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CURRENT AFFAIRS 2024 > ENVIRONMENT > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENT Flashcards

1
Q

PROTECTION STATUS OF CHEETAH?

A

WPA- SCHEDULE 1
IUCN- AFRICAN CHEETAH (VULNERABLE)
ASIATIC CHEETAH CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
CITES- APPENDIX 1

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2
Q

NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL COMPOSITION?

A

IT COMPRISES THREE MAJOR BODIES:- THE CHAIRPERSON, THE JUDICIAL MEMBERS AND THE EXPERT MEMBERS.
ALL THESE NGT MEMBERS ARE REQUIRED TO HOLD THE OFFICE FOR FIVE YEARS AND ARE NOT ELIGIBLE FOR REAPPOINTMENT.

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3
Q

SNOW LEOPARDS HABITAT COUNTRIES?

A

KUMBACK PRINT
1 KAZAKHSTAN 🇰🇿
2 UZBEKISTAN 🇺🇿
3 MONGOLIA 🇲🇳
4 BHUTAN 🇧🇹
5 AFGHANISTAN 🇦🇫
6 CHINA 🇨🇳
7 KYRGYZSTAN 🇰🇬
8 PAKISTAN 🇵🇰
9 RUSSIA 🇷🇺
10 INDIA 🇮🇳
11 NEPAL 🇳🇵
12 TAJIKISTAN 🇹🇯

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4
Q

WHAT IS ONE NATION ONE PASS?
IT IS LAUNCHED BY?

A

ALSO KNOWN AS THE NATIONAL TRANSIT PASS SYSTEM (NTPS) LAUNCHED BY THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND LABOUR EMPLOYMENT TO FACILITATE THE SEAMLESS TRANSIT OF TIMBER, BAMBOO, AND OTHER FOREST PRODUCE ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

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5
Q

WITH REFERENCE TO THE NATIONAL TRANSIT PASS SYSTEM (NTPS), CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS:
1. THE NTPS WILL FACILITATE THE SEAMLESS TRANSIT OF TIMBER, BAMBOO, AND OTHER FOREST PRODUCE ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
2. THE TRANSIT PERMITS GENERATED UNDER NTPS WILL ALLOW CHECK GATES ACROSS VARIOUS STATES TO VERIFY THE VALIDITY OF THE PERMITS AND ALLOW SEAMLESS TRANSIT.
3. TRANSIT PERMITS WILL BE ISSUED FOR TREE SPECIES WHICH ARE REGULATED, WHILE THE USERS CAN SELF-GENERATE NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATES FOR EXEMPTED SPECIES.

A

ALL ARE TRUE.

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6
Q

PROTECTION STATUS OF POLAR BEAR?

A

IUCN- VULNERABLE.

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7
Q

WHICH ZOO NOW HAS WORLD’S LARGEST NUMBER OF SNOW LEOPARDS IN CAPTIVITY?

A

DARJEELING ZOO ALSO KNOWN AS PADMAJA NAIDU HIMALAYAN ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

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8
Q

WHAT IS ARRIBADA?

A

OLIVE RIDLEY TURTLES ARE A GLOBALLY RECOGNIZED SPECIES FOR THEIR SYNCHRONIZED NESTING BEHAVIOR, ALSO KNOWN AS ARRIBADAS.

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9
Q

NATIONAL CLEAN AIR PROGRAMME (NCAP) WAS LAUNCHED BY?

A

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN JANUARY 2019.

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10
Q

AIM OF NATIONAL CLEAN AIR PROGRAMME (NCAP)?

A

TO ACHIEVE REDUCTIONS UP TO 40% OR ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER 10 (PM10) CONCENTRATIONS BY 2025-26.

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11
Q

CAN NATIONAL MISSION FOR CLEAN GANGA DISCHARGE TREATED SEWAGE INTO WATER BODIES?

A

YES IT RECENTLY GOT POWERS TO ALLOW TREATED SEWAGE INTO WATER BODIES WITH AMENDMENT OF RIVER GANGA (REJUVENATION, PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT) AUTHORITIES ORDER, 2016.

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12
Q

NATIONAL MISSION FOR CLEAN GANGA IS REGISTERED UNDER AND ITS NODAL AGENCY?

A

IT IS A REGISTERED SOCIETY UNDER THE SOCIETIES REGISTRATION ACT 1860.
NODAL AGENCY IS MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI.

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13
Q

CONSERVATION STATUS OF SALTWATER CROCODILES?

A

IUCN - LEAST CONCERN
CITES- APPENDIX 1
WPA 1972- SCHEDULE 1

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14
Q

CLOUD FOREST SILVERLINE WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY WHAT IS IT?

A

NEW BUTTERFLY SPECIES DISCOVERED IN WESTERN GHATS.
HONEY VALLEY, KODAGU DISTRICT KARNATAKA.

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15
Q

KUMKI WERE IN NEWS RECENTLY. WHAT ARE THEY?

A

KUMKI ARE TRAINED CAPTIVE ASIAN ELEPHANTS USED TO DRIVE WILD ELEPHANTS AWAY WHEN THEY ENTER INTO HUMAN SETTLEMENTS.
THESE ELEPHANTS ARE USEFUL IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION.

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16
Q

WORLD’S LARGEST FLYING BIRD?

A

WANDERING ALBATROSS WITH A WING SPAN OF 3.5 METERS.
MARINE ISLAND AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SUPPORT ABOUT HALF OF THE WORLD’S WANDERING ALBATROSS BREEDING POPULATION.

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17
Q

CONSERVATION STATUS OF WANDERING ALBATROSS?

A

IUCN- VULNERABLE.

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18
Q

CONSERVATION STATUS OF LAUGHING GULL?

A

IUCN- LEAST CONCERN.

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19
Q

MANY GOVERNMENTS WORLDWIDE HAVE ALSO BEEN WORKING TOGETHER TO MINIMIZE ACID RAIN. EXAMPLE?

A

THE ACID DEPOSITION MONITORING NETWORK IN EAST ASIA (EANET) IN ASIA.

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20
Q

IUCN STATUS OF NORTHERN WHITE, SOUTHERN WHITE AND INDIAN RHINOS?

A

NORTHERN WHITE RHINO - CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
SOUTHERN WHITE RHINO- NEAR THREATENED
INDIAN RHINO- VULNERABLE.

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21
Q

WHAT IS HUMBOLDT’S ENIGMA?

A

HUMBOLDT’S ENIGMA HELD THAT THE EARTH’S TROPICAL AREAS DON’T CONTAIN ALL THE BIODIVERSITY REGIONS. THERE ARE MANY AREAS OUTSIDE THE TROPICS THAT ARE HIGH IN BIODIVERSITY. THESE PLACES ARE MOUNTAINS.
IT IS RELATED TO BIODIVERSITY.

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22
Q

5 NEW RAMSAR SITES ADDED IN INDIA’S WETLANDS?

A

1 ANKASAMUDRA BIRD CONSERVATION RESERVE- KARNATAKA.
2 AGHANASHINI ESTUARY- KARNATAKA
3 MAGADI KERE CONSERVATION RESERVE- KARNATAKA.
4 KARAIVETTI BIRD SANCTUARY- TAMIL NADU.
5 THE LONGWOOD SHOLA RESERVE FOREST- TAMIL NADU.
NOW TOTAL 80 RAMSAR SITES IN INDIA.

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23
Q

ANKASAMUDRA BIRD CONSERVATION RESERVE FAUNA?

A

IT IS A HUMAN MADE VILLAGE IRRIGATION TANK IN KARNATAKA.
IT SUPPORTS MORE THAN 1% OF THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC POPULATION OF PAINTED STORK AND BLACK HEADED IBIS.

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24
Q

AGHANASHINI ESTUARY FAUNA?

A

IT IS FORMED AT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE AGHANASHINI RIVER WITH THE ARABIAN SEA IN KARNATAKA.
IT SUPPORTS TRADITIONAL FISH FARMING IN THE ESTUARINE RICE FIELDS (LOCALLY KNOWN AS GHAZNI RICE FIELDS) AND OVER 1% OF THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC POPULATION OF 15 WATERBIRD SPECIES.

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25
Q

MAGADI KERE CONSERVATION RESERVE VULNERABLE SPECIES?

A

IT IS A HUMAN MADE WETLAND IN KARNATAKA.
IT HARBORS TWO VULNERABLE SPECIES, COMMON POCHARD AND RIVER TERN AND FOUR NEAR THREATENED SPECIES.
IT IS ONE OF THE LARGEST WINTERING GROUNDS FOR THE BAR HEADED GOOSE IN SOUTHERN INDIA AND IS DESIGNATED IMPORTANT BIRD AREA (IBA).

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26
Q

KARAIVETTI BIRD SANCTUARY FAUNA?

A

FAUNA- BAR HEADED GOOSE, PIN TAILED DUCK, GARGANEY, NORTHERN SHOVELER, COMMON POCHARD, EURASIAN WIGEON, COMMON TEAL AND COTTON TEAL.

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27
Q

THE LONGWOOD SHOLA RESERVE FOREST FAUNA?

A

IT IS SITUATED IN TAMIL NADU AND THESE FORESTED WETLANDS SERVE AS THE HABITATS FOR THE GLOBALLY ENDANGERED BLACK CHINNED NILGIRI LAUGHING THRUSH, NILGIRI BLUE ROBIN AND VULNERABLE NILGIRI WOOD PIGEON.

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28
Q

MISHTI SCHEME?

A

MANGROVE INITIATIVE FOR SHORELINE HABITATS AND TANGIBLE INCOMES LAUNCHED BY MOEFCC.
AIM TO RESTORE OR REPLANT MANGROVES.

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29
Q

CONSERVATION STATUS OF ASIATIC LIONS?

A

IUCN- ENDANGERED
CITES- APPENDIX 1
WPA- SCHEDULE 1.

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30
Q

CONSUMPTION OF FOOD DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIBERNATION, BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION?

A

1 IN HIBERNATION ANIMALS DON’T STOP EATING BEFORE ENTERING INACTIVITY.
2 IN BRUMATION ANIMALS STOP EATING BEFORE ENTERING INACTIVITY.
3 IN AESTIVATION ANIMALS STOP FEEDING.

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31
Q

ANIMALS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIBERNATION, BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION?

A

1 IN HIBERNATION ANIMALS ARE ENDOTHERMIC.
2 IN BRUMATION ANIMALS ARE ECTOTHERMIC.

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32
Q

DORMANCY STATE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIBERNATION, BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION?

A

1 HIBERNATION- IT IS A STATE OF DORMANCY IN WARM BLOODED ANIMALS.
2 BRUMATION- IT IS A STATE OF DORMANCY IN COLD BLOODED ANIMALS.
3 AESTIVATION- THIS PROCESS TAKES PLACE IN COLD BLOODED ANIMALS.

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33
Q

ACTIVITY LEVEL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIBERNATION, BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION?

A

1 HIBERNATION- COMPLETELY INACTIVE; NO EATING, DRINKING OR MOVEMENT.
2 BRUMATION- MAY BECOME PARTIALLY ACTIVE ON WARMER DAYS.
3 AESTIVATION- ANIMALS BECOME INACTIVE IN THE SUMMER SEASON.

34
Q

METABOLIC RATE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIBERNATION, BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION?

A

1 HIBERNATION- METABOLIC RATE GOES DOWN BUT IS STILL ACTIVE.
2 BRUMATION- SLOWED, BUT NOT AS SIGNIFICANTLY AS IN HIBERNATION.
3 AESTIVATION- METABOLIC ACTIVITY GETS LOW DUE TO SEEKING SHELTER IN COOL UNDERGROUND BURROW.

35
Q

EXAMPLES OF HIBERNATION, BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION?

A

1 HIBERNATION- BEARS, BATS, GROUNDHOGS.
2 BRUMATION- SNAKES, LIZARDS, TURTLES AND FROGS.
3 AESTIVATION- SNAILS, LUNGFISH, DESERT TORTOISES.

36
Q

REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE IN HIBERNATION, BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION?

A

1 HIBERNATION- INTERNAL
2 BRUMATION AND AESTIVATION- EXTERNAL (RELY ON ENVIRONMENT).

37
Q

PROTECTION STATUS OF OLIVE RIDLEY TURTLES?

A

IUCN - VULNERABLE
WPA - SCHEDULE 1
CITES- APPENDIX 1

38
Q

NECESSARY ELEMENTS OF ARRIBADA?

A

1 OFFSHORE WINDS.
2 LUNAR CYCLES.
3 RELEASE OF PHEROMONES BY FEMALES.
4 TEMPERATURE OF THE SEAWATER.

39
Q

BIODIVERSITY HERITAGE SITES OF ODISHA?

A

1 MANDASARI
2 MAHENDRAGIRI
3 GANDHAMARDAN
4 GUPTESHWAR FOREST (LATEST 2024).

40
Q

FLORA AND FAUNA OF GUPTESHWAR FOREST?

A

FLORA:- INDIAN TRUMPET TREE, INDIAN SNAKEROOT, GARLIC PEAR TREE.
FAUNA:- MUGGER CROCODILE, KANGER VALLEY ROCK GECKO, COMMON HILL MYNA, WHITE BELLIED WOODPECKER ETC.

41
Q

NORTHERN PINTAIL (DUCK) HABITAT?

A

1 OPEN WETLANDS.
2 THEY MAKE NESTS ON THE GROUND, AWAY FROM WATER.
RECENTLY FOUND DEAD IN PULICAT LAKE.

42
Q

IUCN STATUS OF NORTHERN PINTAIL?

A

LEAST CONCERN.

43
Q

SEVEN WORLD RESTORATION FLAGSHIPS ARE NAMED BY?

A

UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) AND FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION (FAO).

44
Q

ENUMERATE SEVEN WORLD RESTORATION FLAGSHIPS?

A
  1. FROM FIRES TO FORESTS- RESILIENCE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.
  2. LIVING INDUS- RESTORING A CRADLE OF CIVILIZATIONS. A LIVING ENTITY INDUS RIVER.
  3. ACCION ANDINA- SAVING A GLOBAL WATER AND CLIMATE HOTSPOT- MOVEMENT LED BY THE PERUVIAN CONSERVATION NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION, ECOAN.
  4. SRI LANKA MANGROVE REGENERATION INITIATIVE.
  5. TERAI ARC LANDSCAPE:REVIVING ASIA’S MEGA FAUNA.
  6. THE REGREENING AFRICA INITIATIVE.
  7. GROWING FORESTS IN AFRICA’S DRYLANDS.
45
Q

LIVING INDUS-RESTORING A CRADLE OF CIVILIZATIONS INITIATIVE WAS APPROVED BY AND LAUNCHED AT?

A

APPROVED BY PAKISTAN’S PARLIAMENT IN THE WAKE OF THE DEVASTATING 2022 CLIMATE CHANGE INDUCED FLOODS AND WAS OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED AT THE UN CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE IN SHARM EL-SHEIKH (COP27).

46
Q

IUCN STATUS OF SPUR WINGED LAPWING?

A

LEAST CONCERN.
IT IS A WADING BIRD.

47
Q

WHAT ARE BON BIBIS?

A

THEY ARE THE FOREST GODDESS OF THE SUNDERBANS.
THE LEGEND OF BON BIBI PRESCRIBES RULES FOR THE FOREST, WHICH INCLUDE PEOPLE MUST TAKE ONLY AS MUCH AS THEY NEED.
BON BIBI’S BROTHER IS SHAH JONGOLI.

48
Q

WHAT ARE PHUMDIS?

A

PHUMDIS ARE FLOATING ISLANDS FOUND IN LOKTAK LAKE MANIPUR.

49
Q

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) WAS CONSTITUTED IN 1974 UNDER?

A

WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT 1974.

50
Q

WHAT IS ECOSIDE?

A

KILLING ONE’S OWN HOME OR ENVIRONMENT.

51
Q

FOR AN EVENT TO BE DEEMED GLOBAL, WIDESPREAD BLEACHING MUST OCCUR IN___________.

A
  1. MUST OCCUR IN THREE OCEAN BASINS- THE ATLANTIC, PACIFIC AND INDIAN.
  2. TO MERIT A GLOBAL MASS BLEACHING EVENT, A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF REEF PIXELS NEED TO REVEAL A LEVEL OF HEAT STRESS IN EACH OCEAN BASIN.
52
Q

HOW MANY MASS CORAL BLEACHING HAD ALREADY OCCURRED?

A

3 HAD ALREADY OCCURED.
1. 1998
2. 2010
3. 2014 TO 2017 GREAT BARRIER REEF LOST NEARLY A THIRD OF ITS CORALS.
4. FOURTH IS ABOUT TO OCCUR SOON AS PER US NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA).

53
Q

WHICH ANIMAL IS CALLED THE TIGER OF THE GANGES?

A

GANGETIC RIVER DOLPHIN.

54
Q

PROMOTING ENTITY OF METHANESAT?

A

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND (EDF), A US BASED NON PROFIT ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY GROUP.

55
Q

OBJECTIVE OF METHANESAT AND IT IS LAUNCHED BY?

A

METHANESAT WILL TRACK AND MEASURE METHANE EMISSIONS AT GLOBAL SCALE.
LAUNCHED ABOARD A SPACEX FALCON9 ROCKET FROM CALIFORNIA.

56
Q

SACRED GROVES OF RAJASTHAN ARE CALLED______.
WHY WERE THEY IN NEWS?

A

ORANS.
STATE GOVERNMENT DECLARED ORANS AS DEEMED FORESTS RAISED FEAR IN COMMUNITY DWELLERS ABOUT LOSING ACCESS TO FOREST PRODUCE AND LIVELIHOOD.
DEEMED FORESTS REFER TO AREAS NOT FORMALLY CLASSIFIED AS FORESTS BY CENTRAL OR STATE AUTHORITIES IN OFFICIAL RECORDS.

57
Q

FIRST STATE IN INDIA TO DECLARE MAN ANIMAL CONFLICT AS A STATE SPECIFIC DISASTER?

A

KERELA.
NOTE*- IN 2015 ODISHA HAD DECLARED SNAKEBITE A STATE SPECIFIC DISASTER.
IN 2020 KERELA DECLARED COVID AS A STATE SPECIFIC DISASTER.

58
Q

Atapaka bird sanctuary location?

A

Krishna-west Godavari borders, Andhra Pradesh.

59
Q

Atmospheric Research Testbed has been set up in
1. Which state
2. Developed by which ministry
3. Who is in charge of its operation?

A
  1. Madhya Pradesh
  2. Ministry of Earth Sciences
  3. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) Pune.
60
Q

World Air Quality Report is published by?

A

IQAir, a swiss organization.

61
Q

What is solar waste?

A
  • Solar waste refers to the waste generated during the manufacturing of solar modules and waste from the field (project lifetime), according to the study.
  • Manufacturing involves two streams of waste, including the scrap that’s produced and the waste generated from PV modules failing quality tests.
  • Meanwhile, waste from the field involves three streams.
  • One, waste generated during transporting and handling the damaged modules are considered as waste.
  • Two, waste produced due to the damage incurred by solar modules during their lifetime.
  • Three, when the modules reach their end of life and are not usable anymore.
62
Q

The Andhra Pradesh Forest Department finds that ________ tree stores water in summer as claimed by the Konda Reddi tribe.

A

The Indian Laurel Tree.
Common names for this tree are Marutham, matti, ain, taukkyan, asana and casually crocodile bark.

63
Q

What is SAIME initiative?

A

Sustainable Aquaculture In Mangrove Ecosystem, started in 2019. It is a community based initiative for sustainable shrimp cultivation. Under the initiative, farmers have taken up the cultivation of shrimp at 30 hectares in West Bengal.
Also, they are restoring mangroves.

64
Q

______ village in Anand district, Gujarat has become a model for other villages across India by embracing small scale biogas facilities in every household that owns milch cattle.

A

Zakariyapura, India’s climate smart model village.

65
Q

What is the dual emergence of broods?

A

The dual emergence of Broods XIX, or the Great Southern Brood, and XIII, or the Northern Illinois Brood is rare, occurring every 221 years (when the 13-year and 17-year cicadas overlap, as 13 times 17 is 221).

66
Q

What is branch flagging?

A

The slits that cicadas make in trees can cause some branches to break, and the leaves then turn brown in a process known as “flagging,” which is a kind of natural prunning. When the branch grows again, the fruits it yields will tend to be larger.

67
Q

Conservation Status of Eurasian Otter?

A

IUCN– Near Threatened
CITES– Appendix 1
Wildlife (Protection) Act– Schedule 1.

68
Q

New microbial formulations based on granular lime and gypsum have been developed and validated by the ICAR– Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Kozhikode.
What are the formulations?

A
  1. Bactolime
  2. Bactogypsum
  3. Trichogypsum.
69
Q

What is Coral Fort?

A
  • It is a biodegradable cage crafted partly from drinking straws– to enhance the survival rate of transplanted coral.
  • The cage comprises a limestone disc encircled by eight vertical drinking straws made from a biodegradable material called polyhydroxyalkanoate (a biopolymer derived from canola oil).
70
Q

The Coral Fort Initiative: An Innovative Solution to Protecting Coral is built by?

A

Researches in South Florida.

71
Q

Jansen’s wrasse, Checkerboard wrasse and Moon wrasse were in news recently. What are they?

A

They are fish species in news because they used live or dead coral structures as anvils to break the hard shells of sea urchins so they could get to the edible bits inside.

72
Q

Report “The Arctic’s Plastic Crisis” has been released by?

A

Alaska Community Action on Toxics (ACAT) and the International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN).

73
Q

What is resolution 5/14?

A

The resolution (5/14) requested the UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
to convene an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to develop “the instrument,” which is to be based on a comprehensive approach that addresses the full life cycle of plastic, including its production, design, and disposal.

74
Q

Panchamrit or India’s five point pledge?

A
  1. Zero-emissions by 2070.
  2. To enhance its capacity for non-fossil fuel energy to 500 GW by 2030.
  3. Increase the proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix
    to 50% by 2030.
  4. Reduce the emissions intensity of its economy by 45%.
  5. Reduce emissions by 1 billion tonnes of CO2.
75
Q

Mount Ruang Volcana erupted recently. It is in which country?

A

Indonesia.

76
Q

What is Silent Chernobyl?

A

Recent study discovered that the desert formed by the drying Aral Sea has significantly increased dustiness in Central Asia.

77
Q

Global Forest Watch was established by?

A

World Resource Institute.

78
Q

Leaders of Chipko Movement?

A
  • Chandi Prasad Bhatt
  • Sundar Lal Bahuguna
  • Gaura Devi
  • Ukha Devi
  • Jutti Devi
  • Bala Devi etc.
79
Q

State of Climate in Asia 2023 report is published by?

A

World Meteorological Organization.

80
Q

Second largest bird sanctuary in India?

A

Pulicat Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu) is the second largest bird Sanctuary in India.
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (Rajasthan) is the largest.

81
Q

What is a Bambi Bucket?

A

Also called helicopter bucket or a heli-bucket, is a specialised lightweight collapsible container that releases water from underneath a helicopter to targeted areas. The water is released by using a pilot controlled valve. Recently used in Uttarakhand forest fires.

CURRENT AFFAIRS 2024 (10 decks)

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