science: chemistry

Question 1

collision theory

Answer 1

the theory to explain how different chemical reactions happen rates. three things must take place; right orientation and power

Question 2

what are the collision theory factors?

Answer 2

concentration, heat, a catalyst, surface area and pressure

Question 3

collision theory: concentration

Answer 3

an increased concentration allows reactants to have a higher chance of reacting with each other. this also means that there is an increase in the frequency of collisons

Question 4

collision theory: temperature

Answer 4

an increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy and speed of the reactants. this increases the number of collisions as well as the energy needed to collide

Question 5

collision theory: pressure

Answer 5

the concentration of gas when compressed cause particles to be closer together, increasing the frequency and successful collisions.

Question 6

collision theory: surface area

Answer 6

more exposure of the area of the reactants allows there to be more area of the particles to react. this increases the likelihood of reactants colliding correctly

Question 7

collision theory: catalyst

Answer 7

like wingmen which make it easier for particles to come together with the right orientation

Question 8

core charge: periodic table

Answer 8

–> increases ! stays the same

the force valence electrons experience from the nucleus

the number of protons - inner shell electrons (not valance)

Question 9

atomic radius: periodic table

Answer 9

–> decreases ! increases

the distance from the nucleus to the valence shell.
as core charge increases, the radius gets smaller because the stronger nucleus is, the electrons are more closer to the nucleus

Question 10

metal reactivity: periodic table

Answer 10

–> decreases ! increases

a series that lists metals for their likelihood of donating electrons

Question 11

electronegativity: periodic table

Answer 11

–> increases ! decreases

the measure of how strong an atom nucleus pulls on the electrons of other atoms. a high core charge means that they can hold onto other electrons the best

Question 12

ionisation energy: periodic table

Answer 12

–> increases ! decreases

energy needed to remove an electron from an element to form a pos ion (cation).

Question 13

the families in the periodic table

Answer 13

group 1 - alkali metals
group 2 - alkali earth metals
group 17 halogens
group 18 - inert gases

Question 14

ion

Answer 14

a charged atom, either positively (cation) or negatively (anion)

Question 15

ionic compound

Answer 15

compounds made up of a cation and an anion (or metal and non-metal) by the transfer of electrons.

Question 16

why do non-metals bond with metals

Answer 16

Non metals need to gain electrons and metals donate electrons to achieve a full octet (8 electrons in a valence shell)

Question 17

single displacement

Answer 17

when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one in an ionic compound

Question 18

precipitation

Answer 18

2 solutions are added together, they create an insoluble precipitate

Question 19

double displacement

Answer 19

2 ionic solutions are added together and the ions rearrange to form a solid

Question 20

SNACK

Answer 20

always soluble
sodium, nitrate, ammonium, potassium

Question 21

CHiPS

Answer 21

insoluble unless bonded to SNACK
carbonate, hydroxide, phosphate, sulfide

Question 22

BICs

Answer 22

soluble unless bonded to Pb, Hg or Ag
bromine, iodine, chlorine, sulphate