Science Atoms etc Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is an Isotope
- It is where the atoms of an element have the same number of protons but different neutrons.
- Isotopes have same atomic number different mass
eg carbon has three isotopes: carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons, carbon-13 has 7 neutrons, and carbon-14 has 8 neutrons, but all three isotopes have 6 protons in their nuclei, making them all carbon atoms.
What is a molecule
A collection of 2 or more atoms
What is a Neutron
Uncharged subatomic particle of an atom
What observations when burn magnesium
Gives off heat
Burns bright
White powder
Fast Reaction
What is a valence electron
They are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, determining its chemical properties and bonding behavior.
What is metalic bonding
- Metallic bonding occurs when a group of metal atoms share valence electrons.
- The electrons that can move freely between the metal ions.
- These shared electron makes metals good conductors of electricity and heat
What makes metal malleable
- Because electrons free to move
- When a force is applied, the free electrons help the metal atoms slide past each other without breaking the bonds.
- This allows the metal to change shape without fracturing,
What is an Ion
- Ions are charged particles.
- It is an atom that has lost or gained an electron
Where are protons found?
In the nucleus - they cannot be gained or lost
What is a covalent bond
- A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that forms when two non metal atoms share pairs of electron
- Sharing of electrons creates a strong bond that holds the atoms together to form molecules.
- They remain neutral
What are anions
- Negative Ions
Examples include chloride ions (Cl⁻), oxide ions (O²⁻), and nitride ions (N³⁻).
Where are metals and non-metals placed on the periodic table
- Metals on left
- Non metals on right
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Because they have free-moving electrons that can carry electric charge easily.
What 2 metals have most violent reaction?
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Potassium and Sodium
What 3 metals do not react?
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Copper Silver Gold
In an atom what is uncharged?
Neutron
How is the periodic table ordered?
In order of atomic number and those with similar properties /reactivity properties
If the electron arrangement is 2,8 what is the symbol. And what is the characteristic of this element/
Ne
Full outer shell of electrons
If you react magnesium with hydrochloric acid what gas will be collected
Hydrogen
If you lit hydrogen - what would you expect to happen?
Pop and red flash of light
How do you calculate the number of neutrons?
- You subtract the number of protons (which is the atomic number) from the mass number.
- The mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is an element
A substance with only one type of atom
How do the phyiscal properties of elements differ?
Boiling point, heat, electrical conductivity, solid, liquid, gas
How is Periodic Table organised
Smallest to biggest
