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PAX > Science - Basic Chemistry > Flashcards

Science - Basic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is chemistry the study of?

A

matter

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2
Q

Matter

A

substance that has mass and occupies space

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3
Q

Substance

A

any material that has the same composition and properties

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4
Q

what is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element?

A

atom

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5
Q

what are the three subatomic particles that atoms have?

A

protons
neutrons
electrons

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6
Q

what is an element identified by?

A

symbol and atomic number

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7
Q

the atomic number is equal to the number of _____ found in the nucleus of each of its atoms

A

protons

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8
Q

the mass number of an atom is equal to the number of ____

A

nucleons

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9
Q

nucleons

A

protons + neutrons

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10
Q

what makes an atom neutral?

A

electrons must be equal to protons

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11
Q

how to find the number of neutrons in an atom

A

mass number - atomic number

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12
Q

atoms of the same element that contain a different number of neutrons are called _____

A

isotopes

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13
Q

what is the atomic mass

A

weighted average of the mass numbers of all naturally occurring isotopes

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14
Q

what are radioactive isotopes called?

A

radio-isotopes

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15
Q

charged atoms are called

A

ions

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16
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons found at the outermost energy level

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17
Q

octet rule

A

atoms tend to combine to try to get 8 electrons in their valence shells

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18
Q

ionic bond

A

attraction between negative and positive ions

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19
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing pairs of electrons

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20
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

equal sharing of electron pairs

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21
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequal sharing of electron pairs

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22
Q

if a molecule has a polar covalent bonds and the distribution of charge is unequal, so that the molecule has a positive and negative end, the molecule is called a

A

dipole

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23
Q

a simple substance made up of one type of atom

A

element

24
Q

substance made up of two or more different atoms bonded together

A

compound

25
Q

liquid to gas

A

evaporation

26
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

27
Q

solid to gas without liquidation

A

sublimation

28
Q

the substance that does the dissolving

A

solvent

29
Q

the substance that is being dissolved

A

solute

30
Q

tincture

A

a solution where the solvent is alcohol

31
Q

how can homogenous mixtures be separated?

A

distillation

chromatography

32
Q

liquid dispersed in another liquid in which it is not soluble

A

emulsion

33
Q

how can a heterogeneous mixture be separated?

A

filtration

34
Q

substance changing into a different substance

A

chemical change

35
Q

a change that occurs but the substance remains the same

A

physical change

36
Q

what side are the reactants on for a chemical equations

A

left

37
Q

what side are the products on for a chemical equation

A

right

38
Q

what does the law of conservation

A

matter is neither created nor destroyed

39
Q

what are the four main categories of reactions

A

synthesis or combination reactions
single replacement
double displacement
decomposition reactions

40
Q

what is a mole equal to?

A

6.02 + 10^23 particles

41
Q

two or more reactants that combine to create a new product

A

synthesis or combination reactions

42
Q

involve an element reacting with a compound.. an atom of the single element replaces an element in the compound

A

Cl^2 + 2NaBr –> 2NaCl + Br^2

single replacement reactions

43
Q

the positive ions, or metals, in each compound switch positions. Products are always salt and water.

A

double displacement reactions

44
Q

neutralization reactions

A

products are neutral

45
Q

in an aqueous reaction, acid donates

A

hydrogen ions H+

46
Q

in an aqueous reaction, base donates

A

hydroxide ions OH-

47
Q

involves one reactant that is broken down into two or more simpler products – often heat is used to drive this type of reaction

A

decomposition reactions

H2CO3 –> H2O + CO2

48
Q

what are the two things that a reaction depends on

A
  1. 2 substances must come into contact

2. enough energy has to be available (activation energy)

49
Q

what are organic compounds?

A

compounds that contain carbon

50
Q

biochemistry

A

chemistry of living things

51
Q

where is starch formed

A

plants

52
Q

where is glycogen found

A

animals

53
Q

what is a common test for starch

A

lugols solution (iodine)

54
Q

what is a common test for monosaacharides

A

benedicts solution

55
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

small units such as monosaacharides are joined to form larger molecules

PAX (12 decks)

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