Science - Basic Chemistry

Question 1

what is chemistry the study of?

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

substance that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

Substance

Answer 3

any material that has the same composition and properties

Question 4

what is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element?

Answer 4

atom

Question 5

what are the three subatomic particles that atoms have?

Answer 5

protons
neutrons
electrons

Question 6

what is an element identified by?

Answer 6

symbol and atomic number

Question 7

the atomic number is equal to the number of _____ found in the nucleus of each of its atoms

Answer 7

protons

Question 8

the mass number of an atom is equal to the number of ____

Answer 8

nucleons

Question 9

nucleons

Answer 9

protons + neutrons

Question 10

what makes an atom neutral?

Answer 10

electrons must be equal to protons

Question 11

how to find the number of neutrons in an atom

Answer 11

mass number - atomic number

Question 12

atoms of the same element that contain a different number of neutrons are called _____

Answer 12

isotopes

Question 13

what is the atomic mass

Answer 13

weighted average of the mass numbers of all naturally occurring isotopes

Question 14

what are radioactive isotopes called?

Answer 14

radio-isotopes

Question 15

charged atoms are called

Answer 15

ions

Question 16

valence electrons

Answer 16

electrons found at the outermost energy level

Question 17

octet rule

Answer 17

atoms tend to combine to try to get 8 electrons in their valence shells

Question 18

ionic bond

Answer 18

attraction between negative and positive ions

Question 19

covalent bond

Answer 19

sharing pairs of electrons

Question 20

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 20

equal sharing of electron pairs

Question 21

polar covalent bond

Answer 21

unequal sharing of electron pairs

Question 22

if a molecule has a polar covalent bonds and the distribution of charge is unequal, so that the molecule has a positive and negative end, the molecule is called a

Answer 22

dipole

Question 23

a simple substance made up of one type of atom

Answer 23

element

Question 24

substance made up of two or more different atoms bonded together

Answer 24

compound

Question 25

liquid to gas

Answer 25

evaporation

Question 26

gas to liquid

Answer 26

condensation

Question 27

solid to gas without liquidation

Answer 27

sublimation

Question 28

the substance that does the dissolving

Answer 28

solvent

Question 29

the substance that is being dissolved

Answer 29

solute

Question 30

tincture

Answer 30

a solution where the solvent is alcohol

Question 31

how can homogenous mixtures be separated?

Answer 31

distillation | chromatography

Question 32

liquid dispersed in another liquid in which it is not soluble

Answer 32

emulsion

Question 33

how can a heterogeneous mixture be separated?

Answer 33

filtration

Question 34

substance changing into a different substance

Answer 34

chemical change

Question 35

a change that occurs but the substance remains the same

Answer 35

physical change

Question 36

what side are the reactants on for a chemical equations

Answer 36

left

Question 37

what side are the products on for a chemical equation

Answer 37

right

Question 38

what does the law of conservation

Answer 38

matter is neither created nor destroyed

Question 39

what are the four main categories of reactions

Answer 39

synthesis or combination reactions single replacement double displacement decomposition reactions

Question 40

what is a mole equal to?

Answer 40

6.02 + 10^23 particles

Question 41

two or more reactants that combine to create a new product

Answer 41

synthesis or combination reactions

Question 42

involve an element reacting with a compound.. an atom of the single element replaces an element in the compound

Answer 42

Cl^2 + 2NaBr --> 2NaCl + Br^2 | single replacement reactions

Question 43

the positive ions, or metals, in each compound switch positions. Products are always salt and water.

Answer 43

double displacement reactions

Question 44

neutralization reactions

Answer 44

products are neutral

Question 45

in an aqueous reaction, acid donates

Answer 45

hydrogen ions H+

Question 46

in an aqueous reaction, base donates

Answer 46

hydroxide ions OH-

Question 47

involves one reactant that is broken down into two or more simpler products -- often heat is used to drive this type of reaction

Answer 47

decomposition reactions | H2CO3 --> H2O + CO2

Question 48

what are the two things that a reaction depends on

Answer 48

1. 2 substances must come into contact | 2. enough energy has to be available (activation energy)

Question 49

what are organic compounds?

Answer 49

compounds that contain carbon

Question 50

biochemistry

Answer 50

chemistry of living things

Question 51

where is starch formed

Answer 51

plants

Question 52

where is glycogen found

Answer 52

animals

Question 53

what is a common test for starch

Answer 53

lugols solution (iodine)

Question 54

what is a common test for monosaacharides

Answer 54

benedicts solution

Question 55

dehydration synthesis

Answer 55

small units such as monosaacharides are joined to form larger molecules