Science Chapter 11 Flashcards
process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
cell division
process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
asexual reproduction
type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
sexual reproduction
threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next
chromosome
substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
chromatin
series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
cell cycle
period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows
interphase
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
mitosis
division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
cytokinesis
first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
prophase
one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome
chromatid
region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
centromere
structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
centriole
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
metaphase
phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
telophase
one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
Growth Factor
one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
cyclin
the process of programmed cell death
apoptosis
disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth
cancer
mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
tumor
