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Quizbowl (24-25) > Science Complete > Flashcards

Science Complete Flashcards

1
Q

What supercontinent broke apart 200 million years ago to form the continents we know today?

A

Pangea

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2
Q

What is the longest river in the world?

A

Nile River

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3
Q

What is the deepest area found in any of the world’s oceans?

A

Mariana Trench

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4
Q

What are the three layers the Earth is divided into?

A

Crust, Mantle, Core

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5
Q

What type of fossils are formed when an organism dies and is trapped in tree resin?

A

Amber Fossil

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6
Q

What is a chain of islands called?

A

Archipelago

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7
Q

What large landform is comprised solely of densely-packed layers of ice formed over time?

A

Glacier

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8
Q

What is the tallest waterfall on Earth?

A

Angel Falls

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9
Q

What phenomenon is caused when gases in Earth’s lower atmosphere absorb the sun’s radiation?

A

Greenhouse Effect

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10
Q

What landform is surrounded by water on three sides and connects to land on the remaining side?

A

Peninsula

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11
Q

What’s the name for a resource that is able to replenish over time?

A

Renewable

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12
Q

About how many years ago did dinosaurs exist? (Excluding birds)

A

Between about 250 and 65 million years ago

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13
Q

What form of precipitation consists of hard ice pellets typically formed by thunderstorms?

A

Hail

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14
Q

What two gases together make up 99% of Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen

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15
Q

What theory describes the movement of large sections of the Earth’s crust over the its mantle?

A

Plate Tectonics

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16
Q

Desert, aquatic, forest, grassland, and tundra are collectively known as the 5 types of ______ on Earth.

A

Biomes

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17
Q

What coordinate system is used to measure and navigate the Earth?

A

Lines of Latitude and Longitude

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18
Q

What two names are given to molten rock, the first being trapped beneath the Earth’s surface and the second being exposed through a crack, fissure, or volcanic vent?

A

Magma, Lava

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19
Q

What do we call the preserved remains of ancient plants and animals, whether bones, teeth, droppings, or just imprints left by their bodies?

A

Fossils

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20
Q

What coastal land feature is formed when fresh water from a river meets and intermingles with salt water from the ocean?

A

Estuary

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21
Q

__________ science is the study of the mind & intelligence, while __________ science is the study of the anatomy & physiology of the brain.

A

Cognitive science / Neuroscience

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22
Q

What part of the inner brain resembles a seahorse and is responsible for regulating learning & memory?

A

Hippocampus

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23
Q

What is the cognitive science term for when you think of an answer in your head (rather than just recognizing it on a list of multiple choices)?

A

Active recall

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24
Q

What is the cognitive science term for reflecting upon your existing knowledge or thought processes?

A

Metacognition

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25
Q

What is the cognitive science term for spreading successive exposures to a concept across longer and longer intervals of time, to strengthen the memory trace?

A

Spaced repetition

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26
Q

What is the cognitive science term for that “sweet spot” where you are just at the fringe of your knowledge or skill capacity?

A

Zone of proximal development (ZOPD)

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27
Q

What is the term for new knowledge or skills being “too hard” due to cognitive overload?

A

Cognitive load

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28
Q

What is the cognitive science term for frequently switching between different subjects while studying?

A

Interleaving practice

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29
Q

__________ knowledge is conscious knowledge of facts & concepts that can be verbalized, whereas __________ knowledge involves knowing HOW to do something.

A

Declarative / Procedural

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30
Q

The cerebral _______ is the outer layer of the cerebrum, where most complex reasoning takes place.

A

Cortex

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31
Q

What are the four lobes of the human brain?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

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32
Q

True or false: Logical people use more of the left side of their brain, and creative people use more of the right side.

A
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33
Q

What is the name of the effect in which the brain’s adaptive neuronal connections strengthen or weaken depending on the functions needed?

A

Brain plasticity

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34
Q

True or false: Humans only use 10 percent of the brain.

A
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35
Q

What are a human’s five basic senses?

A

Sight, Hearing, Smell, Touch, Taste

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36
Q

True or false: If you flip a fair coin 10 times and it lands on heads 10 times, the odds are high that it will land on tails on the 11th flip.

A
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37
Q

What diagram is depicted in this picture?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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38
Q

What do psychologists call the ability to recall information in smaller bits?

A

Chunking

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39
Q

What is the term for the ability to apply previous learning to new situations?

A

Transfer (of learning)

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40
Q

What three distinct components comprise the mind, according to Sigmund Freud?

A

Id, Ego, Super-ego

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41
Q

What family of drugs is used to reduce the activity of a certain part of the brain or body?

A

Depressant

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42
Q

What family of drugs induces alertness or wakefulness, and improves mental or physical functioning?

A

Stimulants

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43
Q

Which psychological disorder is commonly diagnosed during childhood and is characterized by a lack of self-control and overactivity?

A

ADHD

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44
Q

What is the term used for the loss of memories, such as facts, information, and experiences?

A

Amnesia

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45
Q

What is the most common psychological disorder in developed countries?

A

Anxiety

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46
Q

What neurodevelopmental disorder appears within the first three years of a child’s life and presents through difficulty with socialization?

A

Autism

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47
Q

What psychological disorder results in extreme mood swings?

A

Bipolar disorder

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48
Q

What neurological condition presents through difficulty reading or writing and is typically first noticed during childhood?

A

Dyslexia

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49
Q

______ is an eating disorder that is characterized by severe food restriction, meaning that a person suffering from this condition hardly eats.

A

Anorexia

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50
Q

What disorder is characterized by a racing heartbeat, shortness of breath, and fear in situations where such a degree of fear may not be justified?

A

Panic disorder

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51
Q

A type of anxiety that manifests itself in the form of an extreme fear is called a(n) ______.

A

Phobia

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52
Q

Which psychological disorder is often characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior?

A

Schizophrenia

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53
Q

Which type of memory is the extension of short-term memory that applies cognitive processes, such as reasoning, to the items currently held in short-term memory?

A

Working memory

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54
Q

During which stage of the sleep cycle does most dreaming occur?

A

REM sleep

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55
Q

What is the name for the electrically excitable cell that is found in the brain and nervous system, and functions to process and transmit impulses through the body?

A

Neuron

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56
Q

What is the chemical in the brain that transmits signals between neurons?

A

Neurotransmitter

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57
Q

True or false: Dopamine is the “reward chemical” that your brain produces when achieving a goal.

A
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58
Q

Which hormone and neurotransmitter is also commonly referred to as adrenaline?

A

Epinephrine

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59
Q

What is the name of the inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, appetite, and memory?

A

Serotonin

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60
Q

Which 19th-century psychologist famously conditioned his dog to salivate by simply ringing a bell, even if there was no food in sight?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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61
Q

What are the five tastes humans perceive?

A

Salty, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, Umami

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62
Q

Which 20th-century psychologist is known as the father of Behaviorism and developed the operant conditioning chamber?

A

B.F. Skinner

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63
Q

Which 19th-century psychologist is best known for his contributions to educational psychology and reform, and is recognized as a founder of functional psychology?

A

John Dewey

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64
Q

Which 19th and 20th-century scientist is recognized as the Father of Psychoanalysis and is particularly famous for his analyses of dreams and the subconscious?

A

Sigmund Freud

65
Q

“____ vs ____” is the phrase typically used to describe the controversy over whether behavior is inherited vs. learned from experience.

A

Nature vs Nurture

66
Q

What term is used for an error in speech that is believed to be the result of some unconscious belief or desire?

A

Freudian slip

67
Q

In taxonomy, archaea, bacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia are known as the _____ of life.

A

Kingdoms

68
Q

Which English scientist developed early theories about evolution in the 1800s?

A

Charles Darwin

69
Q

______ are the parts of a cell that work together to allow the cell to function properly.

A

Organelles

70
Q

______ creatures convert food into energy in order to maintain a stable body temperature (through a process called homeostasis).

A

Warm-blooded

71
Q

What is Dolly the Sheep’s claim to fame?

A

She was the first mammal to be cloned

72
Q

What group of vertebrate organisms are cold-blooded and spend their life both on land and in water?

A

Amphibian

73
Q

What group of vertebrate organisms are warm-blooded, produce their own milk, and, with very few exceptions, give birth to live young?

A

Mammal

74
Q

There are 11 human body systems of which 9 are listed below. Which 2 are missing?

A

Respiratory System, Nervous System

75
Q

What is the largest bone in the human body?

A

Femur

76
Q

What is the name for the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to create their food?

A

Photosynthesis

77
Q

What is the name of the disease caused when cells in some part of the body grow out of control?

A

Cancer

78
Q

Plant cells contain organelles called ______, which are used in the process of photosynthesis to make the plant’s food.

A

Chloroplasts

79
Q

What is the largest living structure on Earth?

A

The Great Barrier Reef

80
Q

What impacts human blood type?

A

The antigens on a person’s blood cells

81
Q

What are the four major human blood types?

A

A, B, AB, and O

82
Q

Which blood type is known as the ‘universal donor’ because anyone can accept their blood?

A

Type O-

83
Q

Which Swedish scientist developed binomial nomenclature, a system for categorizing and naming species, in the 1700s?

A

Carl Linnaeus

84
Q

Which thread-like structures, located in the nucleus of a cell, contain all of the DNA of an organism?

A

Chromosomes

85
Q

What phrase refers to your body’s natural ability to regulate and carry out functions over a 24-hour cycle?

A

Circadian rhythm

86
Q

What chronic disease disrupts the body’s ability to produce or process insulin correctly?

A

Diabetes

87
Q

Brown eyes, brown hair, and curly hair are all examples of _____ traits, whereas blue eyes, blonde hair, and straight hair are all examples of _____ traits.

A

Dominant; recessive

88
Q

A cold-blooded animal that uses lungs to breathe and has a backbone and scales is called a ______.

A

Reptile

89
Q

Besides hearing, what other function does the inner ear serve?

A

Balance

90
Q

What kind of organism infects another organism, multiplies inside it, and deprives it of resources like nutrients?

A

Parasite

91
Q

What is the term for a microscopic organism that can infect living things?

A

Germ

92
Q

Which body system is responsible for transporting blood and other nutrients throughout the body?

A

The circulatory system

93
Q

What is term is applied to organisms whose genes have been altered using genetic engineering techniques?

A

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)

94
Q

Which scientist conducted the famous experiment with pea plants that demonstrated how dominant and recessive traits are passed from parents to children?

A

Gregor Mendel

95
Q

What life-threatening medical condition occurs when part of the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood, possibly due to a blockage in an artery?

A

Heart attack

96
Q

What term is used to describe the body’s ability to maintain a state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions?

A

Homeostasis

97
Q

How many bones does the adult human skeleton have?

A

206

98
Q

Who was the first scientist to discover bacteria?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

99
Q

Which body system contains a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that help the body fight infections and other diseases?

A

The immune system

100
Q

Why are bees crucial to human survival?

A

They are pollinators of crops

101
Q

Which English scientist is iconic for her research on chimpanzees and their social dynamics?

A

Jane Goodall

102
Q

Which human body system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body and controlling actions (both voluntary and involuntary)?

A

The nervous system

103
Q

Which American medical researcher developed the first polio vaccine?

A

Jonas Salk

104
Q

What is the largest organ in the human body?

A

The skin

105
Q

Which 19th-century Frenchman, who was blinded as a child, later developed a system of reading and writing for the blind?

A

Louis Braille

106
Q

What is the term for food grown without pesticides or harmful methods of fertilization?

A

Organic food

107
Q

What is the name of the technique used to kill bacteria in food and drink?

A

Pasteurization

108
Q

What large, complex organic molecule is made up of strings of amino acids and plays a crucial role in all living things?

A

Protein

109
Q

What medical emergency is characterized by a reduction or elimination of blood flow to the brain?

A

Stroke

110
Q

Which human body system is responsible for the inhalation of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide?

A

Respiratory system

111
Q

What do you call a biological preparation that is used to introduce a dead or weakened part of the virus, bacteria, or analogue into the body in order to strengthen the immune system against a threat?

A

Vaccine

112
Q

What is the term for a microorganism that is not a living cell but that reproduces by duplicating itself inside the cells of another organism?

A

Virus

113
Q

Which two scientists are credited with the discovery of DNA?

A

James Watson & Francis Crick

114
Q

What kind of bird is a bat?

A

TRICK QUESTION! Bats are actually mammals, not birds.

115
Q

When two species cooperate to help each other grow and multiply, they are said to have a _____ relationship.

A

Symbiotic

116
Q

Which 20th-century German-born physicist is considered the father of modern physics, thanks to his development of the general theory of relativity?

A

Albert Einstein

117
Q

Sound is measured in _____.

A

decibels

118
Q

Which 20th- and 21st-century English physicist wrote the famous science nonfiction bookA Brief History of Timein 1988?

A

Stephen Hawking

119
Q

What branch of physics deals with sound and waves?

A

acoustics

120
Q

Which 19th- and 20th-century Polish physicist was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize?

A

Marie Curie

121
Q

_____ energy is the energy of an object in motion; _____ energy is the stored energy of an object based on its current state or position.

A

kinetic; potential

122
Q

Which American inventor of the 19th and 20th centuries patented more than a thousand devices and aided in the development and design of numerous others, such as the incandescent lightbulb?

A

Thomas Edison

123
Q

Which American physicist of the 20th century is known as the father of the atomic bomb?

A

John Robert Oppenheimer

124
Q

What is the term used for electricity that flows in both directions and typically runs through our homes?

A

AC (alternating current)

125
Q

Which 17th- and 18th-century English scientist played an enormous role in developing the modern understanding of calculus, light, motion, and gravity, among other subjects?

A

Sir Isaac Newton

126
Q

A battery uses a _____ reaction to produce energy.

A

chemical

127
Q

Which American brothers and inventors built the first successful airplane and, in 1903, took it for the first sustained human flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina?

A

Orville and Wilbur Wright

128
Q

What sound is the result of an aircraft or other object breaking the sound barrier?

A

sonic boom

129
Q

An object’s change in velocity (speed) over a period of time is its __________.

A

acceleration

130
Q

What is the significance of this number: 299,792,458 metres per second (or 670,616,629 miles per hour)?

A

the speed of light

131
Q

Which 20th-century Danish physicist is best known for developing the model of the atom with a nucleus at the center and electrons orbiting around it?

A

Niels Bohr

132
Q

Organized into the Periodic Table, what is the name for a pure chemical substance consisting of a single type of atom?

A

element

133
Q

Which 19th- and 20th-century Scottish-American inventor is credited with the invention of the telephone?

A

Alexander Graham Bell

134
Q

Which 19th-century English scientist is most famous for establishing the notion of the electromagnetic field in physics?

A

Michael Faraday

135
Q

What kind of electromagnetic radiation does radar technology use to remotely detect objects such as aircrafts and severe weather?

A

radio waves

136
Q

Which Serbian-American inventor and engineer of the 19th and 20th centuries is noted for his contributions to the design of the modern AC electric power system?

A

Nikola Tesla

137
Q

What is used to measure the amount of matter contained by an object?

A

mass

138
Q

_____ _____ proposed the law of universal gravitation.

A

Isaac Newton

139
Q

A ________ is a group of two or more atoms held together.

A

molecule

140
Q

What is the common name for the frozen form of carbon dioxide, which begins to smoke as it melts?

A

dry ice

141
Q

What scale is used when measuring the acidity or basicity of water?

A

pH

142
Q

In chemistry, what is the term used for a molecule made up of more than one type of atom?

A

compound

143
Q

Which wealthy Swedish scientist and arms manufacturer of the 19th century invented dynamite?

A

Alfred Nobel

144
Q

In chemistry, what is the term used for the type of bond formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound?

A

ionic bonds

145
Q

What four states or forms does all matter assume?

A

Solids, Liquids, Gases, Plasma

146
Q

What single element is both diamond and the graphite in your pencil made of?

A

carbon

147
Q

Where does most of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere come from?

A

marine plants

148
Q

What molecule in peppers gives them their heat/spiciness?

A

capsaicin

149
Q

Aside from jewellery, what important application does gold have?

A

electricity conducting material

150
Q

What element was favored as a murder weapon in the Middle Ages because the symptoms of poisoning were similar to those of cholera, a rampant disease at the time?

A

arsenic

151
Q

What is the common term for nitrous oxide gas, which is used as an anesthetic?

A

laughing gas

152
Q

What are the building blocks of molecules?

A

atoms

153
Q

A/n _______ is the simplest form of matter, consisting purely of a single kind of atom.

A

element

154
Q

What is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature?

A

mercury

155
Q

What gas famously smells like rotten eggs?

A

hydrogen sulfide

156
Q

What unique property of water explains why you should never freeze glass bottles containing liquids?

A

Water expands when it freezes

157
Q

True or false: It’s safe to microwave aluminum food containers.

A
158
Q

Water-based liquids can be described as acidic, neutral, or basic, with respect to pH. Which of these best describes milk?

A

acidic

159
Q

What are the four elements common to all living things?

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Quizbowl (24-25) (5 decks)

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