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Atmosphere structure and temperature > Science chapter 18 > Flashcards

Science chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important gas in the atmospheric processes

A

Water vapor

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2
Q

What is the opposite change of state for condensation

A

Evaporation

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3
Q

What is the opposite change of state for freezing

A

Melting

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4
Q

What is the opposite state of change for Deposition

A

Sublimation

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5
Q

They heat absorbed or released during the change of state is called

A

Latient heat

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6
Q

True or false. Saturated warm air contains more water vapor than saturated cold air

A

True

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7
Q

What is the difference between humidity and relative humidity

A

humidity is the amount of water vapor in air and relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in air to the maximum amount that could be in air at that temperature and pressure

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8
Q

What is the change in relative humidity when water vapor is added

A

It increases humidity

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9
Q

What is the change in relative humidity when air temperature decreases

A

It increases humidity

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10
Q

What is a change in relative humidity when water vapor is removed

A

It decreases humidity

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11
Q

What is the change in relative humidity when air temperature increases

A

It decreases humidity

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12
Q

when a parcel of air is cooled to the temperature at which it is saturated it has reached its

A

Dew point

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13
Q

What factor that a Hygrometer is used to measure

A

Relative humidity

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14
Q

A sling psychrometer works because the amount of cooling that occurs in the wet bulb is directly proportional to the _____ of the air

A

Dryness

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15
Q

What happens when the air that has reached its dew point is cooled

A

the air’s water vapor condenses as dew fog or clouds

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16
Q

When a parcel of air is allowed to expand, it

A

Cools

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17
Q

Why does a parcel of air expand as it rises through the atmosphere

A

atmospheric pressure decreases as you go up through the atmosphere

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18
Q

True or false. The rate of heating or cooling of saturated air is the dry Adiabatic rate

A

False

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19
Q

When a parcel of air reaches its dewpoint the process of ________ begins

A

condensation

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20
Q

What are the four mechanisms that can cause air to rise

A

Orographic lifting
Frontal wedging
Convergence
Localized convective lifting

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21
Q

What causes a rain shadow desert

A

air that is blown over a mountain is cooled, generating precipitation. the air loses much of it moisture. when the air goes down the other side of the mountain, it warms making precipitation even less likely

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22
Q

What is produced when two air masses collide

A

a front

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23
Q

True or false. Localize convective lifting produces thermals that lift birds to great heights

A

True

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24
Q

A parcel of air that is less dense than the surrounding air is _______ and will tend to rise

A

Unstable

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25
Q

True or false. Unstable air tends to remain in its original position

A

False

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26
Q

What best describes a temperature inversion

A

air temperature increases with height

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27
Q

Clouds associated with lifting of _______ air often produce thunderstorms

A

unstable

28
Q

For condensation to occur air must be

A

saturated

29
Q

True or false. Above the ground tiny particles called condensation nuclei serve as surface for water vapor condensation

A

True

30
Q

Cirrus

A

High white and thin clouds

31
Q

Cumulus

A

Clouds that consist of rounded individual cloud masses

32
Q

Stratus

A

Clouds that occur as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky

33
Q

Coalescence

A

the process in which larger drops fall through clouds, collide and join together with smaller slower droplets

34
Q

Trueor false. Clouds are classified based on form and height

A

True

35
Q

The three types of ______ clouds are cirrus, cirrostratus and cirrocumulus

A

High

36
Q

How can you tell from the name of a cloud if it is a middle range cloud

A

If it has a prefix alto in the name

37
Q

Wat cloud types that have a low cloud

A

Stratus
Stratocumulus
Nimbostratus

38
Q

Define fog

A

cloud with its base at or near the ground

39
Q

True or false. Fog can be formed by cooling or by evaporation

A

true

40
Q

What must happen for precipitation to form

A

Cloud droplets must grow in volume by roughly one million times

41
Q

Formation of precipitation in cold clouds is called the _________ process

A

Bergeron

42
Q

True or false. In warm clouds, raindrops form by the Bergeron process

A

False

43
Q

Wat word describes water in the liquid state below 0c

A

Super-cooled

44
Q

What form of precipitation is small particles of ice

A

Sleet

45
Q

What form of precipitation is drops of water that fall from A cloud and have a diameter of at least 0.5mm

A

Rain

46
Q

What form of precipitation is ice pellets with multiple layers

A

Hail

47
Q

after a parcel of air rises past the condensation level, the rate of cooling decreases because of the releases of latent

A

heat

48
Q

Any form of water that falls from a cloud to the ground is considered to be

A

Precipitation

49
Q

The change of state from a solid to a liquid is called

A

Melting

50
Q

The change of state from a liquid to a gas is called

A

Evaporation

51
Q

The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called

A

Condensation

52
Q

The change of state from a liquid to a solid is called

A

Freezing

53
Q

The change of state from a solid to a gas is called

A

sublimation

54
Q

The change of state from a gas to a solid is called

A

Deposition

55
Q

Mid layered clouds that appear layered or flat are considered

A

Altostratus

56
Q

Any mid layer cloud begins with a prefix

A

Alto

57
Q

Low level clouds that produce consistent precipitation are considered

A

Nimbostratus

58
Q

Tall clouds that are associated with lightning hail damaging winds and possible tornadoes are called

A

Cumulonimbus

59
Q

The instrument used to measure relative humidity that uses two thermometers. one wet bulb and one dry bulb is called

A

Psychrometer

60
Q

The temperature to which the air must be cooled for saturation to occur is

A

Dewpoint

61
Q

When the air is saturated it’s relative humidity is

A

100%

62
Q

Hotter air can hold _______moisture than cooler air

A

More

63
Q

Air that has reached it’s maximum capacity to hold water vapor moisture is said to be

A

Saturated

64
Q

The high are you are above sea level the ______ Air pressure is in there for the ______ temperature is

A

Lower, lower

65
Q

When you expand a parcel of air with out adding heat the pressure inside ______ and therefore the temperature _______ because of _____ change in temperature

A

Drops, drops, Adiabatic

66
Q

When you expand a parcel of air by adding heat the pressure inside _______ and therefore the temperature ______ because of _______ change in temperature

A

Rises, rises, Diabatic

67
Q

If unstable air is forced to rise by the way of the convection explain what type of cloud would form and what type of weather would be associated with it

A

Cumulonimbus and thunderstorm

Atmosphere structure and temperature (4 decks)

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