Science Chemistry Test

Question 1

Why are the two Safety Organizations good to use?

Answer 1

• Put symbols on containers (better than worse)
• Universal
• Other Country (Language Barriers)
• For those who cannot read

Question 2

What is HHPS?

Answer 2

Hazardous Household Products Symbols.
There are four symbols: Poisonous, Corrosive, Explosive, and Flammable. There are two shapes: Triangle and Octagon. (Octagon = Stronger)

Question 3

What is WHMIS?

Answer 3

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. Symbols similar to HHPS, plus others (e.g. Infectious) Usually only one shape. (Circle)

Question 4

The Particle Theory of Matter (4)

Answer 4

• All matter is made up of particles
• The particles are always moving
• When heated the particles move more
• The particles are held together by bonds

Question 5

What are the three states of matter and their properties?

Answer 5

Solid
- Strong
- Close together
- Vibrate
Liquid
(in between)
Gas
- Weak
- Far apart
- Moving all over

Question 6

What are the 4 types of mixtures with examples?

Answer 6

Physical Change
- Solution (Sugar in Water)
- Suspension (Oil in Water)
- Mechanical Mixture (Salt and Pepper)
- Colloid (Milk)

Question 7

Qualitative Physical Properties:

Answer 7

• Colour
• Texture
• State of Matter
• Taste
• Smell

Question 8

2 Pure Substances:

Answer 8

Chemical Change
- Elements (Hydrogen, Oxygen)
- Compounds (Water)

Question 9

Quantitative Physical Properties:

Answer 9

• Boiling Point
• Volume
• Density

Question 10

The physical properties for each of the mixtures:

Answer 10

Solutions: Clear
Suspensions: Two parts stacked on each other
Mechanical Mixtures: Two parts all mixed up
Colloids: Cloudy (only see one thing)

Question 11

What’s Homogenous?

Answer 11

It’s when you can only see one thing.

Question 12

What’s Heterogenous?

Answer 12

It’s when you see more than one thing.

Question 13

What’s Malleable?

Answer 13

The ability of a substance to change its shape. (Gold)

Question 14

What’s Ductile?

Answer 14

The ability of a substance to be made into long threads. (Copper)

Question 15

Qualitative PP:

Answer 15

• No number value
• Often the same for different substances

Question 16

Quantitative PP:

Answer 16

• Get a # value
• Usually different for different substances

Question 17

Density:

Answer 17

• Very useful
• No two substances have the same density.
• Depends on the # of particles in a “space”
• More particles = greater density
  Density: Mass/Volume

Question 18

Evidence of a Chemical Change:

Answer 18

1. Colour change (NR)
2. Bubbles form
3. Heat is made
4. Change of state (NR)
5. Precipitate forms

Question 19

Who is Mendeleev?

Answer 19

• Designed the earliest P.T.
• Around 60 Elements were known.
• Same column if similar properties
• Gaps: if no elements had similar properties.

Question 20

Each Square of the Periodic Table contains:

Answer 20

• Atomic Number
• Name
• Symbol
• Atomic Mass

Question 21

Rules for Periodic Table:

Answer 21

• Maximum two letters
• 1st = Capital
• 2nd = Lowercase

Question 22

Three main groups in the PT:

Answer 22

• Metals (most)
• Non-metals (few)
• Metalloids (staircase), (mixture of properties)

Question 23

How many Groups and Periods?

Answer 23

• 18 Columns/Groups (same group = similar properties)
• 7 Rows/Periods

Question 24

Group names:

Answer 24

17 = Halogens

#2 = Alkaline Earth Metals
#17 = Halogens
#18 = Noble Gases

Question 24

What are atoms made of?

Answer 24

Subatomic Particles Protons - Heavy - In nucleus - Positive Charge Neutrons - Heavy - In nucleus - No charge Electrons - Very very very light - Circles the nucleus in orbits/shells - Negative charge

Question 25

What's a valence shell?

Answer 25

The outermost shell that determines how reactive the atom is. Full = not reactive. Close to being full/empty = most reactive!

Question 26

How to find the # of neutrons? (Assume mass number is given)

Answer 26

Ex: Li - 6 Mass number = Protons + Neutrons 6 - 3 = 3 (P+N) - (P) = (N)

Question 27

How to find the # of neutrons? (Assume mass number is NOT given)

Answer 27

For Li Atomic Mass = 6.94 - Round it to 7 Atomic Mass - Atomic # = Neutrons (P+N) - (P) = (N)

Question 28

What's are Isotopes?

Answer 28

Atoms of the same element with different amounts of neutrons. Ex: O - 15 O - 16 O - 17 (Three isotopes of oxygen)

Question 29

The current design of the atom is called the:

Answer 29

Solar System or Bohr-Rutherford Diagram.

Question 30

What does the group # give you?

Answer 30

It gives you the # of Valence Electrons.

Question 31

What does the period # give you?

Answer 31

It gives you the # of electron shells.

Question 32

What did Democritus do?

Answer 32

~400 BCE: Proposed that all matter can be divided into smaller pieces until a single indivisible particle is reached. He named it the atom, which means "cannot be cut."

Question 33

What did Aristotle do?

Answer 33

~450 BCE: Rejected the idea of an atom. Supported the theory that all matter is made up of four basic substances: Water, Earth, Air, and Fire.

Question 34

What did John Dalton do?

Answer 34

1807: Revised Democritus' theory of the indivisible atom. Created the billiard ball diagram which explains many properties of matter.

Question 35

What did Thomson do?

Answer 35

1897: Introduced Electrons. Made the plum pudding model.

Question 36

What did Rutherford do?

Answer 36

1909: Conducted the gold foil experiment. Discovered the centre of the atom has a positive charge, and that the nucleus is surrounded by electrons. NUCLEUS + PROTON.

Question 37

What did Chadwick do?

Answer 37

1932: Discovered that the nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral particles called neutrons.

Question 38

What did Bohr do?

Answer 38

1913: Discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom like the planets orbit the sun.