Science Chapter 3

Question 1

What is a calorie?

Answer 1

A unit of energy equivalent to the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C .

Question 2

What is a Calorie? (capital C)

Answer 2

The unit used to measure the amount of energy in food. 1 Calorie = 1,000 calories.

Question 3

What are nutrients?

Answer 3

The substances in food that provide raw materials and energy that the body needs to function.

Question 4

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 4

The types of nutrients that are a major source of energy for your body which are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Question 5

What percent of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates?

Answer 5

45 to 65 percent

Question 6

What is the difference between complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Simple carbohydrates are called sugars and sugars give you a quick burst of energy while complex carbohydrates are made up of many linked sugar molecules that provide a long term energy source.

Question 7

What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

What is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

Answer 8

Starch or fiber

Question 9

What is glucose?

Answer 9

The major source of energy for the body’s cell’s. The body converts sugars into glucose.

Question 10

What are fats?

Answer 10

Energy containing nutrients compose of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Question 11

How many Calories are in one gram of fat?

Answer 11

9 Calories

Question 12

What are saturated fats?

Answer 12

The fats that are found in meats that are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 13

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 13

The fats found in cooking oils that are usually liquid at room temperature.

Question 14

What are trans fats?

Answer 14

The fats made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils.

Question 15

What fat out of the three is good for you?

Answer 15

Unsaturated fat

Question 16

What percent of your daily calories should come from fats?

Answer 16

30%

Question 17

What is Cholesterol?

Answer 17

The waxy fat like substance found in animal products.

Question 18

Do you need Cholesterol in your daily diet?

Answer 18

No, your liver produces all the cholesterol your body needs.

Question 19

What are proteins?

Answer 19

Nutrients containing nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.

Question 20

Why does the body need protein?

Answer 20

Protein helps with growth and tissue repair.

Question 21

What percent of your daily calories should come from protein?

Answer 21

10 to 35 percent

Question 22

What are amino acids?

Answer 22

The things that protein are made up of.

Question 23

True or false: your body can make about half the amino acids it needs.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

What are vitamins?

Answer 24

Nutrients that act as helper molecules in your body’s chemical reactions.

Question 25

Can the body make vitamins?

Answer 25

Yes, but it can only make few. The body can produce vitamin D but the rest of the vitamins come from food.

Question 26

What are minerals?

Answer 26

Nutrients that are not made by living things.

Question 27

What are some examples of minerals?

Answer 27

Calcium, iron, and magnesium

Question 28

What is the percent daily value?

Answer 28

The thing found in nutritional facts that says how nutrients in one serving fits into a 2000 Calorie per day diet.

Question 29

What are dietary reference intakes?

Answer 29

Guidelines that help us know how much of certain nutrients we should eat to stay healthy.

Question 30

What is digestion?

Answer 30

The process which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.

Question 31

What is absorption?

Answer 31

The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.

Question 32

When does absorption occur?

Answer 32

After digestion

Question 33

What is saliva?

Answer 33

The fluid released by salivary glands when you eat.

Question 34

What are enzymes?

Answer 34

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

Question 35

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 35

The flap of tissue in your esophagus that covers the entrance to your lungs as you swallow.

Question 36

What is the esophagus?

Answer 36

The muscular tube that connects your stomach to your mouth.

Question 37

What is mucus?

Answer 37

A thick, slippery substance produced by the body. Mucus makes food move easily.

Question 38

What is peristalsis?

Answer 38

Waves of involuntary muscle contractions that push food to the stomach.

Question 39

What is the stomach?

Answer 39

J-shaped muscular pouch in the abdomen. Most mechanical digestion and some chemical digestion occur in the stomach.

Question 40

What is the small intestine?

Answer 40

The long tube in your digestive system where absorption and most chemical digestion occurs.

Question 41

True or false: the small intestine is the shortest part of your digestive system.

Answer 41

FALSE - the small intestine is about 6 meters longer than the average car.

Question 42

What is stored in the gallbladder?

Answer 42

Bile