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FREE FLASHCARDS > Science Chapter 3 Flashcards > Flashcards

Science Chapter 3 Flashcards

This is to help study for the science test on Thursday.

1
Q

What is a calorie?

A

A unit of energy equivalent to the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C .

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2
Q

What is a Calorie? (capital C)

A

The unit used to measure the amount of energy in food. 1 Calorie = 1,000 calories.

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3
Q

What are nutrients?

A

The substances in food that provide raw materials and energy that the body needs to function.

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4
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

The types of nutrients that are a major source of energy for your body which are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

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5
Q

What percent of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates?

A

45 to 65 percent

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6
Q

What is the difference between complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates?

A

Simple carbohydrates are called sugars and sugars give you a quick burst of energy while complex carbohydrates are made up of many linked sugar molecules that provide a long term energy source.

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7
Q

What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?

A

Glucose

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8
Q

What is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

A

Starch or fiber

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9
Q

What is glucose?

A

The major source of energy for the body’s cell’s. The body converts sugars into glucose.

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10
Q

What are fats?

A

Energy containing nutrients compose of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

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11
Q

How many Calories are in one gram of fat?

A

9 Calories

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12
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

The fats that are found in meats that are usually solid at room temperature.

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13
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

The fats found in cooking oils that are usually liquid at room temperature.

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14
Q

What are trans fats?

A

The fats made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils.

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15
Q

What fat out of the three is good for you?

A

Unsaturated fat

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16
Q

What percent of your daily calories should come from fats?

A

30%

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17
Q

What is Cholesterol?

A

The waxy fat like substance found in animal products.

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18
Q

Do you need Cholesterol in your daily diet?

A

No, your liver produces all the cholesterol your body needs.

19
Q

What are proteins?

A

Nutrients containing nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.

20
Q

Why does the body need protein?

A

Protein helps with growth and tissue repair.

21
Q

What percent of your daily calories should come from protein?

A

10 to 35 percent

22
Q

What are amino acids?

A

The things that protein are made up of.

23
Q

True or false: your body can make about half the amino acids it needs.

A

TRUE

24
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Nutrients that act as helper molecules in your body’s chemical reactions.

25
Q

Can the body make vitamins?

A

Yes, but it can only make few. The body can produce vitamin D but the rest of the vitamins come from food.

26
Q

What are minerals?

A

Nutrients that are not made by living things.

27
Q

What are some examples of minerals?

A

Calcium, iron, and magnesium

28
Q

What is the percent daily value?

A

The thing found in nutritional facts that says how nutrients in one serving fits into a 2000 Calorie per day diet.

29
Q

What are dietary reference intakes?

A

Guidelines that help us know how much of certain nutrients we should eat to stay healthy.

30
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.

31
Q

What is absorption?

A

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.

32
Q

When does absorption occur?

A

After digestion

33
Q

What is saliva?

A

The fluid released by salivary glands when you eat.

34
Q

What are enzymes?

A

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

35
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

The flap of tissue in your esophagus that covers the entrance to your lungs as you swallow.

36
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

The muscular tube that connects your stomach to your mouth.

37
Q

What is mucus?

A

A thick, slippery substance produced by the body. Mucus makes food move easily.

38
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Waves of involuntary muscle contractions that push food to the stomach.

39
Q

What is the stomach?

A

J-shaped muscular pouch in the abdomen. Most mechanical digestion and some chemical digestion occur in the stomach.

40
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

The long tube in your digestive system where absorption and most chemical digestion occurs.

41
Q

True or false: the small intestine is the shortest part of your digestive system.

A

FALSE - the small intestine is about 6 meters longer than the average car.

42
Q

What is stored in the gallbladder?

A

Bile

43
Q
A

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