Science Assessment outcomes Flashcards
State reasons for classifying living things
To help us have a better connection and understanding of the concepts and to help scientists communicate with each other more clearly.
Describe the science of taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of classification
Kingdom - King
Phylum - Phil
Class - Classifies
Order - Ordinary
Family - Family’s
Genus - Generous
Species - Special
What are the five classes of vertebrates
The five classes of vertebrates are
Fish
Amphibian
Reptiles
Mammals
Birds
What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone/spine and invertebrates don’t have a spine/backbone.
What are the structural features of the plant kingdom?
The plant kingdom is made up of :
moss, fern, conifer,
flowering plants.
Identify some examples of micro organisms.
Some examples of micro - organisms can be bacteria or fungi.
What does an object have to contain matter?
Mass and volume.
What is matter made of?
Matter is made of particles and is constantly moving.
Do particle move faster or slower when they are hot?
They move faster when they are hot because they are beginning to melt and liquify.
Do particles move faster or slower when they are cold?
They move slower when they are cold because the are beginning to freeze and solidate.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid and Gas.
Describe the characteristics of living things.
To ability to move, breathe and reproduce.
Compare the properties of a solid, liquid, and Gas.
Solids have a definite shape and volume. Liquids have a definite volume. Gases have no definite volume.
Describe the physical changes that take place when particles change state
Solid - Liquid = Melting
Liquid - Solid = Freezing
Liquid - Gas = Boiling
Gas - Liquid = Condensation
Gas - Solid = Sublimation
Define the term density
Density is how much mass a substance has - how heavy it is.
How do you calculate the density of something?
Density is Mass divided by volume.
D = M/V
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a substance made up of other particles and substances.
Like:
Cake batter
Cookies
juice
Salt water
Describe the differences between pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is a substance with only one kind of particle that is natural like salt or gold.
A Mixture uses pure substances and mixes them together which no longer makes the pure substance pure.
What are Solutes, Solvents and Solutions?
Solute - The substance that is being dissolved.
Solvent - The substance that is doing the dissolving
Solution - The mixture of a solute and a solvent
Define substances as insoluble or soluble.
INSOLUBLE - A substance that cannot dissolve in a solvent.
SOLUBLE - A Substance that can fully dissolve in a solvent.
What is a dilute substance?
A dilute substance has less solute (Concentrate) than solvent (Liquid). It is a weaker substance.
What is a concentrated substance?
A Concentrated substance has more Solute (concentrate) than solvent (liquid). It is a stronger substance.
What is a Saturated Substance?
A Saturated substance is a substance that has dissolved as much solute (dissolvent) as possible.
How does sieving work?
Sieving is when Coarse particles are separated or broken up by grinding against each other or through microscopic holes.
How does Magnetic separation work?
Magnetic separation is when a magnet is used to separate dry substances like iron or metal from other dry substances like sand.
How does filtering work?
Filtering is when you separate harmful chemicals or viruses from other substances like viruses from the water you would filter it through a microscopic hole which only lets the water through.
How does Distillation work?
The process of distillation begins with heating a liquid to boiling point. The liquid evaporates, forming a vapour. The vapour is then cooled, usually by passing it through pipes or tubes at a lower temperature. The cooled vapour then condenses, forming a distillate.
How does evaporation work?
Evaporation occurs when energy (heat) forces the bonds that hold water molecules together to break. When you’re boiling water on the stove, you’re adding heat to liquid water. This added heat breaks the bonds, causing the water to shift from its liquid state to its gaseous state (water vapour), which we know as steam.
How does crystallisation work?
When a product is made as a solution, one way to separate it from the solvent is to make crystals. This involves evaporating the solution to a much smaller volume and then leaving it to cool. As the solution cools, crystals form, and these can be obtained by filtration.
What are the features of a good graph?
Having a title, axis labels, units, scale, accurate plotting, and lines of best fit
Can pure substances be separated?
No
Can mixtures be separated?
Yes.
