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Abbie's Flashcards > Science Ch 5 - Water, Air, and Weather > Flashcards

Science Ch 5 - Water, Air, and Weather Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the earth’s surface is covered with water?

A

three quarters

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2
Q

What are clouds made of?

A

water and air

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3
Q

Which kind of cloud is large and puffy?

A

cumulus

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4
Q

Which kind of cloud is light and feathery?

A

cirrus

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5
Q

Which kind of cloud looks like a blanket?

A

stratus

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6
Q

Which kind of cloud sometimes forms thunderheads?

A

cumulus

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7
Q

Which kind of cloud is called fog when it is very close to earth?

A

stratus

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8
Q

Which kind of cloud is often a sign of an approaching storm?

A

cirrus

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9
Q

Which kind of cloud is made of air and ice crystals?

A

cirrus

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10
Q

Which kind of cloud usually brings light rain or snow?

A

stratus

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11
Q

Which kind of cloud usually appears during fair weather?

A

cumulus

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12
Q

What percentage of your body is water?

A

65%

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13
Q

How much water does your body need to take in each day?

A

About 1.5 litres (Abbie) or 2 litres for an adult woman

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14
Q

What happens to your blood if you do not replace the water your body loses each day?

A

The blood becomes thicker and harder for the heart to pump.

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15
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that takes up space and has weight.

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16
Q

What is a molecule?

A

the smallest piece of a substance that still has all the qualities of that substance

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17
Q

What are the particles that make up a molecule called?

A

atoms

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18
Q

What happens to molecules of water during photosynthesis?

A

They are split into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.

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19
Q

What happens to atoms of hydrogen and oxygen when your body uses food?

A

They are combined to form water.

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20
Q

In what three states does matter exist?

A

solid, liquid, and gas

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21
Q

Give an example of something in its solid, liquid, and gas states.

A

As a solid, water is ice; as a liquid, water; and as a gas, steam or water vapour.

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22
Q

Are ice, water, and steam different substances? Why or why not?

A

No. They are all different forms of the same substance.

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23
Q

Which state of matter has no shape and does not fill up a fixed amount of space?

A

a gas

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24
Q

Which state of matter has a definite shape and fills up a fixed amount of space?

A

a solid

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25
Q

Which state of matter has no shape of its own but fills up a fixed amount of space?

A

a liquid

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26
Q

List the states of matter according to the speeds of their molecules, from fastest to slowest.

A

gas, liquid, solid

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27
Q

Describe the action of molecules in a solid.

A

They vibrate very slowly.

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28
Q

What causes molecules to move more rapidly?

A

heat

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29
Q

What happens when the motion of the molecules in a solid or a liquid becomes stronger than the attraction of the molecules to each other?

A

The liquid becomes a gas and the solid becomes a liquid.

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30
Q

What is water’s melting point?

A

0 degrees Celsius (32 F)

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31
Q

What is water’s boiling point?

A

100 degrees Celsius (212 F)

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32
Q

What happens to most liquids when they become colder?

A

They contract.

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33
Q

What happens to water when it becomes colder?

A

It expands.

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34
Q

Why is this unique characteristic of water important?

A

It’s important because it causes ice to float rather than sink.

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35
Q

Why can objects heavier than water float in water?

A

surface tension

36
Q

Which state of matter is represented in the picture shown?

A

a gas

37
Q

Which state of matter is represented in the picture shown?

A

a liquid

38
Q

Which state of matter is represented in the picture shown?

A

a solid

39
Q

The ability to do work is…

A

energy

40
Q

Work is done when an object has been…

A

moved

41
Q

The force which draws things down toward the centre of the earth is…

A

gravity

42
Q

Potential energy is what kind of energy?

A

stored energy

43
Q

What supplies energy to water to make steam?

A

heat

44
Q

True or false: In order for you to lift something, you must exert less force than gravity does on that object.

A

False. You must exert more force than gravity.

45
Q

What is the layer of air surrounding the earth called?

A

the atmosphere

46
Q

In which of the three states of matter does air exist naturally?

A

gas

47
Q

Which of the gases in the air is the most plentiful?

A

nitrogen

48
Q

Why is oxygen important for people, animals, and plants?

A

They need oxygen to breathe and to create energy.

49
Q

Which gas do plants take from the air in order to make food?

A

carbon dioxide

50
Q

What keeps the blanket of air around the earth?

A

gravity

51
Q

Besides the atmosphere, where would you find air?

A

in the soil and in water

52
Q

True or false: Air is matter.

A

true

53
Q

True or false: Air weighs less than an equal amount of a solid or a liquid.

A

true

54
Q

True or false: Although solids exert pressure, liquids and gases do not.

A

false

55
Q

True or false: Air pressure at the top of a high mountain is equal to air pressure at sea level.

A

False. Air pressure decreases as you go higher into the atmosphere.

56
Q

True or false: You do not feel air pressing down on you because pressure on all sides of you is equal.

A

true

57
Q

How is air warmed?

A

by the earth

58
Q

Why is it that not every place on earth receives the same amount of heat?

A

because the earth is tilted

59
Q

How does uneven heating of the earth cause wind?

A

Uneven heating produces air that is cold and warm. As air continually heats and rises, cooler air continually flows in to take the place left by warmed air. This constant motion of the air is what causes wind.

60
Q

List three helpful things the wind does.

A
  1. helps to even out the earth’s temperature;
  2. pollinates some plants
  3. lets us know of changing weather
61
Q

List three harmful effects of the wind.

A
  1. spreads bushfires
  2. causes sandstorms
  3. causes erosion
62
Q

Why would you not want to depend on wind power for all of the electricity you need?

A

The wind does not always blow at a constant speed.

63
Q

True or false: The sun heats the air more than it does the land.

A

false

64
Q

True or false: Some of the air that we breathe does not contain water vapour.

A

False. All air contains water vapour.

65
Q

True or false: Water changes state as it travels from the earth to the air, over and over again.

A

true

66
Q

True or false: Water can be in the air as a gas or a liquid but not as a solid.

A

false

67
Q

True or false: There is always the same amount of water vapour in the air.

A

false

68
Q

True or false: Cool air can hold more water vapour than warm air.

A

false

69
Q

True or false: The process by which water becomes water vapour is called evaporation.

A

true

70
Q

True or false: Heat from the sun causes evaporation.

A

true

71
Q

True or false: Water evaporates more quickly on cool days than on hot days.

A

false

72
Q

What kind of water is always in the air?

A

water vapour

73
Q

Is warm, moist air lighter or heavier than cool air?

A

lighter

74
Q

As it rises away from the earth’s surface, warm air begins to…

A

cool

75
Q

Cool air cannot hold as much of this as warm air can.

A

water vapour

76
Q

When water vapour in the air cools and turns into tiny droplets of liquid water, what takes place?

A

condensation

77
Q

Water in the air condenses on tiny pieces of what

A

dust in the air

78
Q

Four kinds of precipitation are…

A

rain, sleet, snow, hailstones

79
Q

Water vapour that condenses on the grass at night is called…

A

dew

80
Q

Tiny crystals of ice that are made of frozen water vapour are…

A

frost

81
Q

What do we call rain that freezes into small, hard balls of ice?

A

sleet

82
Q

What are snowflakes made of?

A

frozen water vapour

83
Q

How many sides of points do snowflakes have?

A

six

84
Q

Why must you melt ten inches of snow to get one inch of water?

A

There is trapped air in the snowflakes.

85
Q

Explain how hail is formed.

A

Raindrops fall through very cold air and are frozen. The frozen raindrop is then blown back high into the cloud by a gust of wind. The frozen raindrop then falls through the cold air again, and a new layer of ice is added. This continues until the hailstone becomes too heavy to be blown back up into the cloud.

Abbie's Flashcards (16 decks)

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