Science and the Scientific Method

Question 1

the intellectual and practical study encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment

Answer 1

science

Question 2

what is science?

Answer 2

perspective, practice, institution

Question 3

science begins based on?

Answer 3

assumptions

Question 4

science is static and perfect. true or false? why?

Answer 4

false, because explanations for phenomena are limited and because we begin with assumptions

Question 5

can be experienced through our senses

Answer 5

phenomenon

Question 6

cant be observed through our senses & perception; things beyond the scientific realm

Answer 6

noumenon

Question 7

science is a social exercise. true or false? why?

Answer 7

true, because we exchange knowledge, share information, and work with/for others

Question 8

does science have limits? why do you say so?

Answer 8

yes, it cant explain noumena and it should have ethical limits

Question 9

• critical thinking, coupled with a healthy skepticism
• collective wisdom
• based on the principles of the practice

Answer 9

scientific thinking

Question 10

• disregards logic & methodology
• unable to criticize and accept criticism
• rejects different perspectives
• inflexible

Answer 10

unscientific thinking

Question 11

what are the goals of science?

Answer 11

predict, control, understand, explain (P CUE)

Question 12

the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances

Answer 12

chemistry

Question 13

the study of matter and its properties, the changes that it undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes

Answer 13

chemistry

Question 14

method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis

Answer 14

scientific method

Question 15

principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypothesis

Answer 15

scientific method

Question 16

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation

Answer 16

hypothesis

Question 17

a testable proposal made to explain an observation; if inconsistent with experimental results, a hypothesis is revised or discarded

Answer 17

hypothesis

Question 18

a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a behavior or a relation that seems always to be the same under the same conditions

Answer 18

law

Question 19

a well-tested, unifying principle that explains a body of facts and the laws based on them. it is capable of suggesting new hypotheses that can be tested experimentally

Answer 19

theory

Question 20

what is the scientific method?

Answer 20

observe - question - hypothesis - experiment - analysis - conclusion

Question 21

limits of the scientific method

Answer 21

• perception precede understanding, understanding leads to acceptance
• assumptions help us deal with uncertainty
• discovery lies somewhere between hypothesis and serendipity
• inventions and discoveries are built on the little things that, when brought together, make sense

Question 22

categories of scientific investigations

Answer 22

observational investigation, controlled what-if experiment, explanation-seeking experiment, modeling what-if experiment, problem-solving approach

Question 23

dilemmas and integrity in science

Answer 23

• experimental results should be reproducible, should be reported in scientific literature in sufficient detail
• conclusions should be reasonable and unbiased
• give credit where its due