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CURRENT AFFAIRS 2023 > SCIENCE AND TECH > Flashcards

SCIENCE AND TECH Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS INDIA STACK?

A

INDIA STACK IS A COLLECTIVE NAME FOR A SET OF OPEN APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE (APIs) AND DIGITAL GOODS THAT WILL ALLOW GOVERNMENTS, BUSINESS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS TO LEVERAGE IDENTITY, DATA AND PAYMENT INFRASTRUCTURE AT SCALE.

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2
Q

WHAT IS CHOLEDERM ?

A

IS THE FIRST INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED ANIMAL DERIVED WOUND CARE PRODUCT THAT MEETS ALL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS.

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3
Q

WHAT IS PINGER?

A

MANY UNDERWATER VEHICLES ARE FITTED WITH AN ACOUSTIC DEVICE OFTEN CALLED A PINGER WHICH EMITS SOUNDS THAT CAN BE DETECTED UNDERWATER BY RESCUERS.

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4
Q

WHAT IS CURV-21? WHY IN NEWS?

A

US CABLE CONTROLLED UNDERSEA RECOVERY VEHICLE.
WELL BE USED TO RESCUE TITAN SUBMARINE.

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5
Q

EUCLID SPACE TELESCOPE IS BUILT BY?
AIM-

A

EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
AIM IS TO STUDY DARK UNIVERSE.

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6
Q

WHAT ARE EXOPLANETS?

A

ANY PLANET THAT ORBITS A STAR OTHER THAN THE SUN.

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7
Q

WHAT ARE ROGUE PLANETS?

A

EXOPLANETS THAT ARE NOT BOUND TO ANY STAR BUT INSTEAD ORBIT THE GALACTIC CENTER.

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8
Q

CLOSEST EXOPLANET?

A

PROXIMA CENTAURI B. IT ORBITS THE PROXIMA CENTAURI (CLOSEST STAR TO THE SUN).

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9
Q

WHAT ARE MASSIVE GIANT EXOPLANETS?

A

PLANETS HAVING MASS GREATER THAN 4 TIMES THAT OF JUPITER.

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10
Q

ELEMENT WITH HIGHEST ATOMIC NUMBER?

A

OGANESSON.

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11
Q

HEAVIEST ELEMENT IN TERMS OF ATOMIC WEIGHT?

A

OGANESSON.

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12
Q

ONLY TWO ELEMENTS ARE LIQUID IN ROOM TEMPERATURE?

A

MERCURY
BROMINE

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13
Q

FIRST 92 ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE ARE NATURALLY OCCURRING EXCEPT?

A

TECHNETIUM AND PROMETHIUM.

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14
Q

HOW CAN WE SAY THAT AN ELECTRON HAS LESS MASS THAN A PROTON, OR THAT A PHOTON HAD NO MASS AT ALL?

A

THE STRONGER A PARTICLE INTERACTS WITH THE HIGGS BOSON THE MORE MASS IT HAS.
A HIGGS BOSON CAN ALSO INTERACT WITH ANOTHER HIGGS BOSON- SO ITS MASS IS GREATER THAN THAT OF PROTONS OR NEUTRONS.

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15
Q

WHAT IS LARGE HADRON COLLIDER?
HOW DOES IT WORKS?

A

IT IS WORLD’S LARGEST AND MOST POWERFUL PARTICLE ACCELERATOR.
IT WORKS BY SMASHING TINY PARTICLES TOGETHER TO ALLOW SCIENTISTS TO OBSERVE THEM AND SEE WHAT’S INSIDE.

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16
Q

LARGE HADRON COLLIDER IS BUILT BY?

A

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN) BETWEEN 1998 AND 2008 IN COLLABORATION WITH MORE THAN THOUSANDS SCIENTISTS AND HUNDREDS OF UNIVERSITIES AND LABORATORIES AS WELL AS MORE THAN 100 COUNTRIES.

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17
Q

WHAT ARE CRITICAL MINERALS?

A

MINERALS IN WHICH THE RISK OF SUPPLY SHORTAGE AND ASSOCIATED IMPACT ON ECONOMY IS RELATIVELY HIGHER THAN OTHER RAW MATERIALS.

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18
Q

ENUMERATE CRITICAL MINERALS OF INDIA?

A

THE 30 MINERALS FEATURED ON THE LIST INCLUDE
1 ANTIMONY
2 BERYLLIUM
3 BISMUTH
4 COBALT
5 COPPER
6 CADMIUM
7 GALLIUM
8 GERMANIUM
9 GRAPHITE
10 HAFNIUM
11 INDIUM
12 LITHIUM
13 MOLYBDENUM
14 NIOBIUM
15 NICKEL
16 PGE (PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS)
17 PHOSPHOROUS
18 POTASH
19 REEs
20 RHENIUM
21 SILICON
22 STRONTIUM
23 SELENIUM
24 TANTALUM
25 TELLURIUM
26 TIN
27 TITANIUM
28 TUNGSTEN
29 VANADIUM
30 ZIRCONIUM

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19
Q

ENUMERATE PLATINUM GROUP OF ELEMENTS?

A

1 PLATINUM
2 PALLADIUM
3 RHODIUM
4 RUTHENIUM
5 IRIDIUM
6 OSMIUM

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20
Q

ASPARTAME IS A METHYL ESTER DIPEPTIDE OF TWO NATURAL AMINO ACIDS?

A

1 L-ASPARTIC ACID
2 L-PHENYLALANINE

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21
Q

WHAT ARE COSMIC CLOCKS?

A

COSMIC CLOCKS OR PULSARS ARE RAPIDLY SPINNING NEUTRON STARS THAT SEND OUT RADIO SIGNALS AT REGULAR INTERVALS WHICH ARE SEEN AS BRIGHT FLASHES FROM THE EARTH.

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22
Q

WHAT ARE NANO-HERTZ GRAVITATIONAL WAVES?

A

THESE ARE ULTRA LOW FREQUENCY GRAVITATIONAL WAVES THAT EMERGE FROM A COLLIDING PAIR OF VERY LARGE MONSTER BLACK HOLES.

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23
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE IS CONTINUOUS ARRIVAL OF NANO HERTZ GRAVITATIONAL WAVES?

A

IT CREATES A CONSISTENT HUMMING IN OUR UNIVERSE WHICH GETS DETECTED USING POWERFUL RADIO TELESCOPES FROM THE EARTH.

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24
Q

WORLD’S MOST POWERFUL AND LARGE RADIO TELESCOPES ARE?

A

1 UPGRADED GIANT METREWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE (uGMRT)
2 WESTERBORK SYNTHESIS RADIO TELESCOPE
3 EFFELSBERG RADIO TELESCOPE
4 LOVELL TELESCOPE
5 NANÇAY RADIO TELESCOPE
6 SARDINIA RADIO TELESCOPE
WERE DEPLOYED TO STUDY 25 PULSARS OVER A PERIOD OF 15 YEARS.

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25
Q

INDIA’S GIANT METREWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE IS LOCATED IN?

A

NEAR NARAYANGAON IN PUNE.

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26
Q

INDIA’S GIANT METREWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE IS OPERATED BY?

A

NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RADIO ASTROPHYSICS (NCRA) WHICH IS A PART OF THE TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, MUMBAI.

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27
Q

THE LARGEST AND THE MOST SENSUAL RADIO TELESCOPE ARRAY IN THE WORLD AT LOW FREQUENCIES IS?

A

INDIA’S GIANT METREWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE.

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28
Q

DOES CHANDRAYAAN-3 HAVE AN ORBITER COMPONENT LIKE CHANDRAYAAN-2?

A

NO.

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29
Q

WHAT ARE QUASARS?

A

QUASARS ARE TREMENDOUSLY ACTIVE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES MILLIONS TO BILLIONS OF TIMES MORE MASSIVE THAN OUR SUN, USUALLY RESIDING AT THE CENTRE OF GALAXIES.

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30
Q

CAUSATIVE AGENT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS?

A

A BACTERIUM CALLED LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS OR LEPTOSPIRA.

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31
Q

CARRIERS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS?

A

WILD OR DOMESTIC ANIMALS, INCLUDING RODENTS, CATTLE, PIGS, AND DOGS, WATER BUFFALOES, GOATS, HORSES, AND SHEEP.

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32
Q

MISCONCEPTION ABOUT LEPTOSPIROSIS?

A

THE DISEASE HAS BEEN CALLED ILI JWARA IN KANNADA AND ELI PANI IN MALAYALAM BOTH MEANING RAT FEVER. THIS USAGE HAS FED THE COMMON BELIEF THAT RATS ARE THE SOLE CAUSE OF THE DISEASE, WHICH IS NOT TRUE.

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33
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF LEPTOSPIROSIS?

A

SHEDDING OF LEPTOSPIRA, USUALLY IN THE URINE OF THE INFECTED ANIMALS.

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34
Q

WHAT ARE DARK PATTERNS?

A

DARK PATTERNS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS DECEPTIVE PATTERNS.
● IT IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE WAYS IN WHICH WEBSITES OR APPS MAKE THEIR USERS
● DO THINGS THAT THE USERS DO NOT INTEND TO DO OR WOULD NOT OTHERWISE DO
● TO DISCOURAGE USER BEHAVIOUR THAT IS NOT BENEFICIAL FOR THE COMPANIES.

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35
Q

WHAT IS OBERTH EFFECT?

A

IN ASTRONAUTICS, A POWERED FLYBY, OR OBERTH MANEUVER, IS A MANEUVER IN WHICH A SPACECRAFT FALLS INTO A GRAVITATIONAL WELL AND THEN USES ITS ENGINES TO FURTHER ACCELERATE AS IT IS FALLING, THEREBY ACHIEVING ADDITIONAL SPEED. THE RESULTING MANEUVER IS A MORE EFFICIENT WAY TO GAIN KINETIC ENERGY THAN APPLYING THE SAME IMPULSE OUTSIDE OF A GRAVITATIONAL WELL. THE GAIN IN EFFICIENCY IS EXPLAINED BY THE OBERTH EFFECT, WHEREIN THE USE OF A REACTION ENGINE AT HIGHER SPEEDS GENERATES A GREATER CHANGE IN MECHANICAL ENERGY THAN ITS USE AT LOWER SPEEDS. IN PRACTICAL TERMS, THIS MEANS THAT THE MOST ENERGY-EFFICIENT METHOD FOR A SPACECRAFT TO BURN ITS FUEL IS AT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE ORBITAL PERIAPSIS, WHEN ITS ORBITAL VELOCITY (AND SO, ITS KINETIC ENERGY) IS GREATEST.

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36
Q

WHICH AMOEBA IS KNOWN AS BRAIN EATING AMOEBA?

A

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI.

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37
Q

HABITAT OF NAEGLERIA FOWLERI?

A

IT IS A SINGLE CELLED ORGANISM FOUND IN WARM FRESH WATER ENVIRONMENTS SUCH AS LAKES, RIVERS, AND SPRINGS.
IT CANNOT SURVIVE IN SALINE CONDITIONS HENCE NOT FOUND IN SEAWATER.

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38
Q

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF NAEGLERIA FOWLERI?

A

IT DOES NOT SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON.
COMBINATIONS OF DRUGS INCLUDES AMPHOTERICIN B, AZITHROMYCIN, FLUCONAZOLE, RIFAMPIN, MILTEFOSINE AND DEXAMETHASONE.

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39
Q

WHAT ARE THE KEY UPGRADES IN CHANDRAYAAN-3 THAT MAKE IT BETTER FROM CHANDRAYAAN-2?

A

1 STRENGTHENED LEGS.
2 BIGGER FUEL TANK.
3 SOLAR PANELS ON FOUR SIDES (CHANDRAYAAN ONLY 2 SIDES).
4 MORE INSTRUMENTS- LASER DOPPLER VELOCIMETER WHICH WILL FIRE LASER BEAMS TO THE LUNAR SURFACE TO CALCULATE THE LANDER’s SPEED.
5 UPDATED SOFTWARES-HAZARD DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE CAMERA, NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE SOFTWARE.
6 UNDERGONE MULTIPLE STRESS TESTS.

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40
Q

WHAT IS LVM-3?

A

THE LAUNCH VEHICLE Mark-III OR LVM-3, IS A THREE STAGE MEDIUM-LIFT LAUNCH VEHICLE DEVELOPED BY THE INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION (ISRO).
● PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS THE GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE (GSLV) MARK-III.

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41
Q

LVM-3 IS DEVELOPED BY?

A

LIQUID PROPULSION SYSTEMS CENTRE OF ISRO.

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42
Q

PAYLOAD CAPACITY OF LVM-3?

A

○ 4 TONNE CLASS SATELLITES OF THE GSAT SERIES INTO GEOSYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER ORBITS.
○ 8 TONNE HEAVY PAYLOADS INTO LOW EARTH ORBITS OF 600 KM ALTITUDE.

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43
Q

STAGES OF LVM-3?

A

1 FIRST (OR BOTTOM MOST) STAGE:
○ IT HAS TWO S200 BOOSTERS STRAPPED TO THE SIDES OF THE ROCKET BODY.
○ FUEL USED: SOLID FUEL CALLED HYDROXYL TERMINATED POLYBUTADIENE.
◎2 SECOND STAGE:
○ IT IS POWERED BY TWO VIKAS ENGINES
○ FUEL USED: LIQUID FUEL – EITHER DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE.
3 UPPERMOST FINAL STAGE:
○ IT IS POWERED BY A CRYOGENIC ENGINE.
○ IT COMBUSTS LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN WITH LIQUEFIED OXYGEN.
○ HYDROGEN HAS A VERY HIGH SPECIFIC IMPULSE AS ROCKET FUELS GO, BUT USING IT IN AN ENGINE REQUIRES IT TO BE LIQUEFIED FIRST.
○ LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN MUST BE STORED AT VERY LOW TEMPERATURE, AND WITH SPECIAL PUMPING AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS.

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44
Q

THERE IS HIGHER PRESENCE OF WHICH BACTERIA ON THE WRISTS OF WATCH WEARERS COMPARED TO OTHERS?

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.
WRISTWATCHES ACT AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS.

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45
Q

REPENOMAMUS ROBUSTUS WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY. WHAT IS IT?

A

IT WAS ONE OF THE LARGEST MAMMAL DURING DINOSAURS TIME.
USED TO EAT PSITTACOSAURUS LUJIATUNENSIS (A PLANT EATER).

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46
Q

STEEL SLAG ROAD TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY?

A

THE CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNDER A RESEARCH PROJECT IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MINISTRY OF STEEL AND FOUR MAJOR STEEL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES.

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47
Q

THE FIRST ROAD MADE WITH STEEL SLAG ROAD INTERPRETATION TECHNOLOGY IS IN?

A

SURAT, GUJARAT.

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48
Q

INDIA AI IS A JOINT VENTURE BY THE?

A

MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MeitY), NATIONAL e- GOVERNANCE DIVISION (NeGD) AND NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOFTWARE AND SERVICE COMPANIES (NASSCOM).

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49
Q

WHAT IS DESI INITIATIVE?

A

DESI STANDS FOR DIGITIZATION, EDUCATION, SUSTAINABILITY AND INNOVATION.
FINLAND WILL HELP INDIA DEVELOP AND BUILD QUANTUM COMPUTERS UNDER ITS DESI INITIATIVE.

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50
Q

PANAGROLAIMUS KOLYMAENSIS AND CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS WERE IN NEWS RECENTLY. WHAT ARE THEY?

A

○ THEY ARE NEMATODES CAPABLE OF DOING CRYPTOBIOSIS.

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51
Q

WHAT IS CRYPTOBIOSIS?

A

CRYPTOBIOSIS IS A STATE OF EXTREME INACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. IN THE CRYPTOBIOTIC STATE, ALL METABOLIC PROCEDURES STOP, PREVENTING REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND REPAIR.

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52
Q

HOW DO NEMATODES CARRY OUT CRYPTOBIOSIS?

A

WITH THE HELP OF A SUGAR CALLED TREHALOSE.

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53
Q

SEMICON INDIA 2023 IS ORGANIZED BY?

A

INDIA SEMICONDUCTOR MISSION.

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54
Q

INDIA SEMICONDUCTOR MISSION HAS BEEN SET UP BY AND?

A

SET UP BY AN INDEPENDENT BUSINESS DIVISION WITHIN DIGITAL INDIA CORPORATION.
DIGITAL INDIA CORPORATION IS A NOT-FOR-PROFIT COMPANY SET UP BY THE MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MeitY) UNDER SECTION 8 OF THE COMPANIES ACT 2013.
◎ MANDATE- IT HAS ALL THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL POWERS AND IS TASKED WITH THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PROMOTING THE INDIAN SEMICONDUCTOR ECOSYSTEM IN MANUFACTURING, PACKAGING AND DESIGN.

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55
Q

DRACO PROJECT IS LAUNCHED BY?

A

NASA AND THE DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY.

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56
Q

GOAL OF DRACO PROJECT?

A

THE GOAL OF THE DEMONSTRATION ROCKET FOR AGILE CISLUNAR OPERATIONS (DRACO) PROGRAM IS TO DEMONSTRATE A NUCLEAR (FISSION) THERMAL ROCKET (NTR) IN ORBIT.

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57
Q

PRICE OF DRUGS IN INDIA ARE REGULATED AS PER PROVISIONS OF?

A

DRUGS (PRICE CONTROL) ORDER, 2013, BY NATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING AUTHORITY (NPPA).

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58
Q

DEPARTMENT AND MINISTRY OF NATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING AUTHORITY?

A

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICALS.
MINISTRY OF CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZERS.

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59
Q

NATIONAL LIST OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES IS UPDATED PERIODICALLY BY AN EXPERT PANEL SET UP UNDER THE AEGIS OF?

A

MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE.

60
Q

WHAT IS SARGASSUM?

A

SARGASSUM IS A BUOYANT, BROWN AND OFTEN SMELLY ALGAE OR LARGE BROWN SEAWEED.

61
Q

HOW MANY STAGES ARE THERE IN AGNI-PRIME? IT IS DEVELOPED BY?

A

IT IS A NEW GENERATION TWO STAGE, SOLID FUELED NUCLEAR CAPABLE MISSILE.
DRDO.

62
Q

ALL THE AGNI SERIES OF MISSILES ARE PART OF THE INTEGRATED GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME LAUNCHED BY THE FORMER PRESIDENT OF INDIA, APJ ABDUL KALAM? TRUE OR FALSE.

A

TRUE.

63
Q

WHAT IS HAVANA SYNDROME?

A

IT INVOLVES HEARING CERTAIN SOUNDS WITHOUT ANY OUTSIDE NOISE, NAUSEA, VERTIGO AND HEADACHE AND MEMORY LOSS.

64
Q

NAME OF SITES ON MOON RELATED TO CHANDRAYAAN’s?

A

○ STATIO SHIV SHAKTI- LANDING SITE OF CHANDRAYAAN-3
○ TIRANGA- CHANDRAYAAN-2 LANDER LEFT ITS FOOTPRINTS
○ JAWAHAR STHAL- CHANDRAYAAN-1 MISSION CRASHED

65
Q

WHAT IS ALPS?

A

ADVANCED LIQUID PROCESSING SYSTEM CAN REMOVE ALL RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINANTS FROM THE WATER EXCEPT TRITIUM.

66
Q

WHAT IS TRITIUM AND WHY IS IT NOT POSSIBLE TO REMOVE TRITIUM BY ALPS?

A

TRITIUM IS A FORM OF HYDROGEN THAT OCCURS NATURALLY IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE AND IS PART OF WATER ITSELF SO IT ISN’T POSSIBLE TO CREATE A FILTER TO SEPARATE IT FROM THE CONTAMINATED WATER.

67
Q

WHAT IS ALPHA-GAL?

A

ALPHA-GAL IS A SUGAR MOLECULE PRESENT IN PIGS AND OTHER MAMMALS BUT NOT IN HUMANS.
ITS PRESENCE CAN TRIGGER A SEVERE IMMUNE REACTION IN HUMANS THAT’S WHY IN XENOTRANSPLANTATION PIGS KIDNEYS NEED TO BE GENETICALLY MODIFIED TO DISABLE THE GENE THAT PRODUCE ALPHA-GAL.

68
Q

WHAT IS PIROLA?

A

A NEW CORONA VIRUS VARIANT CALLED BA.2.86, WHICH IS INFORMALLY BEING TERMED PIROLA HAS BEEN A VARIANT OF INTEREST.

69
Q

WHAT ARE BIOMONITORS AND THEIR USE?

A

BIOMONITOR OR BIOLOGICAL MONITOR IS DEFINED AS AN ORGANISM THAT PROVIDES QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION ON THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT AROUND IT.
THEY ARE MOSTLY USED FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
EG HONEYBEES AS BIOMONITORS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE SPREAD.

70
Q

WHAT IS STORM-0558?

A

IT IS CHINA BASED HACKING GROUP.

71
Q

WHAT IS GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE?

A

IT IS THE COLLECTION AND INTEGRATION OF DATA FROM A NETWORK OF TECHNOLOGIES, INCLUDING SATELLITES, MOBILE SENSORS, GROUND CONTROL STATIONS AND AERIAL IMAGES.

72
Q

WHAT ARE DIGITAL TWINS?

A

DIGITAL TWINS ARE VIRTUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF REAL SYSTEMS- BUILDINGS OR CITIES.
EG THAT MIMIC THE SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS AND CAN BE UPDATED IN REAL TIME TO REFLECT CHANGING CONDITIONS IN THE SYSTEMS.

73
Q

WHAT IS OSIRIS-REx?

A

NASA’S ORIGINS, SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION, RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND SECURITY- REGOLITH EXPLORER
AIM TO STUDY ASTEROID BENNU.

74
Q

WHAT ARE crPROTACs?

A

CLICK RELEASE PROTEOLYSIS TARGETING CHIMERAS ARE MOLECULES THAT BREAK DOWN SPECIFIC PROTEINS IN THE BODY.
TARGET CANCER CELLS WHILE LEAVING HEALTHY CELLS UNHARMED.
CAN BE HARMFUL TO HEALTHY CELLS DUE TO UNCONTROLLED PROTEIN BREAKDOWN.

75
Q

NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE 2023?

A

KATALIN KARIKO AND DREW WEISSMAN FOR THEIR RESEARCH THAT ENABLED THE DEVELOPMENT OF mRNA VACCINE AGAINST COVID-19.

76
Q

WHAT IS GPS SPOOFING?

A

GPS SIGNAL SPOOFING IS THE SURREPTITIOUS REPLACEMENT OF A TRUE SATELLITE SIGNAL WITH A MANIPULATED SIGNAL THAT CAN CAUSE A GPS RECIEVER TO OUTPUT ERRONEOUS POSITION AND TIME.

77
Q

NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2023?

A

○ PIERRE AGOSTINI
○ FERENC KRAUSZ
○ ANNE L’HUILLIER
FOR EXPERIMENTAL METHODS THAT GENERATE ATTOSECOND PULSES OF LIGHT FOR THE STUDY OF ELECTRON DYNAMICS IN MATTER.

78
Q

WHAT IS BADIS LIMAAKUMI?

A

IT IS A NEW FISH DISCOVERED FROM MILAK RIVER, NAGALAND.
ALSO KNOWN AS THE CHAMELEON FISH FOR ITS ABILITY TO CHANGE COLOR.

79
Q

NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 2023?

A

○ MOUNGI G. BAWENDI
○ LOUIS E. BRUS
○ ALEXEI I. EKIMOV
FOR DISCOVERY AND SYNTHESIS OF QUANTUM DOTS.

80
Q

NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE 2023?

A

JON FOSSE FOR HIS INNOVATIVE PLAYS AND PROSE WHICH GIVE VOICE TO THE UNSAYABLE.
HIS WORKS
○ BOATHOUSE
○ MELANCHOLY 1 AND 2
○ SEPTOLOGY

81
Q

NOBEL PRIZE IN PEACE 2023?

A

NARGES MOHAMMADI FOR HER FIGHT AGAINST THE OPPRESSION OF WOMEN IN IRAN AND HER FIGHT TO PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM FOR ALL.

82
Q

WHAT IS PEGASUS AND IRON DOME?

A

PEGASUS IS AN ISRAELI SPYWARE.
IRON DOME IS AN ISRAELI DEFENSE SYSTEM.

83
Q

MAIN SOURCE OF NIOBIUM?

A

MINERAL COLUMBITE.

84
Q

INDIAAI REPORT IS RELEASED BY?

A

MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Meity).

85
Q

WHAT WERE THE NAME OF THE COINS REGARDING CRYPTOCURRENCY SCAM IN HIMACHAL?

A

KORVIO COIN (KRO) AND DGT COIN.

86
Q

WHAT IS CEREBERUS FOSSAE?

A

THEY ARE A SERIES OF SEMI-PARALLEL FISSURES ON MARS FORMED BY FAULTS WHICH PULLED THE CRUST APART IN THE CERBERUS REGION.
MOST OF THE MARSQUAKES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS REGION.

87
Q

PROCESS AND SOURCE OF GREY HYDROGEN?

A

○ PROCESS- STEAM METHANE REFORMING OR GASIFICATION
○ SOURCE- METHANE OR COAL

88
Q

PROCESS AND SOURCE OF BLUE HYDROGEN?

A

○ PROCESS- STEAM METHANE REFORMING OR GASIFICATION WITH CARBON CAPTURE (85-95%).
○ SOURCE- METHANE OR COAL.

89
Q

PROCESS AND SOURCE OF TURQUOISE HYDROGEN?

A

○ PROCESS- PYROLYSIS
○ SOURCE- METHANE

90
Q

PROCESS AND SOURCE OF GREEN HYDROGEN?

A

○ PROCESS- ELECTROLYSIS
○ SOURCE- RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY

91
Q

GLOBAL TARGET TO ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS?

A

2030.

92
Q

INDIA’S TARGET TO ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS?

A

2027.
ALTHOUGH INDIA ACCOUNTS FOR A STAGGERING 40% OF ALL GLOBAL LF CASES.

93
Q

WHICH COUNTRIES RECENTLY ELIMINATED LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS?

A

LAO PDR BECAME THE SECOND COUNTRY IN 2023 AFTER BANGLADESH TO ELIMINATE LF.

94
Q

CAUSE OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS?

A

MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE
FILARIAL PARASITES ARE WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI, BRUGIA MALAYI, B.TIMORI.

95
Q

TREATMENT OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS?

A

TRIPLE DRUG THERAPY- IDA
IVERMECTIN, DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE, ALBENDAZOLE FOR 2 YEARS.

96
Q

WHAT IS PSYCHE MISSION AND ITS AIM?

A

IT IS A MISSION LAUNCHED BY NASA AIMED TO UNDERSTAND THE IRON CORE OF EARTH.
PSYCHE IS AN ASTEROID IN THE ASTEROID BELT AND IT’S COMPOSITION IS VERY SIMILAR TO EARTH’S OWN CORE.

97
Q

WHAT IS OCTANE NUMBER?

A

OCTANE NUMBER ALSO CALLED ANTI KNOCK RATING MEASURE OF THE ABILITY OF A FUEL TO RESIST KNOCKING WHEN IGNITED IN A MIXTURE WITH AIR IN THE CYLINDER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

98
Q

WHAT IS OCTANE NUMBER FOR REGULAR FUEL, PREMIUM FUEL AND REFERENCE FUEL?

A

ISO OCTANE RESISTS KNOCKING
HEPTANE KNOCKS READILY
○ REGULAR FUEL- 87% ISO OCTANE REST HEPTANE (OCTANE NUMBER 87)
○ PREMIUM FUEL- OCTANE NUMBER 91
○ REFERENCE FUEL- 97 OCTANE NUMBER.

99
Q

WHAT IS REFERENCE FUEL?

A

THEY ARE HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS USED TO CALIBRATE AND TEST VEHICLES BY AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS AND TESTING AGENCIES.
INDIA HAS LAUNCHED ITS FIRST REFERENCE FUEL IN COLLABORATION WITH INDIAN OIL CORPORATION BECOMING THE THIRD COUNTRY TO DO SO.

100
Q

DEFINE RARE DISEASE?

A

AS PER WHO IT IS OFTEN DEBILITATING LIFELONG DISEASE OR DISORDER CONDITION WITH A PREVALENCE OF 1 OR LESS PER 1000 POPULATION.
EXAMPLE- AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, HAEMOPHILIA, THALASSEMIA, GAUCHER’S DISEASE ETC.

101
Q

GROUPING OF RARE DISEASES AS PER NATIONAL POLICY FOR RARE DISEASE 2021?

A

○ GROUP 1- HAS DISORDERS CONTROLLABLE BY ONE TIME CURATIVE TREATMENT INCLUDING OSTEOPOROSIS AND FANCONI ANEMIA.
○ GROUP 2- HAS DISEASES REQUIRING LONG TERM OR LIFELONG TREATMENT WITH A RELATIVELY LOWER COST OF TREATMENT AND BENEFIT HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED IN LITERATURE, INCLUDING GALACTOSEMIA, SEVERE FOOD PROTEIN ALLERGY, AND HOMOCYSTINURIA.
○ GROUP 3- HAS DISEASES FOR WHICH DEFINITIVE TREATMENT IS AVAILABLE, BUT CHALLENGES ARE TO MAKE OPTIMAL PATIENT SELECTION FOR BENEFIT AND VERY HIGH COST AND LIFELONG THERAPY, COVERING DISEASES SUCH AS SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY (SMA), POMPE DISEASE, AND HUNTER SYNDROME.

102
Q

IMPLEMENTING MINISTRY FOR NATIONAL POLICY FOR TREATMENT OF RARE DISEASES, 2021?

A

MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE.

103
Q

HOW MUCH FINANCIAL SUPPORT IS GIVEN UNDER NATIONAL POLICY FOR TREATMENT OF RARE DISEASES, 2021?

A

SUPPORT OF UPTO RS 50 LAKHS TO THE PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM ANY CATEGORY OF THE RARE DISEASES.

104
Q

ARE INFANTILE HYPOPHOSPHATASIA AND NIEMANN PICK COVERED UNDER NATIONAL POLICY FOR TREATMENT OF RARE DISEASES, 2021?

A

ALTHOUGH THEY ARE RAREST OF THE RARE DISEASES BUT THEY ARE NOT COVERED UNDER NATIONAL POLICY FOR TREATMENT OF RARE DISEASES, 2021.

105
Q

WHAT IS REGIONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (RRTS)?

A

RRTS IS AN INTEGRATED, MASS TRANSIT NETWORK WHICH AIMS TO ENSURE BALANCED AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN SUSTAINED THROUGH BETTER CONFECTIONERY AND ACCESS ACROSS THE NCR.

106
Q

WHO BUILT THE NAMO BHARAT?

A

THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION TRANSPORT CORPORATION (NCRTC), A JOINT VENTURE OF THE CENTRE AND THE GOVERNMENTS OF DELHI, HARYANA, RAJASTHAN AND UTTAR PRADESH HAS BUILT THE RRTS, ALSO KNOWN NAMO BHARAT.

107
Q

WHAT IS NEXCAR19?

A

INDIA’S 1ST INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED CAR-T (CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) CELL THERAPY WHICH MODIFIES T CELLS BY TURNING THEM INTO POTENT CANCER FIGHTERS KNOWN AS CAR-T CELLS.
FOR B-CELL LYMPHOMAS.
CAR-T CELLS ARE OFTEN DESCRIBED AS THE LIVING DRUG BECAUSE THEY ACTIVELY SEARCH AND TARGET MALIGNANT CELLS.

108
Q

WHAT IS RED TEAMING?

A

THE DEVELOPERS SAFETY TESTS KNOWN AS RED TEAMING ARE AIMED AT ENSURING THAT NEW PRODUCTS DO NOT POSE A THREAT TO USERS OR THE PUBLIC AT LARGE.
THESE MEASURES WILL ENSURE AI SYSTEMS ARE SAFE, SECURE, AND TRUSTWORTHY BEFORE COMPANIES MAKE THEM PUBLIC.

109
Q

WHAT IS GO RED CAMPAIGN?

A

CAMPAIGN TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION, RAISE PUBLIC AWARENESS AND ERADICATE THE STIGMA ATTACHED TO DYSLEXIA AND OTHERS LEARNING DISORDERS.

110
Q

WHAT IS THE HABER PROCESS, ALSO CALLED THE HABER –BOSCH PROCESS?

A

THE HABER PROCESS, ALSO CALLED THE HABER –BOSCH PROCESS, IS THE MAIN INDUSTRIAL PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA.

111
Q

ZIKA VIRUS
1 CAUSED AND TRANSMITTED BY
2 CLINICAL FEATURES
3 TRANSMISSION
4 TREATMENT?

A

1 CAUSED BY A VIRUS TRANSMITTED BY AEDES MOSQUITO
2 CAUSES MICROCEPHALY AND GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME
3 MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION PRESENT AND CAN BE TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY.
4 THERE IS NO VACCINE.

112
Q

WHAT IS CASGEVY?

A

IT IS A THERAPY THAT USES PATIENTS OWN BLOOD STEM CELLS WHICH ARE EDITED USING CRISPR-CAS9 TO TREAT SICKLE CELL AND THALASSEMIA DISEASES.
A GENE CALLED BCL11A IS EDITED.

113
Q

SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF WORLDWIDE BLINDNEES?

A

ONCHOCERCIASIS. CLASSIFIED AS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASE BY WHO.

114
Q

OBJECTIVE OF INFUSE MISSION?

A

TO STUDY THE CYGNUS LOOP, A SUPERNOVA REMNANT.

115
Q

WHAT IS INFUSE MISSION?

A

INTEGRATED FIELD ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPE EXPERIMENT BY NASA.

116
Q

WHAT IS POMPE DISEASE?

A

ALSO KNOWN AS GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE 2 RARE GENETIC DISORDER CAUSED BY DEFICIENCY OF THE ENZYME ACID ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE (GAA). IT RESULTS IN THE ACCUMULATION OF GLYCOGEN IN CELLS, PARTICULARLY IN MUSCLES.
SYMPTOMS:- MUSCLE WEAKNESS, RESPIRATORY ISSUES, HEART PROBLEMS AND DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING.

117
Q

WHAT IS HD 110067?

A

AN EXOPLANET IN THE COMA BERENICES CONSTELLATION.

118
Q

WHAT IS DRESS SYNDROME?

A

THE DRUG RASH WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS (DRESS) SYNDROME IS A RARE AND POTENTIALLY LIFE THREATENING REACTION TO A MEDICATION.

119
Q

MINISTRY OF INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA COMMISSION (IPC)?

A

IT IS AN AUTONOMOUS BODY UNDER ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE.

120
Q

CHAIRPERSON OF INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA COMMISSION?

A

SECRETARY OF MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE.

121
Q

GOOGLE’S GEMINI VS CHAT GPT4?

A

1 GEMINI MORE FLEXIBLE THAN GPT4.
2 GEMINI’S ABILITY TO WORK WITH VIDEO AND IN DEVICES WITHOUT INTERNET GIVES IT AN EDGE.
3 CHATGPT CANNOT WORK CURRENTLY ON VIDEO, AT LEAST NOT NATIVELY.
4 GEMINI IS FREE TO USE WHILE GPT4 IS ONLY FOR PAID USERS.

122
Q

WHAT IS CITIPES IN NEWS RECENTLY?

A

FEATHERED PLANT EATING DINOSAUR.
MEAL OF GORGOSAURUS.

123
Q

WHICH ANIMAL IS ALSO KNOWN AS BANANA KILLERS?

A

TYRANNOSAURS REX.

124
Q

WHAT IS MOVING OFF INFORMATION SYSTEM?

A

MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS HAS PROPOSED THE INSTALLATION OF AN IN BUILT MOVING OFF INFORMATION SYSTEM (MOIS) IN CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF FOUR-WHEELER PASSENGER AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLES TO REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF COLLISION WITH PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY.

125
Q

MEMBERS OF GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

A

🇦🇷 ARGENTINA
🇦🇺 AUSTRALIA
🇧🇪 BELGIUM
🇧🇷 BRAZIL
🇨🇦 CANADA
🇨🇿 CZECH REPUBLIC
🇩🇰 DENMARK
🇫🇷 FRANCE
🇩🇪 GERMANY
🇮🇳 INDIA
🇮🇪 REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
🇮🇱 ISRAEL
🇮🇹 ITALY
JAPAN
🇲🇽 MEXICO
🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS
🇳🇿 NEW ZEALAND
🇵🇱 POLAND
🇰🇷 REPUBLIC OF KOREA
🇸🇳 SENEGAL
🇷🇸 SERBIA
🇸🇬 SINGAPORE
🇸🇮 SLOVENIA
🇪🇸 SPAIN
🇸🇪 SWEDEN
🇹🇷 TURKEY
🇬🇧 UNITED KINGDOM
🇺🇸 UNITED STATES
🇪🇺 EUROPEAN UNION
NOTE CHINA AND PAKISTAN ARE NOT MEMBERS.

126
Q

1ST CONTINENT TO SET CLEAR RULES FOR USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

A

EUROPEAN UNION 🇪🇺

127
Q

YOUTH FOR UNNATI AND VIKAS WITH AI (YUVAi) IS INITIATIVE OF?

A

IT IS A COLLABORATIVE INITIATIVE OF THE NATIONAL E-GOVERNANCE DIVISION- MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MeitY) AND INTEL INDIA.

128
Q

WHAT ARE PRESIDIO PRINCIPLES?

A

THE PRESIDIO PRINCIPLES AIM TO PROVIDE CREATORS OF BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATIONS WITH A BASELINE FOR DESIGNING SYSTEMS THAT PRESERVE THE RIGHTS OF THEIR PARTICIPANTS.

129
Q

WHAT IS POSH ACT 2013?

A

THE POSH ACT IS A LEGISLATION ENACTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IN 2013 TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT FACED BY WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE.

130
Q

OBJECTIVE OF WOMEN SCIENTISTS SCHEME?

A

TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES TO WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 27 AND 60 WHO HAVE TAKEN A BREAK IN THEIR CAREERS BUT WANT TO RETURN TO THE MAINSTREAM.

131
Q

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR WOMEN SCIENTISTS SCHEME?

A

1 EMPLOYMENT- WOMEN IN REGULAR EMPLOYMENT NOT ELIGIBLE.
2 EDUCATION- WHO HAVE PG DEGREE IN BASIC SCIENCES, GRADUATION OR PG DEGREE IN PROFESSIONAL COURSES AND PHD AND HAVE BREAK IN CAREER ARE ELIGIBLE.
PUPILS WHO ARE REGISTERED IN Ph.D AND RECIEVING ANY FELLOWSHIP ARE NOT ELIGIBLE.
3 BREAK IN CAREER- MINIMUM 2 YEARS BREAK IS REQUIRED AFTER A Ph.D AWARD.

132
Q

NODAL AGENCY FOR WOMEN SCIENTISTS SCHEME?

A

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

133
Q

WHAT ARE AKTOCYTE?

A

AKTOCYTE TABLETS HAVE BEEN EFFECTIVE, PARTICULARLY IN PELVIC CANCER PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM RADIOTHERAPY INDUCED CYSTITIS (BLOOD IN URINE).
THESE HAVE BEEN DESIGNED AS NUTRACEUTICAL.

134
Q

WHAT IS AMRIT TECHNOLOGY AND HOW DOES IT WORKS?

A

ARSENIC AND METAL REMOVAL BY INDIAN TECHNOLOGY.
USES NANO SCALE IRON OXY-HYDROXIDE, WHICH SELECTIVELY REMOVE ARSENIC WHEN WATER IS PASSED THROUGH IT.

135
Q

CAN WE USE AMRIT TECHNOLOGY FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES?

A

YES THIS WATER PURIFIER IS DEVELOPED FOR BOTH DOMESTIC AS WELL AS COMMUNITY LEVELS.

136
Q

WHAT IS IXCHIQ?

A

WORLD’S 1ST CHIKUNGUNYA VACCINE.
LIVE WEAKENED VIRUS USED.

137
Q

TRANSMISSION OF CHIKUNGUNYA DISEASE?

A

TRANSMITTED BY AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS MOSQUITOES.

138
Q

WHAT IS KRUTRIM?

A

INDIA’S ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL.
KRUTRIM IN SANSKRIT MEANS ARTIFICIAL.

139
Q

WHAT IS LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL (LLM)?

A

IT IS A TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) ALGORITHM THAT USES DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES AND MASSIVELY LARGE DATA SETS TO PERFORM A VARIETY OF NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP) TASKS TO UNDERSTAND, SUMMARIZE, GENERATE AND PREDICT NEW CONTENT.
THEY ARE ALSO REFERRED TO AS NEURAL NETWORKS AS THEY ARE IN EFFECT COMPUTING SYSTEMS INSPIRED BY THE HUMAN BRAIN. EG MMLU, HELLASWAG, BBH, PIQA AND ARC.

140
Q

WHICH DRUG IS KNOWN AS K OR SPECIAL K?

A

KETAMINE (ANESTHETIC).

141
Q

HUMANS ARE THE ONLY NATURAL HOSTS OF MEASLES VIRUS. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE.

142
Q

RARE METAL RECENTLY FOUND IN SUTLEJ?

A

TANTALUM.

143
Q

WHAT IS LANGLANDS PROGRAM?

A

PROGRAM IS AN ATTEMPT TO FIND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN TWO FAR FLUNG AREAS OF MATHEMATICS- NUMBER THEORY AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS.

144
Q

WHAT IS JN.1?

A

JN.1 IS A DESCENDANT OF BA.2.86 VARIANT (PIROLA). COVID 19.

145
Q

WHAT IS NOMA?

A

ALSO KNOWN AS CANCRUM ORIS OR GANGRENOUS STOMATITIS, IT IS A SEVERE DISEASE OF MOUTH AND FACE.
RECENTLY INCLUDED IN LIST OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES BY WHO.

146
Q

CAUSATIVE AGENT OF NOMA?

A

CAUSED BY SPIROCHETE BORRELIA VINCENTI IN ASSOCIATION WITH ANAEROBIC BACTERIA.

147
Q

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LIST?

A

TOTAL 21
1 BURULI ULCER
2 CHAGAS DISEASE
3 DENGUE AND CHIKUNGUNYA
4 TAENIASIS/CYSTICERCOSIS, TRACHOMA, AND YAWS AND OTHER ENDEMIC TREPONEMATOSES
5 DRACUNCULIASIS (GUINEA-WORM DISEASE)
6 ECHINOCOCCOSIS
7 FOOD BORNE TREMATODIASES
8 HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (SLEEPING SICKNESS)
9 LEISHMANIASIS
10 LEPROSY (HANSEN’s DISEASE)
11 LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
12 MYCETOMA
13 CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS AND OTHER DEEP MYCOSES
14 ONCHOCERCIASIS (RIVER BLINDNESS)
15 PODOCONIOSIS
16 RABIES
17 SCABIES AND OTHER ECTOPARASITOSES
18 SCHISTOSOMIASIS
19 SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASES
20 SNAKEBITE ENVENOMING
21 NOMA.

CURRENT AFFAIRS 2023 (10 decks)

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