Science Ch 2 (Plants) - Revision Flashcards
All living things depend on this for food.
green plants
The green colouring matter in green plants that enables them to make food is called…
chlorophyll
Name some plants whose seeds are used for food.
wheat, corn, rice, sunflower, soy-bean
Name some foods that come from the stem of the plant.
celery, rhubarb, potato
Name some foods that come from the leaf of a plant.
lettuce, spinach, cabbage, watercress
Name some foods that come from the root of the plant.
beetroot, carrot, sweet potato
Name some foods that come from the flower of the plant.
broccoli, cauliflower
Name some foods that come from the fruit of the plant.
apple, banana, berry
How does oxygen get back into the air?
Plants give off oxygen during photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make food.
Why do all living things depend on green plants for food?
Green plants are able to make food, something that no animal or human can do.
List the three main parts of a tree, shown below.
- Crown
- Trunk
- Roots
Describe the crown of the tree.
The crown is the leaves and branches. Leaves make the food for the entire plant, and you will also find flowers or fruit at certain times of the year.
Describe the trunk of a tree.
The trunk is made of woody fibres and is protected by a layer of bark.
Describe the roots of a tree.
The roots are the part below the ground that anchor the tree and absorb water and minerals.
What is an annual ring and what can it tell us?
An annual ring is the new layer of wood grown in a year. The age of the tree and the amount of rainfall of each year can be told by the annual rings.
What are the three main groups of trees?
needleleaf
broad leaf
palms
What are conifers?
Conifers are trees that bear cones.
List four kinds of needleleaf trees and explain how to tell them apart.
pines - long, thin needles that grow in bundles of two to five
hemlocks - very short, flat needles growing on little stalks, dark green tops and sides, light green underneath
fir - single needles that grow directly on the twig; cones grow up from the top of the branch
spruce - short, four-sided needles that grown in spirals on the stalk; cones grow on the bottom side of the branch pointing down
List six kinds of broadleaf trees.
oak
maple
ash
elm
walnut
willow
What does deciduous mean?
falling down
What controls the growth of a palm tree?
a bud in the centre of the crown
List four kinds of palms.
raphia (raffia)
coconut
date
sabal
Washington
What type of fruit is produced by an oak tree?
acorns
What type of fruit is produced by a maple tree?
keys
- petal
- stamen
- pistil
- sepal
Name two important jobs weeds do.
The root systems help prevent soil erosion and break up hard-packed soil.
Deep roots bring minerals that are deep in the earth up near the surface where other plants can use them.
Some are useful as medicines, dyes, or foods.
Produce seeds to feed birds.
What do you call a plant that grows where it isn’t wanted?
a weed
What are the three main parts of a seed and what job do they each do?
embryo (new plant)
stored food (nourishes the embryo)
seed coat (protects the embryo)
Why will you never get cherries from radish seeds?
God designed seeds to produce after their own kind.
Why is the stored food inside the seed important?
It must nourish the embryo until it is able to make its own food.
Why are seeds designed to travel away from the parent plant?
If they didn’t, the taller plants would take most of the sunlight, water, and minerals in that spot, and they would not grow into strong, healthy plants.
List three things that carry seeds away from the parent plant.
Any of: wind, water, animals, people
What is unique about the way in which each of the following plants scatters its seeds?
(a) tumbleweed
(b) jewelweed
(c) dandelion
(d) flax
(a) tumbleweed: as it rolls across the prairies, it scatters its seed
(b) jewelweed: when the seed capsules are slightly touched, they burst open, scattering the seeds
(c) dandelion: each seed has downy hairs which enable it to float in the breeze
(d) flax: the seeds are covered with a sticky substance which allows them to hitch a ride on a passing animal
What is a dormant seed?
One that is alive but not growing
What does germinate mean?
to sprout
What things must a seed have in order to germinate?
water
oxygen
the right temperature
What part of the seed dies when the seed germinates and why?
the seed coat; because its job is finished
Which part of the potato plant is poisonous?
leaves, sprouts, and spoiled parts
Which part of the rhubarb plant is poisonous?
leaves
Which part of the apple plant is poisonous?
seeds (in large quantities)
Which part of the tomato plant is poisonous?
leaves and stems
What is the name of the poison produced by the tobacco plant?
nicotine
What is the best way to recognise poison ivy or poison oak?
look for leaflets in groups of three
