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Science > Science Assessment #2 > Flashcards

Science Assessment #2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does classifying mean?

A

Classifying means sorting items into groups.

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2
Q

Why do we use classification?

A

To make it easier to communicate and learn about organisms, chemicals and physical phenomenons.

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3
Q

What does classifying make it easier to do?

A

Classifying can make it easier to remember, describe and identify different things.

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4
Q

What makes something “living”?

A

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Exertion and Nutrition.

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5
Q

What does ‘Movement’ mean?

A

Move idependtly.

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6
Q

What does ‘Respiration’ mean?

A

Using oxygen to get energy from chemical reations.

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7
Q

What does ‘Sensitivity’ mean?

A

Responding to the world around them.

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8
Q

What does ‘Growth’ mean?

A

Experiencing irreversible changes in size and shape.

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9
Q

What does ‘Reproduction’ mean?

A

Producing offspring.

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10
Q

What does ‘Exertion’ mean?

A

Removing waste from yourself.

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11
Q

What does ‘Nutrition’ mean?

A

Absorbing nutrients to gain energy.

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12
Q

What is Cell Theory?

A

All living organisms are made up of cells, new cells are created by diving old cells in two, all cells are similiar but not identical.

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13
Q

What are cells?

A
  • everything is made up of at least one cell
  • not all cells are the same even in the same organisms
  • all cells are made up of organelles and each organelle serves a particular function
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14
Q

What does ‘Unicell’ mean?

A

Made up of a single cell.

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15
Q

What does ‘Multicell’ mean?

A

Made up of more than one cell.

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16
Q

What is a ‘Prokaryote’?

A

A unicellular organism that doesn’t contain any membrane bound organelles. Normally they have a cell all and a cell membrane.

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17
Q

What is a ‘Eukaryote’?

A

A unicellular or multicellular organism that contains a nucleus, cytoplasm and membrane.

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18
Q

What categories can eukaryotes be broken into?

A

Animals, plants, fungus and protists.

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19
Q

What is an Animal cell?

A

An animal cell contains multiple small vacuoles, enclosed by a cell membrane, blob-like shape and is multicellular.

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20
Q

What is a Plant cell?

A

A plant cell contains one large vacuole, enclosed by a cell wall and a cell membrane, somewhat rectangular and is multicellular.

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21
Q

What is a Fungus cell?

A

A fungus cell can contain one or more vacuoles, enclosed by a cell wall and membrane, usually multicellular but can be unicellular.

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22
Q

What is a Protist cell?

A

A protist cell can contain one or more vacuoles, have a cell wall and cell membrane and is a multicellular organism.

23
Q

True or False?
Every organelle serves a function for the cell.

A

True

24
Q

True or False?
A unicellular organism is made up of a single cell.

A

True

25
Q

True or False?
A multicellular organism can be made up of a single cell.

A

False

26
Q

True or False?
Cells are made up of organelles.

A

True

27
Q

What is external respiration?

A

External respiration is breathing or the ability to connect oxygen to all the cells in need and then expel carbon dioxide produced by the organisms.

28
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cellular Respiration is how individual cells get oxygen to produce energy. They combine glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water to produce energy.

29
Q

How does oxygen enter organisms?

A

By passing through the cell membrane.

30
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

To keep the contents of a cell in and the th9ings it doesn’t need out.

31
Q

What is the proccess called diffusion?

A

Certain molecules can pass trhough the membrane that help the cell.

32
Q

How do multicellular creatures get glucose?

A

Buy ingesting it. The food is then broken down and digested. Then the chemicals are passed through into the blood stream and transported to where they are needed in th body.

33
Q

How do fungi obtain glucose?

A

By releasing chemicals through their cell membrane that breaks down substances then absorb the products back through the membrane.

34
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is how plants produce glucose. They use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

35
Q

Is carbin dioxdie useful for organisms?

A

NO

36
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis occurs during eurakotic cells adn the new cells are identical to the original cell.

37
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Binary fission occurs in prokayote cells, the genetic material is dupicated amd the nucleoid is split in two.

38
Q

What are the stages of binary fission?

A
  1. Parent Cell
  2. Replication of DNA
  3. Segregation of DNA
  4. Cell splitting in two
39
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Meiosis occurs for multicellular organisms and is the first step in sexual reproduction. It produces 4 new cells from 1 parent cell. Each cell produced has half as many chromosones as the parent cell.

40
Q

What are the 8 Taxonomic Ranks?

A

Domian, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.

41
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Archea - prokaryotes that are more closely related to plants and animals than bacteria, Bacteria - true bacteria and Eukarya - all eukaryotic organisms.

42
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Animalia, Plantoe, Fungi, Protista , Monera

43
Q

What are the key points of Animalia?

A

multicellular, needs food

44
Q

What are the key points of Plantoe?

A

multicellular eukaryotes, uses photosynthesis

45
Q

What are the key points of Fungi?

A

unicellular or multicellular, absorb nutrients by breaking down materials with chemicals, cell walls made of chitin

46
Q

What are the key points of Protista?

A

eat food, some have cell walls some have none

47
Q

What are the key points of Monera?

A

prokaryotes, use all types of eating, ones that synthesise have chlorophyl not chloroplasts

48
Q

What are the structual features?

A

Symmetry (bilateral, radial, asymmetric), prensence of spinal cord ( vertabraes have a spinal cords and invertabraes don’t), type of skeleton (endoskeleton or exoskeleton), number of legs, body segmentation.

49
Q

What are the classes in Chorodata?

A

Amphibia, mammalia, reptilia

50
Q

What are the classes in Athrapod?

A

Arachnids, crustacean, insects, myriapoda

51
Q

What are the classes in Echinodata?

A

Asterioda, holothuriudea, ophiuroidea

52
Q

What are the classes in Mollusca?

A

Biualia, cephalopoda, gastropoda

53
Q

Other classes are?

A

Cindarians, platyhelminthes, nematodes, annelids

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