Science - Diseases Flashcards
Disease
Anything that prevents the body or parts of the body from functioning properly
List the Pathogens
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Parasite
- Fungi
Bacteria
Unicellular, microscopic organism that can be treated with antibiotics
Bacterial Diseases
- Whooping Cough
- Tetanus
- Typhoid Fever
What bacteria causes Tetanus?
Clostridium tetani
Symptoms of Tetanus include:
- Lockjaw
- Respiratory failure
- Heart attack
What bacteria causes Gastroenteritis?
Salmonella enteritis
Symptoms of gastroenteritis include:
- Fever
- Headaches
- Stomach pains
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
Examples of good hygiene include:
- Washing hands often
- Sanitize food prep surfaces
- Keep meat and dairy separate
- Use different utensils for cooked and raw foods
Infection
When a pathogen enters the body and reaches its target cells
First Line of Defense
- Skin
- Fluids
- Hair and mucus
- Acid
- Emptying digestive tract
Second Line of Defense
- Macrophages and Neutrophils (white blood cells)
- Inflammation: release of histamine that increases blood flow
Third Line of Defense
Lymph nodes produce lymphocytes that produce specific antibodies which bind the pathogen for white blood cells to engulf
Vaccinations
A method of creating immunological memory artificially
Virus
Non living pathogen that hijacks a host cell to reproduce. Can be treated by antiviral drugs
Examples of Viral Infections
- Influenza
- Cold
- Chicken Pox
- Measles
Immunosupressed
Those with a weakened immune system (eg. young children, elderly, ect)
Parasite
An organism that lives on or inside of a host victim
Malaria
Parasitic disease caused by a plasmodium, carried by mosquitoes
Amoebic Dysentery
Parasitic disease caused by pathogenic amoebae in contaminated water. Treated with antibiotics
Fungi
Few are pathogenic and spread through spores. Can be transmitted through
- Skin to skin contact
- Sharing towels, clothes or gym equipment
- Walking on contaminated areas barefoot
Tinea
Fungal infection, commonly known as ringworm. Causes inflammation and rashes and is treated with fungicide
Thrush
Fungal infections - completely natural until out of control
Commonly occurs after prolonged use of antibiotics
Kwashiorkor
Environmental disease caused by lack of protein
Symptoms include:
- Pot belly
- Fatigue
- Hair loss
- Swollen legs
- Weak stomach muscles
Scurvy
Environmental disease caused by lack of Vitamin C
Symptoms:
- Bleeding gums
- Tooth loss
- Swollen and sore joints
- Reduced healing time
Rickets
Environmental disease caused by lack of Vitamin D
Symptoms:
- Soft bones
Calculating BMI
Mass(kg)/(height(m))^2
Type 2 Diabetes
Environmental disease caused by too much sugar in a diet
Lack of/Insensitivity to insulin
Asbestos
A man made chemical that causes many lung cancers when inhaled
