument - wind direction

83
Q

weather instrument - amount of rainfall

A

Rain Gauge

84
Q

kind of storm - clouds become electrically charged, producing lightning and thunder

A

Thunderstorms

85
Q

kind of storm - up to 63 km/hr winds

A

Tropical depression

86
Q

kind of storm - 63-117 km/hr winds

A

Tropical storm

87
Q

kind of storm - Pacific Ocean origin (120-350 km/hr winds

88
Q

kind of storm - Atlantic Ocean origin (120-350 km/hr winds)

89
Q

kind of storm - Indian Ocean origin (120-350 km/hr winds)

90
Q

kind of storm - small but about 500 km/hr

91
Q

Water Cycle - the movement of water through the soil itself

A

Percolation

92
Q

Water Cycle - the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor)

A

Evaporation

93
Q

Water Cycle - water vapor turning back into liquid water

A

Condensation

94
Q

Water Cycle - all liquid and solid water particles that fall from clouds and reach the ground

A

Precipitation

95
Q

Water Cycle - water vapor being released from plants and soil

A

Transpiration

96
Q

An essential biogeochemical cycle to maintain the concentration and level of oxygen in the atmosphere.

A

Oxygen Cycle

97
Q

Oxygen is used up in four processes which are…

A

Respiration
Decomposing
Rusting
Combustion

98
Q

Oxygen Cycle - process that releases energy in the presence of oxygen

A

Respiration

99
Q

Oxygen Cycle - When plants and animals die, they decay. This process uses up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide into the air.

A

Decomposing

100
Q

Oxygen Cycle - Also called oxidation, this process causes metals to rust. A process which uses up oxygen.

101
Q

Oxygen Cycle - The process by which fire is generated also requires oxygen, along with heat and fuel. This process also used up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

A

Combustion

102
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. One Oxygen Cycle: Organic Molecule (C6H12O6) > Respiration > Carbon Dioxide (CO2) > Photosynthesis

103
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. One Oxygen Cycle: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) > Respiration > Organic Molecule (C6H12O6) > Photosynthesis

104
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. One Oxygen Cycle: Atmospheric Oxygen (O2) > Respiration > Water (H2O) > Photosynthesis

105
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. One Oxygen Cycle: Water (H2O) > Photosynthesis > Atmospheric Oxygen (O2) > Respiration

106
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. One Oxygen Cycle: Water (H2O) > Respiration > Atmospheric Oxygen (O2) > Photosynthesis

107
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. One Oxygen Cycle: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) > Photosynthesis > Organic Molecule (C6H12O6) > Respiration

108
Q

The six main processes in the carbon cycle

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration
Exchange
Sedimentation
Extraction
Combustion

109
Q

It is the basis of all life on Earth

110
Q

We are made of it, we consume it, and our economies, hones, and modes of transport are built of it

111
Q

Without it, the Earth will be frozen

A

Carbon Cycle

112
Q

This is how carbon transfers between different ‘carbon reservoirs’ (or carbon sinks) located on Earth.

A

Carbon Cycle

113
Q

It is vital for maintaining a stable climate and carbon balance on our planet.

A

Carbon Cycle

114
Q

It was developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912; the theory of the movement of the continents relative to each other

A

Continental Drift Theory

115
Q

Who developed the Continental Drift Theory?

A

Alfred Wegener

116
Q

When was the Continental Drift Theory developed?

117
Q

The Four Evidences on Continental Drift Theory

A

Fossils in Africa and South America
Positions of mountain ranges
Glacial striations
Tillites

118
Q

these are scratches in rock caused by movement of glaciers (evidence on Continental Drift Theory)

A

Glacial striations

119
Q

glacial sediments buried in rock (evidence on Continental Drift Theory)

120
Q

It is the theory that ___________________ move; explains continental drift

A

Theory of Plate Tectonics

121
Q

The “supercontinent” that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras

122
Q

During the Mesozoic era, the “supercontinent” broke up into ______________ in the north and ______________________ in the south

A

Laurasia ; Gondwanaland

123
Q

During the Mesozoic Era, it started breaking up into Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and South America

124
Q

The three types of Plate Boundaries

A

Convergent
Transform
Divergent

125
Q

What plate boundary looks like this? ➡️⬅️

A

Convergent Plate Boundary

126
Q

What plate boundary looks like this? ⬅️➡️

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

127
Q

What plate boundary looks like this? ⬆️⬇️

A

Transform Plate Boundary

128
Q

plates slide side-by-side against one another, causing earthquakes (plate boundary)

A

Transform Plate Boundary

129
Q

plates move away from each another, forming mid-ocean ridges, creating young crust on the ocean floor (plate boundary)

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

130
Q

plates move toward each other (plate boundary)

A

Convergent Plate Boundary

131
Q

What types of convergent plates?

one of the plates is subducted into the mantle, magma rises, forming volcanoes; also creates trenches

A

Oceanic-Oceanic

132
Q

What types of convergent plates?

the oceanic plate is subducted into the mantle, magma rises, forming mountain ranges usually containing volcanoes

A

Oceanic-Continental

133
Q

What types of convergent plates?

neither plate is subducted; the plates are forced to one another, forming tall mountains

A

Continental-Continental

134
Q

the “size” or the energy released by an earthquake

135
Q

measured using the Richter scale (1 to 10, wherein 2 is ten times stronger than magnitude 1, and so on)

136
Q

measured using Moment _________ scale (now more commonly used because of higher precision)

137
Q

amount of damage dealt by an earthquake

138
Q

measured using the Mercalli scale (1 to 12)

139
Q

an earthquake’s point of origin

140
Q

the point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus

141
Q

Three types of Rocks

A

Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimenrary

142
Q

Type of Rock - from lava

A

Igneous Rocks

143
Q

Type of Rock - from other rocks that were changed due to intense heat and pressure

A

Metamorphic Rocks

144
Q

Type of Rock - e.g. granite, basalt, magma

A

Igneous Rocks

145
Q

Type of Rock - e.g. marble, slate

A

Metamorphic Rocks

146
Q

Type of Rock - from sediments which were eroded to lower places

A

Sedimentary Rocks

147
Q

Type of Rock - forms fossils

A

Sedimentary Rocks

148
Q

Type of Rock - e.g. sandstone, shale, calcite

A

Sedimentary Rocks