Science chapter 18 Flashcards
What is the most important gas in the atmospheric processes
Water vapor
What is the opposite change of state for condensation
Evaporation
What is the opposite change of state for freezing
Melting
What is the opposite state of change for Deposition
Sublimation
They heat absorbed or released during the change of state is called
Latient heat
True or false. Saturated warm air contains more water vapor than saturated cold air
True
What is the difference between humidity and relative humidity
humidity is the amount of water vapor in air and relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in air to the maximum amount that could be in air at that temperature and pressure
What is the change in relative humidity when water vapor is added
It increases humidity
What is the change in relative humidity when air temperature decreases
It increases humidity
What is a change in relative humidity when water vapor is removed
It decreases humidity
What is the change in relative humidity when air temperature increases
It decreases humidity
when a parcel of air is cooled to the temperature at which it is saturated it has reached its
Dew point
What factor that a Hygrometer is used to measure
Relative humidity
A sling psychrometer works because the amount of cooling that occurs in the wet bulb is directly proportional to the _____ of the air
Dryness
What happens when the air that has reached its dew point is cooled
the air’s water vapor condenses as dew fog or clouds
When a parcel of air is allowed to expand, it
Cools
Why does a parcel of air expand as it rises through the atmosphere
atmospheric pressure decreases as you go up through the atmosphere
True or false. The rate of heating or cooling of saturated air is the dry Adiabatic rate
False
When a parcel of air reaches its dewpoint the process of ________ begins
condensation
What are the four mechanisms that can cause air to rise
Orographic lifting
Frontal wedging
Convergence
Localized convective lifting
What causes a rain shadow desert
air that is blown over a mountain is cooled, generating precipitation. the air loses much of it moisture. when the air goes down the other side of the mountain, it warms making precipitation even less likely
What is produced when two air masses collide
a front
True or false. Localize convective lifting produces thermals that lift birds to great heights
True
A parcel of air that is less dense than the surrounding air is _______ and will tend to rise
Unstable
True or false. Unstable air tends to remain in its original position
False
What best describes a temperature inversion
air temperature increases with height
Clouds associated with lifting of _______ air often produce thunderstorms
unstable
For condensation to occur air must be
saturated
True or false. Above the ground tiny particles called condensation nuclei serve as surface for water vapor condensation
True
Cirrus
High white and thin clouds
Cumulus
Clouds that consist of rounded individual cloud masses
Stratus
Clouds that occur as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky
Coalescence
the process in which larger drops fall through clouds, collide and join together with smaller slower droplets
Trueor false. Clouds are classified based on form and height
True
The three types of ______ clouds are cirrus, cirrostratus and cirrocumulus
High
How can you tell from the name of a cloud if it is a middle range cloud
If it has a prefix alto in the name
Wat cloud types that have a low cloud
Stratus
Stratocumulus
Nimbostratus
Define fog
cloud with its base at or near the ground
True or false. Fog can be formed by cooling or by evaporation
true
What must happen for precipitation to form
Cloud droplets must grow in volume by roughly one million times
Formation of precipitation in cold clouds is called the _________ process
Bergeron
True or false. In warm clouds, raindrops form by the Bergeron process
False
Wat word describes water in the liquid state below 0c
Super-cooled
What form of precipitation is small particles of ice
Sleet
What form of precipitation is drops of water that fall from A cloud and have a diameter of at least 0.5mm
Rain
What form of precipitation is ice pellets with multiple layers
Hail
after a parcel of air rises past the condensation level, the rate of cooling decreases because of the releases of latent
heat
Any form of water that falls from a cloud to the ground is considered to be
Precipitation
The change of state from a solid to a liquid is called
Melting
The change of state from a liquid to a gas is called
Evaporation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called
Condensation
The change of state from a liquid to a solid is called
Freezing
The change of state from a solid to a gas is called
sublimation
The change of state from a gas to a solid is called
Deposition
Mid layered clouds that appear layered or flat are considered
Altostratus
Any mid layer cloud begins with a prefix
Alto
Low level clouds that produce consistent precipitation are considered
Nimbostratus
Tall clouds that are associated with lightning hail damaging winds and possible tornadoes are called
Cumulonimbus
The instrument used to measure relative humidity that uses two thermometers. one wet bulb and one dry bulb is called
Psychrometer
The temperature to which the air must be cooled for saturation to occur is
Dewpoint
When the air is saturated it’s relative humidity is
100%
Hotter air can hold _______moisture than cooler air
More
Air that has reached it’s maximum capacity to hold water vapor moisture is said to be
Saturated
The high are you are above sea level the ______ Air pressure is in there for the ______ temperature is
Lower, lower
When you expand a parcel of air with out adding heat the pressure inside ______ and therefore the temperature _______ because of _____ change in temperature
Drops, drops, Adiabatic
When you expand a parcel of air by adding heat the pressure inside _______ and therefore the temperature ______ because of _______ change in temperature
Rises, rises, Diabatic
If unstable air is forced to rise by the way of the convection explain what type of cloud would form and what type of weather would be associated with it
Cumulonimbus and thunderstorm
