Science Chapter 3 Flashcards
This is to help study for the science test on Thursday.
What is a calorie?
A unit of energy equivalent to the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C .
What is a Calorie? (capital C)
The unit used to measure the amount of energy in food. 1 Calorie = 1,000 calories.
What are nutrients?
The substances in food that provide raw materials and energy that the body needs to function.
What are carbohydrates?
The types of nutrients that are a major source of energy for your body which are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
What percent of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates?
45 to 65 percent
What is the difference between complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates are called sugars and sugars give you a quick burst of energy while complex carbohydrates are made up of many linked sugar molecules that provide a long term energy source.
What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?
Glucose
What is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
Starch or fiber
What is glucose?
The major source of energy for the body’s cell’s. The body converts sugars into glucose.
What are fats?
Energy containing nutrients compose of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
How many Calories are in one gram of fat?
9 Calories
What are saturated fats?
The fats that are found in meats that are usually solid at room temperature.
What are unsaturated fats?
The fats found in cooking oils that are usually liquid at room temperature.
What are trans fats?
The fats made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils.
What fat out of the three is good for you?
Unsaturated fat
What percent of your daily calories should come from fats?
30%
What is Cholesterol?
The waxy fat like substance found in animal products.
Do you need Cholesterol in your daily diet?
No, your liver produces all the cholesterol your body needs.
What are proteins?
Nutrients containing nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
Why does the body need protein?
Protein helps with growth and tissue repair.
What percent of your daily calories should come from protein?
10 to 35 percent
What are amino acids?
The things that protein are made up of.
True or false: your body can make about half the amino acids it needs.
TRUE
What are vitamins?
Nutrients that act as helper molecules in your body’s chemical reactions.
Can the body make vitamins?
Yes, but it can only make few. The body can produce vitamin D but the rest of the vitamins come from food.
What are minerals?
Nutrients that are not made by living things.
What are some examples of minerals?
Calcium, iron, and magnesium
What is the percent daily value?
The thing found in nutritional facts that says how nutrients in one serving fits into a 2000 Calorie per day diet.
What are dietary reference intakes?
Guidelines that help us know how much of certain nutrients we should eat to stay healthy.
What is digestion?
The process which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.
What is absorption?
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.
When does absorption occur?
After digestion
What is saliva?
The fluid released by salivary glands when you eat.
What are enzymes?
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
What is the epiglottis?
The flap of tissue in your esophagus that covers the entrance to your lungs as you swallow.
What is the esophagus?
The muscular tube that connects your stomach to your mouth.
What is mucus?
A thick, slippery substance produced by the body. Mucus makes food move easily.
What is peristalsis?
Waves of involuntary muscle contractions that push food to the stomach.
What is the stomach?
J-shaped muscular pouch in the abdomen. Most mechanical digestion and some chemical digestion occur in the stomach.
What is the small intestine?
The long tube in your digestive system where absorption and most chemical digestion occurs.
True or false: the small intestine is the shortest part of your digestive system.
FALSE - the small intestine is about 6 meters longer than the average car.
What is stored in the gallbladder?
Bile
