Science Chapter 3 Flashcards
Who observed cork under the microscope and saw tiny chambers he called cells
Robert Hooke
Who was the first person to observe microorganisms.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
What are the Three parts of the Cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Two Types of Microscopes.
Light and Electron Microscopes.
What type of microscope uses a beam of light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image.
light microscope.
Two types of Electron Microscopes
TEM, and SEM
What microscope uses beams of electrons focused on magnetic fields to magnify?
Electron Microscope
Beams of electrons that can only pass through extremely thin slices so images are flat and 2d.
Transmission electron microscope
A beam of electrons is scattered over the surface, so images are 3d
scanning electron microscopes
a photo of an object seen through a microscope
micrograph
small, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, single circular DNA.
Prokaryotes
Larger, has nucleus, has membrane bound organelles, includes DNA with multiple chromosomes. Ex Plants and Animals.
Eukaryotes
eukaryotic cell, doesn’t have chloroplast, has cell wall
animal cell
Small structures inside a cell that have specific functions
organelles
doesn’t have cell wall, eukaryotic, has bigger vacuole.
plant cell
Substance that wants water
hydrophilic
process where molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special membrane proteins. Protein channels only let certain things through
facilitated diffusion.
hydrophobic
doesn’t want water
Requires no energy
Passive energy
Process where particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
diffusion
Movement of water through a selected permeable membrane
osmosis
The concentration of solutes in the same inside and outside of the cell
isotonic
requires energy, moves from low to high concentration
active transport
the solution has a lower concentration of solute than the cell
hypotonic
the solution has a higher concentration than the cell
hypertonic
taking materials into the cell
endocytosis
cell release materials
exocytosis
organisms with one cell
unicellular organisms
organisms with two or more cells
multicellular organisms
Protection; regulates entrance and exit of substances; prokaryote and eukaryote; found in both animal and plant cells
cell membrane
Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System
Cells in a large organism communicate by means of chemical signals that are passed from one cell to another
is prokaryote and eukaryote; found in plant and animal cells; supports organelles; jelly made of water
cytoplasm
is a prokaryote and eukaryote; found in plant and animal cells; deals with protein synthesis
ribosome
found in eukaryote cells; found in both plant and animal cells; has ribosomes on surface.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
found in eukaryote cells; found in both animal and plant cell; helps the cell maintain its shape
cytoskeleton
found in eukaryote cells; found in both plant and animal cells; contains DNA that tells cell what to do.
nucleus
found in eukaryote cells; found in both animal and plant cells: stores nutrients
vacuole
found in eukaryote cells; found in both animal and plant cells; has no ribosomes on surface and deals with lipid synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
found in eukaryote cells; found in both plant and animal cells; packages the materials
golgi bodies
found in eukaryote cells; found in both plant and animal cells; provides cell with energy
mitochondria
found in eukaryote cells; only in animal cells; digests things
lysosome
found in eukaryote cells; only found in animal cells; aid in cell division
centrosome/centrioles
found in eukaryote cells; only found in plant cells; protection and maintains shape
cell wall
found in eukaryote cells; only found in plant cells; absorbs energy from sun
chloroplast
found in eukaryote cells; found only in plant cells; stores water
central vacuole
