SCIENCE AND TECH Flashcards

Question

REVISED PHARMA MANUFACTURING RULES UNDER SCHEDULE M OF THE DRUGS AND COSMETICS RULE ,1945 BY MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE. WHAT IS THE DEADLINE TO OBTAIN WHO-GMP (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION- GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES) ACCREDITATION? WHAT IS THE TIME GIVEN TO IMPLEMENT THESE RULES?

Answer 1

THE MINISTRY PROVIDED A 6 MONTH DEADLINE FOR SMALL MANUFACTURERS AND 12 MONTHS FOR LARGE UNITS TO OBTAIN THEIR WHO-GMP ACCREDITATION. MEDIUM AND SMALL MANUFACTURERS WITH AN ANNUAL TURNOVER OF LESS THAN RS 250 CRORE WILL HAVE TO IMPLEMENT THE REVISED RULES WITHIN 12 MONTHS FROM ITS PUBLICATION DATE, WHEREAS LARGE MANUFACTURERS WITH AN ANNUAL TURNOVER OF OVER RS 250 CRORE WILL BE GIVEN 6 MONTHS.

Answer 2

THE NEW CATEGORIES (NOT COVERED UNDER PREVIOUS RULES) INCLUDE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUCH AS SEX HORMONES, STEROIDS (ANABOLIC AND ANDROGENIC), CYTOTOXIC SUBSTANCES, BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, RADIO PHARMACEUTICALS, PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS, AND INVESTIGATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS.

Answer 3

1 MAURITIUS 2 ALGERIA 3 CABO VERDE (ATLANTIC OCEAN)(RECENTLY DECLARED).

Answer 4

VACCINE FOR NIPAH-B VIRUS.

Answer 5

INDIGENOUS COW BREED NATIVE TO PUNGANUR, VAYALAPADU, MADNAPALLI AND PALAMANEER TALUKAS OF CHITOOR DISTRICT IN RAYALASEEMA REGION OF SOUTHERN ANDHRA PRADESH. IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE WORLD'S SMALLEST HUMPED CATTLE.

Answer 6

AN URBAN MINE IS THE STOCKPILE OF RARE METALS IN THE DISCARDED WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) OF A SOCIETY. URBAN MINING IS THE PROCESS OF RECOVERING THESE RARE METALS THROUGH MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS.

Answer 7

INDIA’S 1ST INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED HEPATITIS A VACCINE. DEVELOPED BY INDIAN IMMUNOLOGICALS LIMITED (IIL). IIL IS A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF NATIONAL DAIRY DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NDDB).

Answer 8

ZOMBIE VIRUSES ARE VIRUSES THAT REMAINED DORMANT SINCE PREHISTORICAL TIMES. MELTING OF PERMAFROST HAS REVIVED THESE PATHOGENS.

Answer 9

A GOLDEN TIGER ALSO CALLED TABBY TIGER OR STRAWBERRY TIGER IS A TIGER WITH A COLOR VARIATION CAUSED BY A RECESSIVE GENE. THEIR RARE SKIN TONE IS A RESULT OF EXCESSIVE INBREEDING.

Answer 10

INBREEDING IS DEFINED AS THE PROBABILITY OF TWO ALLELES IN AN INDIVIDUAL BEING IDENTICAL BY DECENT AND IS NORMALLY THE RESULT OF MATING RELATED INDIVIDUALS, IT CAN INCREASE THE CHANCES OF OFFSPRING BEING AFFECTED BY DELETERIOUS OR RECESSIVE TRAITS.

Answer 11

THE YELLOW SKIN OF TIGERS IS CONTROLLED BY A SET OF AGOUTI GENES WHILE THE BLACK STRIPES ARE CONTROLLED BY TABBY GENES AND THEIR ALLELES. SUPPRESSION OF ANY OF THESE GENES MAY LEAD TO COLOUR VARIATION IN A TIGER.

Answer 12

1 DAPSONE 2 RIFAMPICIN 3 CLOFAZIMINE

Answer 13

HANSEN'S DISEASE.

Answer 14

IT IS DIFFERENT FROM MELANISM. IN PSEUDO MELANISM THERE IS A SINGLE MUTATION IN TRANS MEMBRANE AMINOPEPTIDASE Q (TAQPEP).

Answer 15

JEREZO CRATER.

Answer 16

BLEACHING OF THE WHEAT CAUSED BY PLANT FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE. ALSO INFECTS OTHER GRASSES INCLUDING BARLEY, LOLIUM, RICE AND WHEAT. PRESENCE OF DARK GREY SPORES. FUNGUS IS RESISTANT TO FUNGICIDE SO HAVE TO BURN THE CROP.

Answer 17

NFT IS A DIGITAL ASSET THAT REPRESENTS OWNERSHIP OR PROOF OF AUTHENTICITY FOR A SPECIFIC ITEM, OFTEN IN THE FORM OF DIGITAL ART, MUSIC, VIDEOS OR OTHER DIGITAL CONTENT.

Answer 18

NFTs OPERATE ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY, WHICH IS SECURE, CANNOT BE DUPLICATED OR FORGED AND TRANSPARENT DIGITAL LEDGER.

Answer 19

EACH NFT IS ASSIGNED A UNIQUE AND UNCHANGEABLE CODE STORED ON THE BLOCKCHAIN, PROVIDING A CLEAR RECORD OF OWNERSHIP AND VERIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE ASSOCIATED DIGITAL ASSET.

Answer 20

1. _UNIQUENESS_-EACH NFT IS DISTINCT, MAKING IT DIFFERENT FROM ANY OTHER TOKEN. 2. _INDIVISIBILITY_- NFTs CANNOT BE DIVIDED INTO SMALLER UNITS. THEY EXIST AS WHOLE TOKENS, CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR SCARCITY. 3. _OWNERSHIP AND AUTHENTICITY_- NFTs SERVE AS DIGITAL CERTIFICATES OF OWNERSHIP, PROVING THAT THE HOLDER IS THE LEGITIMATE OWNER OF THE ASSOCIATED DIGITAL CONTENT. 4. _SMART CONTRACTS_- MANY NFTs UTILIZE SMALL CONTRACTS, SELF EXECUTING CONTRACTS WITH THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT DIRECTLY WRITTEN INTO CODE.

Answer 21

NON FUNGIBILITY REFERS TO THE UNIQUE AND DISTINCT NATURE OF AN ASSET OR ITEM THAT CANNOT BE READILY EXCHANGED ON A ONE TO ONE BASIS WITH ANOTHER ITEM OF THE SAME TYPE. EXAMPLE, A PLANE SEAT IS UNIQUE- IT SPECIFIES A SPECIFIC SEAT IN A PARTICULAR FLIGHT, AT A SPECIFIC TIME.

Answer 22

WEB3 IS AN IDEA FOR A NEW ITERATION OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB WHICH INCORPORATES CONCEPTS SUCH AS DECENTRALIZATION, BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES AND TOKEN BASED ECONOMICS.

Answer 23

ERGOSPHERE IS THE REGION IN BETWEEN THE EVENT HORIZON AND THE STATIONARY LIMIT. IT IS POSSIBLE TO GET ENERGY AND EVEN MASS FROM THE ERGOSPHERE BUT NOT FROM BEYOND THE EVENT HORIZON

Answer 24

THEY ARE CRISPR- BASED GENE THERAPIES FOR SICKLE CELL ANEMIA AND BETA THALASSEMIA. CASGEVY THERAPY- IT USES THE PATIENT BLOOD STEM CELLS WHICH ARE PRECISELY EDITED USING CRISPR-CAS9. IT TARGETS BCL11A. LYFGENIA THERAPY- IT USES A VIRAL ENVELOPE TO DELIVER A HEALTHY HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCING GENE.

Answer 25

LAUNCHED BY PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. DEVELOPED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME RESEARCH (NIPGR). AIM- TO CREATE A UNIFIED PLATFORM FOR INDIAN WOMEN AND GIRLS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS AND MEDICINE (STEMM).

Answer 26

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE THAT CAN CONVERT TEXTS TO VIDEOS.

Answer 27

1 WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI. 2 BRUGIA MALAYI. 3 BRUGIA TIMORI.

Answer 28

ALSO KNOWN AS EMPAGLIFLOZIN IS AN ANTI DIABETIC DRUG WHICH IS USED IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.

Answer 29

BETWEEN 1346 AND 1353, THE BUBONIC PLAGUE KILLED AS MANY AS 50 MILLION IN EUROPE IN WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE BLACK DEATH.

Answer 30

YERSINIA PESTIS- A ZOONOTIC BACTERIA.

Answer 31

ACCORDING TO CDC ONLY THE PNEUMONIC PLAGUE CAN BE SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON BY INHALING INFECTIOUS DROPLETS. SEPTICAEMIC PLAGUE AND BUBONIC PLAGUE (AFFECTS LYMPH NODES) DOES NOT SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON.

Answer 32

GSLV ROCKET IS CALLED NAUGHTY BOY DUE TO MULTIPLE FAILURES.

Answer 33

NASA'S LUNAR SPACECRAFT.

Answer 34

NANOPLASTIC- LESS THAN 100 NANOMETER. MICROPLASTIC- RANGE FROM 100 NANOMETER TO 5 MILLIMETERS.

Answer 35

FIXED BY THE CABINET COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC AFFAIRS ON THE BASIS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES (CACP).

Answer 36

SCNOMBERGER CRATER.

Answer 37

A RARE CONGENITAL DISORDER THAT AFFECTS THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND CAN CAUSE INFERTILITY.

Answer 38

● IN CASE WHEN THE DISTRICT MEDICAL BOARD CERTIFIES THAT EITHER HUSBAND OR WIFE CONSTITUTING THE INTENDING COUPLE SUFFERS FROM MEDICAL CONDITIONS NECESSITATING USE OF DONOR GAMETE, THEN SURROGACY IS ALLOWED. ● WHILE THE RELAXATION IS FOR INTENDING COUPLE THE NOTIFICATION SAID THAT IF A DIVORCED OR WIDOWED WOMEN OPTS FOR SURROGACY, THE EGG HAS TO COME FROM THE MOTHER: SINGLE WOMEN (WIDOW OR DIVORCE) UNDERGOING SURROGACY MUST USE SELF EGGS AND DONOR SPERMS TO AVAIL SURROGACY PROCEDURE.

Answer 39

PRIOR TO THE MARCH 2023 NOTIFICATION- WHICH INSISTED ON THE USE OF BOTH EGGS AND SPERMS FROM THE INTENDING COUPLE- SURROGACY RULES ALLOWED THE USE OF DONOR EGGS, BUT NOT SPERM. EXPERTS SAID THAT THE NEW AMENDMENT WILL KEEP THE SURROGACY OPEN TO OLDER WOMEN AS WELL AS THOSE WHO CANNOT PRODUCE EGGS BECAUSE OF CERTAIN MEDICAL CONDITIONS.

Answer 40

THE INDIC AI MODEL WHICH CAN COMMUNICATE IN 11 INDIAN LANGUAGES.

Answer 41

THE CE-20 IS A CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINE DEVELOPED BY THE LIQUID PROPULSION SYSTEMS CENTRE (LPSC), A SUBSIDIARY OF THE INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION (ISRO). IT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO POWER THE UPPER STAGE OF THE LVM3.

Answer 42

GENIE IS A NEW GENERATIVE AI (GenAI) MODEL THAT CAN CREATE AN INTERACTIVE VIDEO GAMES FROM JUST A TEXT OR IMAGE PROMPT.

Answer 43

CARDIAC MYOSIN BINDING PROTEIN C. ITS MUTATION CAN LEAD TO CARDIAC ARREST AT YOUNG AGE. FOUND IN 4.5% OF THE INDIAN POPULATION BUT IS RARE GLOBALLY.

Answer 44

LAMB3 IS A GENE THAT ENCODES A PROTEIN LAMININ SUBUNIT BETA-3. ITS MUTATION CAUSE LETHAL SKIN DISEASE.

Answer 45

KULASEKARAPATTINAM (TAMIL NADU). 1ST ONE IS SRIHARIKOTA (ANDHRA PRADESH).

Answer 46

COSMODROME OR A SPACEPORT IS A SITE FOR LAUNCHING OR RECEIVING SPACECRAFT, BY ANALOGY TO A SEAPORT FOR SHIPS OR AN AIRPORT FOR AIRCRAFT.

Answer 47

SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM SRIHARIKOTA HAD TO OVERFLY SRI LANKA LEADING TO BURNING OF MORE FUEL. THIS WILL NOT BE FACED IN KULASEKARAPATTINAM.

Answer 48

IN ADDITION TO GENETIC FACTORS, ADVERSE INTRAUTERINE EXPERIENCES INCREASE THE RISK OF FUTURE DISEASE. THIS TYPE OF INHERITANCE IS CALLED EPIGENETIC AND ACTS BY INFLUENCING THE EXPRESSION OF GENES RATHER THAN CHANGING THE SEQUENCE OF DNA.

Answer 49

WEIGHT LOSING DRUGS.

Answer 50

MULTIPLE INDEPENDENTLY TARGET-ABLE RE ENTRY VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IS THE CAPABILITY THAT ALLOWS MULTIPLE WARHEADS TO BE LOADED ON A SINGLE MISSILE DELIVERY SYSTEM AND PROGRAMMED TO HIT DIFFERENT TARGETS, THUS GREATLY ENHANCING THE MISSILE'S DESTRUCTIVE POTENTIAL. INDIA HAS TESTED AN AGNI-5 EQUIPPED WITH MIRV TECHNOLOGY.

Answer 51

ABABEEL MISSILE OR THE ABABEEL WEAPON SYSTEM IS AN MIRV (MULTIPLE INDEPENDENTLY TARGET-ABLE RE-ENTRY VEHICLE) SURFACE-TO-SURFACE MEDIUM-RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILE DEVELOPED BY PAKISTAN.

Answer 52

MINISTERS OF HEALTH FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST BURDEN OF MALARIA RECENTLY SIGNED THE YAOUNDE DECLARATION WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF **ENDING MALARIA**.

Answer 53

WORLD'S 1ST AI SOFTWARE ENGINEER.

Answer 54

CORE LOADING REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF PLACING NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLIES INSIDE THE CORE OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR. THE COMPLETION OF CORE LOADING AT THE KALPAKKAM FAST BREEDER REACTOR WILL EFFECTIVELY MARK THE FIRST APPROACH TO CRITICALITY- THE INITIATION OF A SELF SUSTAINING NUCLEAR FISSION REACTION THAT WILL EVENTUALLY LEAD TO THE GENERATION OF POWER BY THE 500 MEGAWATT ELECTRIC (MWe) FBR.

Answer 55

NUCLEAR FUELS ARE CLASSIFIED AS 1. _FISSILE_- **U233, U235, Pu239**. 2. _FERTILE_-**U238, Th232**. - FISSILE ISOTOPES CAN BE DIRECTLY USED AS NUCLEAR FUEL. - FERTILE ISOTOPES NEED TO BE CONVERTED INTO FISSILE BEFORE THEY CAN BE USED. U235 IS THE ONLY FISSILE ISOTOPE THAT OCCURS IN NATURE.

Answer 56

1. PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTORS BURN U235 AND ALSO CONVERT FERTILE U238 TO Pu239. THIS PLUTONIUM IS USED IN FAST BREEDER REACTORS AS FUEL TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. 2. FAST REACTORES- PRODUCE MORE FUEL THAN THEY CONSUME. THEY ALSO AID IN THE CONVERSION OF FERTILE Th232 INTO FISSILE U233, WHICH CAN BE USED TO FUEL SUBSEQUENT REACTORS.

Answer 57

NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION INVOLVES THE CONVERSION OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT OR ISOTOPE INTO ANOTHER CHEMICAL ELEMENT, WITH THE NUMBERS OF PROTONS OR NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM UNDERGOING A CHANGE.

Answer 58

1. STAGE 1- PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTORS USE NATURAL URANIUM BASED FUELS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY, WHILE PRODUCING FISSILE Pu239, WHICH CAN BE EXTRACTED BY REPROCESSING THE SPENT FUEL. 2. STAGE 2- FAST BREEDER REACTORS OF THE KIND AT KALAPAKKAM, USING Pu BASED FUELS, CAN ENHANCE NUCLEAR POWER CAPACITY, AND CONVERT FERTILE THORIUM INTO FISSILE URANIUM (U233). 3. STAGE 3- U233 PRODUCED IN THE SECOND STAGE CAN BE USED FOR THE THIRD STAGE OF THE POWER PROGRAMME, WHICH CONSISTS OF ADVANCED THERMAL AND FAST BREEDER REACTORS, FOR LONG TERM ENERGY SECURITY. IN ADDITION, FISSILE ISOTOPES CAN BE PRODUCED BY ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SUBCRITICAL REACTOR (ADS) SYSTEMS.

Answer 59

Borrelia bacteria.

Answer 60

It refers to 'Space-borne Assistant and Knowledge Hub for Crew Interaction' (SAKHI). It will help astronauts on Gaganyaan space flight mission.

Answer 61

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), an ISRO Facility at Thumba, Thiruvanathapuram.

Answer 62

- These refers to cryptocurrencies that are specifically developed to fuel AI-based projects, applications, and services. - These tokens serve either as a means of payment for transactions on the AI platform or as a way of conferring governance rights to holders. - Some Examples of AI Tokens: Scotty the AI, eTukTuk, Nosana, and Artificial Liquid Intelligence - An ecosystem built to enhance AI ownership.

Answer 63

Pairs of stars that formed within the same interstellar cloud of gas and dust called co-natal stars giving them the same chemical makeup and roughly equal mass and age. These are the "twins."While the pairs are moving together in the same direction within our Milky Way galaxy, they are not binary systems of two stars gravitationally bound to each other.

Answer 64

1. Dukoral 2. Shanchol 3. Euvichol-Plus.

Answer 65

A Global Laboratory To Monitor Emerging Coronavirus.

Answer 66

- They are two ancient streams of stars discovered by European Space Agency Gaia. - They are among the earliest building blocks of Milky way galaxy. - Shakti and Shiva share similarities, they are not identical.

Answer 67

- It is an astronomical observatory mission. 1. Goal– to create the largest, most precise three dimensional map of the Milky Way by surveying about 1% of the galaxy's 100 billion stars, mapping their motions, luminosity, temperature and composition. This huge stellar census will provide detailed insights about the origin, structure and evolutionary history of our galaxy. 2. Agency– European Space Agency. 3. Launched in– 2013 & positioned in Sun-Earth L2 lagrange Point.

Answer 68

Atoms4NetZero is an International Atomic Energy Agency initiative that supports efforts by Member States to harness the power of nuclear energy in the transition to net zero.

Answer 69

The Evershed effect, named after the British astronomer John Evershed, is the radial flow of gas across the photospheric surface of the penumbra of sunspots from the inner border with the umbra towards the outer edge.

Answer 70

Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (Tamil Nadu) was the first to confirm the Evershed effect in 1909— the radial motion in sunspots.

Answer 71

On Jupiter's moon Callisto.

Answer 72

S.A.R.A.H - A Smart AI Resource Assistant for Health is an Generative AI based digital health model with temporary supported by Soul Machines Biological AI.

Answer 73

Probing Reionization of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen. To study the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization and spot signals from the Dark Ages (which would be essentially free from the influence of any starlight). It is a future radiometer in lunar orbit.

Answer 74

Raman Research Institute (RRI) in collaboration with ISRO.

Answer 75

It is a period in cosmology, when the first sources of radiation (such as stars and galaxies) first formed.

Answer 76

It is the duration over which the radiation from the Cosmic Dawn re-ionized most of the Hydrogen atoms to once again result in mostly protons and electrons.

Answer 77

- Lunar Surface Electromagnetic Experiment (LuSEE Night)- It is a joint NASA Berkeley Lab project, scheduled for launch in December 2025. - Agronaut by European Space Agency by 2030.

Answer 78

ISRO attained a significant milestone in space debris reduction by repurposing the last stage i.e. 4th stage of the PSLV, into the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-3 (POEM-3), effectively transforming it into an orbital station.

Answer 79

- Two large stars residing inside a spectacular cloud of gas and dust nicknamed the "Dragon's Egg" nebula have presented a puzzle to astronomers. - One of them has a magnetic field, as does our sun. Its companion does not. Moreover, such massive stars are not usually associated with nebulae. - The Dragon's Egg is so named because it is located relatively near a larger nebula complex called the 'Fighting Dragons of Ara'.

Answer 80

Llama or Large Language Model Meta AI is a family of LLMs introduced by META AI. All these are open source AIs.

Answer 81

NASA's mission with its Quad Rotorcraft to Saturn's organic rich moon Titan.

Answer 82

- It is a Meteor shower seen in May every year (best visible in Indonesia and Australia), visible by naked eye. - It is formed when Earth passes through the orbital plane of the famous Halley's Comet, which takes about 76 years to orbit the Sun once. - Seems to originate from the Aquarius constellation– hence 'Eta Aquariid'. - In Northern Hemisphere, Eta Aquariid meteors most often appear as Earthgazers– long meteors which appear to skim the surface of the Earth. - In the South, however, they can be seen higher up in the sky, and hence are more visible.

Answer 83

1. Eta Aquariid 2. Orionids

Answer 84

- Also known as CST-100 (crew space transportation). - Has two modules– Crew module (can be reused 10 times) and the Service module (which can't be reused). - Objective– to test how well Starliner performs in space with astronauts on boards.