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CHEMLec > Atomic Models > Flashcards

Atomic Models Flashcards

1
Q

the smallest particle of a given element

A

atom

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2
Q

derived the word atomos

A

Democritus

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3
Q

how did Democritus arrive at atomos?

A

through ideological and philosophical reasoning on the existence of atoms with his teacher while they were walking along the Agean Sea

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4
Q

who came up with the first theory of atoms?

A

Democritus

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5
Q

according to Democritus, atoms differ…

A

in size, shape, and arrangement in space

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6
Q

he is considered the Father of Modern Chemistry

A

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

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7
Q

what law did Antoine Lavoisier establish?

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

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8
Q

what does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

A

matter is neither created nor destroyed

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9
Q

what is the basis for many chemical reactions?

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

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10
Q

Antoine Lavoisier observed that matter…

A

is conserved (in his experiments)

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11
Q

he established the Law of Definite Proportions

A

Joseph Louis Proust

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12
Q

what does the Law of Definite Proportions state?

A

any chemical compound will always contain the same ratio of elements by mass

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13
Q

one of Proust’s experiments was on…

A

malachite (basic copper carbonate)

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14
Q

established the Atomic Theory of Matter

A

John Dalton

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15
Q

what does the Atomic Theory of Matter state?

A

each element is composed of unique type of atom which can combine in different ratios to form different compounds

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16
Q

state the 5 points of the Atomic Theory of Matter

A
  1. Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms
  2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties
  3. Atoms can be subdivided, created, or destroyed
  4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds
  5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged
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17
Q

he invented the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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18
Q

what is Mendeleev’s contribution?

A

arranged elements and predicted the existence of undiscovered elements

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19
Q

how did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the periodic table?

A

in increasing atomic mass, and placing elements with similar chemical properties in the same column

20
Q

he discovered anode rays

A

Eugen Goldstein

21
Q

what did Goldstein experiment with?

A

gas discharge tubes that had perforated cathodes

22
Q

aside from anode rays, what else did Goldstein discover?

A

positively charged entities

23
Q

what was the first subatomic particle to be discovered?

A

the electron

24
Q

who discovered the electron?

A

Joseph John Thomson

25
Q

how did Thomson discover the electron?

A

through his cathode ray tube experiments

26
Q

Thomson was able to calculate for…

A

the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron

27
Q

the only winner of a Nobel Prize in Physics among the scientists in the lesson

A

Joseph John Thomson

28
Q

what was the atomic model that Thomson created?

A

plum pudding model

29
Q

what did the plum pudding model say about the atom?

A

atoms have overall neutral charge so there must be a source for both positive and negative charges

30
Q

how did Thomson describe the atom?

A

negative particles floating within a sea of diffuse positive charge

31
Q

who determined the charge of the electron, and consequently, its mass?

A

Robert Millikan

32
Q

Millikan calculated for…

A

the individual numbers of mass and charge

33
Q

according to Millikan, what is the charge of an electron?

A

1.602x10^-19C

34
Q

what is the weight of the oil droplet in Millikan’s experiment?

A

Fw=mg

35
Q

Millikan won a Nobel Prize in…

A

Physics

36
Q

he proposed the nuclear atom theory as evidenced by the alpha particle scattering in his experiment

A

Ernest Rutherford

37
Q

what was Rutherford’s experiment?

A

shot a beam of alpha particles through a thing gold foil

38
Q

through his experiment, what did Rutherford conclude?

A

all positive charge and nearly all the mass of an atom are concentrated at the center of the atom in a tiny core = THE NUCLEUS!

39
Q

what is the atomic model of Rutherford called?

A

nuclear model

40
Q

Rutherford won the Nobel Prize in…

A

chemistry

41
Q

he improved Rutherford’s Model

A

Niels Bohr

42
Q

how did Bohr improve Rutherford’s model?

A

considered the inconsistencies in the classical mechanics

43
Q

what did Rutherford suggest?

A

that energy of the electron is quantized

44
Q

what is quantum?

A

tiny unit of energy which value depends on frequency

45
Q

Bohr won a Nobel Prize in…

A

physics

46
Q

what was Bohr’s atomic model called?

A

planetary model

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