ENVIRONMENT Flashcards
PARTICULATE POLLUTANT ARE ALSO KNOWN AS?
ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL PARTICLES OR
ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER OR
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER
SAMBAR DEER IS NATIVE TO?
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AND SOUTHEAST ASIA.
HABITAT OF SAMBAR DEER?
BOTH GENTLE SLOPES AND STEEPER PARTS OF FORESTED HILLSIDES.
SAMBAR DEER PRESENCE IN INDIA?
MAINLY FOUND IN CENTRAL INDIA EG KANHA, CORBETT, RANTHAMBORE, BANDHAVGARH, GIR, DUDHWA,MANAS,KAZIRANGA AND SARISKA.
SAMBAR DEER DIET AND HABIT?
HERBIVORES
NOCTURNAL
SAMBAR DEER MALE AND FEMALE. DO THEY LIVE IN GROUPS OR ALONE?
MALE LIVE ALONE FOR MUCH OF THE YEAR.
FEMALES LIVE IN SMALL HERDS.
SAMBAR DEER DEFENCE MECHANISM?
MALE USES THEIR ANTLERS.
FEMALE USES THEIR FEET.
SAMBAR DEER IS STATE ANIMAL OF ?
ODISHA.
SAMBAR DEER IUCN STATUS?
VULNERABLE.
SAMBAR DEER WPA STATUS?
SCHEDULE 1
CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS (CMS) IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL TREATY OF_______?
UNITED NATIONS.
CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS IS ALSO KNOWN AS?
THE BONN CONVENTION.
AIM OF CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS?
PROVIDE GLOBAL PLATFORM FOR THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF TERRESTRIAL, AQUATIC AND AVIAN MIGRATORY ANIMALS AND THEIR HABITATS.
CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS WAS SIGNED ON AND EFFECTIVE FROM?
SIGNED- NOVEMBER 1971
EFFECTIVE FROM NOVEMBER 1983
WHY CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS IS UNIQUE?
BECAUSE CNS IS THE ONLY GLOBAL CONVENTION SPECIALIZING IN THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES, THEIR HABITATS AND MIGRATION ROUTES.
WHO IS THE PRINCIPAL DECISION MAKING BODY OF CMS AND WHAT IS ITS COMPOSITION?
CONFERENCE OF PARTIES IS DECISION MAKING BODY
IT IS COMPOSED OF ALL STATE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION AS WELL AS ANY OBSERVERS THAT WISH TO PARTICIPATE.
AFTER HOW MUCH TIME COP’s OF CMS ARE HELD?
HELD AT LEAST EVERY 3 YEARS.
APPENDIX OF CMS?
APPENDIX 1- SPECIES THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION.
APPENDIX 2- SPECIES THAT NEED OR WOULD SIGNIFICANTLY BENEFIT FROM INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION.
IS INDIA A SIGNATORY TO CMS?
YES SINCE 1983.
GROUPS OF COMMON JACKAL OR GOLDEN JACKAL ARE CALLED?
PACKS.
DIET OF COMMON JACKAL?
EATS ALMOST EVERYTHING.
HABIT OF GOLDEN JACKAL?
BOTH NOCTURNAL AND DIURNAL.
WHEN LIVING NEARBY HUMAN SETTLEMENTS THEY ARE STRICTLY NOCTURNAL.
HABITATS OF GOLDEN JACKAL?
VALLEYS AND BESIDE RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES ETC.
ALSO FOUND IN DENSE THICKETS OF PRICKLY BUSHES, REED FLOOD LANDS, AND FORESTS.
DISTRIBUTION OF GOLDEN JACKAL?
NATIVE TO ASIA, SOUTHEAST ASIA, NORTH AFRICA, SUB SHARAN AFRICA, CENTRAL ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE BALKANS BUT ARE NOW ADVANCING NORTH AND WEST INTO EUROPE.
IUCN STATUS OF GOLDEN JACKAL.
LEAST CONCERN.
WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT STATUS OF GOLDEN JACKAL?
SCHEDULE 2.
WHAT IS MIYAWAKI METHOD?
IT IS A JAPANESE METHOD OF CREATING DENSE URBAN FORESTS IN SMALL AREAS BY PLANTING 2 TO 4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF INDIGENOUS TREES WITHIN EVERY SQUARE METRE OF THE PLANET.
MECHANISM BEHIND MIYAWAKI METHOD?
PLANTS ARE SO CLOSE TOGETHER, THEY SHOOT UP QUICKLY, COMPETING FOR SUNLIGHT. THUS, THEY GROW TO THEIR FULL LENGTH WITHIN 3 YEARS.
TREES BEING INDIGENOUS THEY ARE SELF SUSTAINING AND DON’T REQUIRE REGULAR MAINTENANCE LIKE MANURING AND WATERING.
HOW IS MIYAWAKI METHOD USEFUL?
1 ABSORBS DUST PARTICLES.
2 REGULATE SURFACE TEMPERATURE.
3 REGULATE CARBON LEVELS OF GIVEN AREA.
EXAMPLE OF MIYAWAKI FOREST IN INDIA?
1 FIRST SUCH FOREST WAS CREATED IN BHAKTI PARK, CHEMBUR- MUMBAI.
2 KERALA- VIDYAVANAM.
3 INDUSTRIAL NEIGHBORHOOD IN MAROL( ANDEHRI EAST).
4 CHANDIVALI’s NAHAR AMRUT SHAKTI UDYAN-MUMBAI.
SOME EXAMPLES OF PLANTS UNDER MIYAWAKI FOREST?
ANJAN
AMALA
ARJUN
BEL
GUNJ
DIRECT SEEDING OF RICE (DSR) TECHNIQUE?
PADDY IS SOWN DIRECTLY IN THE FIELD WITHOUT ANY NURSERY PREPARATION, PUDDLING OR FLOODING.
HERBICIDES USED IN DIRECT SEEDING OF RICE TECHNIQUE?
PENDIMETHALIN (PRE EMERGENT HERBICIDE)- SPRAYED WITHIN 24 HOURS OF SOWING.
BISPYRIBAC SODIUM (POST EMERGENT HERBICIDE)- 20-25 DAYS AFTER SOWING, WHEN THE CROPS’s MAIN STEM HAS PRODUCED 2-3 LEAVES.
WHY DSR HASN’T PICKED UP?
1 SUBSIDIZED OR EVEN FREE ELECTRICITY.
2 PROVIDING FARMERS LITTLE INCENTIVE TO DEPLOY WATER SAVING TECHNOLOGY.
3 LACK OF GOOD MACHINES- THE DSR SEED DRILL MACHINES MOSTLY SOW ROW-TO-ROW AND DON’T GET THE PLANT-TO-PLANT DISTANCE RIGHT.
HERBICIDE USED IN TRANSPLANTING?
THE FLOODED FIELDS BASICALLY DENY OXYGEN TO THE WEED SEEDS IN THE SOIL, PREVENTING THEIR GERMINATION. WATER THUS ACTS AS A NATURAL HERBICIDE.
INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE FRESHWATER OR BRACKISH WATER SPECIES? WHY IN NEWS?
FRESHWATER.
56 TURTLES DIED IN FIRE IN KASARGOD (KERALA).
RANGE OF INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE?
BANGLADESH, INDIA, MYANMAR, NEPAL, PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA.
HABITAT OF INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE?
SHALLOW, QUIET, OFTEN STAGNANT WATERS OF RIVERS, STREAMS, MARSHES, PONDS, LAKES AND IRRIGATION CANALS AND TANKS.
PREFER WATER WITH SAND OR MUD BOTTOMS BECAUSE OF THEIR TENDENCY TO BURROW.
HABIT OF INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE?
THEY ARE GENERALLY SOLITARY AND ACTIVE DURING THE DAY.
DIET OF INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE?
OMNIVORES.
REDUCE POLLUTION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS BY FEEDING ON SNAILS, INSECTS AND FRAGMENTS OF DEAD ANIMALS.
HOW INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE SURVIVE DROUGHT CONDITIONS?
BY ENTERING AESTIVATION.
IUCN STATUS OF INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE?
VULNERABLE.
WPA OF INDIAN FLAPSHELL TURTLE?
SCHEDULE 1.
WHAT IS CLIMATE CLOCK?
IT IS A CLOCK THAT SHOWS US THE TIME LEFT FOR CLIMATE CORRECTION OF A CERTAIN LEVEL.
IT TELLS US WHAT TO DO AND BY WHEN.
HABITAT OF SPERM WHALE?
IT IS FOUND IN TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL WATERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
CONSERVATION STATUS OF SPERM WHALE?
IUCN: VULNERABLE
CITES: APPENDIX 1
WPA 1972: SCHEDULE 2.
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY OF PROJECT CHEETAH?
IT IS BEING IMPLEMENTED BY NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION AUTHORITY (NTCA), A STATUTORY BODY UNDER MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (MoEF&CC) IN COLLABORATION WITH MADHYA PRADESH FOREST DEPARTMENT, WILDLIFE INSTITUTE OF INDIA (WII) AND CHEETAH EXPERTS FROM NAMIBIA AND SOUTH AFRICA.
FASTEST LAND MAMMAL IS?
ASIATIC CHEETAH AND IT IS THE ONLY CAT WITHOUT RETRACTABLE CLAWS.
CAMOUFLAGE OF ASIATIC CHEETAH?
OVAL SHAPED SPOTS KNOWN AS ROSETTES SERVE AS CAMOUFLAGE.
EXTINCTION OF ASIATIC CHEETAH FROM INDIA?
IN 1952 IT WAS OFFICIALLY DECLARED EXTINCT FROM INDIA.
GESTATION PERIOD OF CHEETAH?
GESTATION (PREGNANCY) PERIOD FOR CHEETAH IS 93 DAYS.
IUCN STATUS OF ASIATIC CHEETAH?
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED.
ASIATIC CHEETAH ARE PRESENT IN WHICH COUNTRY AT PRESENT?
THEY ARE LEFT ONLY IN IRAN.
IUCN STATUS OF AFRICAN CHEETAH?
VULNERABLE.
RECENTLY, THE 1ST MEETING OF GLOBAL GIBBON NETWORK (GGN) WAS HELD AT WHICH PLACE?
HAIKOU, CHINA.
THE ONLY SPECIES OF APE FOUND IN INDIA IS?
HOOLOCK GIBBON.
HABITAT OF HOOLOCK GIBBON?
LIVES IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FORESTS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN PART OF ASIA.
THREATS TO HOOLOCK GIBBON?
FELLING OF TREES.
HABITAT OF WESTERN HOOLOCK GIBBON?
IT INHABITS ALL THE STATES OF THE NORTH EAST, RESTRICTED BETWEEN THE SOUTH OF THE BRAHMPUTRA RIVER AND EAST OF THE DIBANG RIVER. AND OUTSIDE INDIA, IT IS FOUND IN EASTERN BANGLADESH AND NORTH WEST MYANMAR.
MAJORITY OF GIBBONS FOUND IN INDIA BELONG TO WESTERN SPECIES.
CONSERVATION STATUS OF WESTERN HOOLOCK GIBBON?
IUCN: ENDANGERED
WPA 1972: SCHEDULE 1
HABITAT OF EASTERN HOOLOCK GIBBON?
IT INHABITS SPECIFIC POCKETS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH AND ASSAM IN INDIA, AND IN SOUTHERN CHINA AND NORTH EAST MYANMAR OUTSIDE INDIA.
CONSERVATION STATUS OF EASTERN HOOLOCK GIBBON?
IUCN: VULNERABLE
WPA: SCHEDULE 1
GLOBAL GIBBON NETWORK (GGN) IS ORGANIZED BY?
HAINAN INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL PARKS AND ECO FOUNDATION GLOBAL.
GLOBAL THUMB RULE REGARDING WEIGHT OF RADIO COLLARS?
THE THUMB RULE IS TO KEEP THE WEIGHT OF A RADIO COLLAR TO LESS THAN 3% OF THE ANIMAL’S BODY WEIGHT.
POSSIBLE FACTORS FOR DEATH OF KUNO CHEETAHS?
○ CHEETAHS GROW A WINTER COAT WHICH IS MORE FURRY COMPARED TO THE COATS OF TIGERS OR LEOPARDS. SO IT WOULD HOLD MORE WATER AND TAKE LONGER TO DRY. THE WET MAT EFFECT COULD WEAKEN THE SKIN OVER TIME.
○ DURING MOVEMENT, THE FORCES EXERTED BY COLLARS WERE GENERALLY EQUIVALENT OF UP TO FIVE TIMES THE COLLARS WEIGHT FOR A LION AND A MASSIVE 18 TIME FOR A CHEETAH.
○ THESE ANIMALS COULD BE VULNERABLE TO CERTAIN LOCAL PATHOGENS TO WHICH INDIAN TIGERS AND LEOPARDS MAY BE IMMUNE.
WHAT IS GRADED RESPONSE ACTION PLAN (GRAP) AND WHEN WAS IT APPROVED?
IT IS A SET OF EMERGENCY MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN THE DELHI-NCR REGION TO PREVENT FURTHER DETERIORATION OF AIR QUALITY ONCE IT REACHES SPECIFIC THRESHOLD LEVELS.
IT WAS APPROVED BY THE SUPREME COURT IN 2016 AND OFFICIALLY NOTIFIED IN 2017.
PROJECT TIGER AND PROJECT ELEPHANT HAVE BEEN MERGED INTO A NEW DIVISION CALLED THE ____________ UNDER THE MINISTRY OF?
PROJECT TIGER ELEPHANT DIVISION UNDER THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE.
PROTECTION STATUS OF TIGER?
WPA- SCHEDULE 1
IUCN- ENDANGERED
CITES-APPENDIX 1
PROJECT TIGER WAS LAUNCHED BY?
PM INDIRA GANDHI ON APRIL 1,1973 FROM JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK, UTTARAKHAND.
PROJECT ELEPHANT WAS LAUNCHED BY?
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IN YEAR 1992 AS A CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME.
WHAT IS IPCC?
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE IS THE UNITED NATIONS BODY FOR ASSESSING THE SCIENCE RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE WAS SET UP IN AND BY?
SET UP IN 1988 BY THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION (WMO) AND THE UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP).
SPECIES OF VULTURES FOUND IN INDIA AND THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS?
○ INDIAN VULTURE OR LONG-BILLED VULTURE (GYPS INDICUS): CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
○ INDIAN WHITE-BACKED VULTURE (GYPS BENGALENSIS): CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
○ RED-HEADED VULTURE (SARCOGYPSCALVUS): CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
○ SLENDER-BILLED VULTURE (GYPS TENUIROSTRIS): CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
○ EGYPTIAN VULTURE (NEOPHRONPERCNOPTERUS): ENDANGERED
○ CINCEROUS VULTURE (AEGYPIUSMONACHUS): NEAR THREATENED
○ BEARDED VULTURE (GYPAETUSBARBATUS): NEAR THREATENED
○ HIMALAYAN VULTURE (GYPS HIMALAYANSIS): NEAR THREATENED
○ GRIFFIN VULTURE (GYPS FULVUS): LEAST CONCERN.
HIMALAYAN VULTURE CONSERVATION STATUS?
CITES: APPENDIX 2
WPA: SCHEDULE 1
AIR QUALITY LIFE INDEX (AQLI) REPORT IS RELEASED BY?
ENERGY POLICY INSTITUTE AT UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO (EPIC).
ALLIGATOR GAR FISH HAS BEEN RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN?
JAMMU AND KASHMIR’s DAL LAKE.
WHY ALLIGATOR GAR FISH IS A CAUSE OF CONCERN?
IT IS ALIEN FISH SPECIES WHICH CAN POSE A THREAT TO THE NATIVE FISH SPECIES.
FEATURES OF ALLIGATOR GAR FISH?
○ EURYHALINE RAY FINNED FISH.
○ CAN BREATHE IN WATER AS WELL AS ABOVE WATER.
DISTRIBUTION, DIET AND IUCN CONSERVATION STATUS OF ALLIGATOR GAR FISH?
○ MOSTLY FOUND IN SOUTHERN US AND ALSO IN MEXICO.
○ CARNIVORES.
○ LEAST CONCERN.
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ORCHIDS?
○ DON’T GROW IN POLLUTED AIR- NATURAL GAUGES OF AIR QUALITY.
○ CROSS POLLINATION- ATTRACT POLLINATORS.
CONSERVATION STATUS OF ORCHIDS?
ALMOST ALL ORCHIDS ARE INCLUDED IN APPENDIX-2
SOME ORCHIDS SUCH AS PAPHIOPEDILUM SP ARE IN APPENDIX 1 OF CITES.
CONSERVATION STATUS OF WHITE RUMPED VULTURES?
IUCN - CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
WPA- SCHEDULE 1
IUCN STATUS OF RED EARED SLIDER TURTLE?
LEAST CONCERN.
WHAT IS HASARIUS MUMBAI?
IT IS A JUMPING SPIDER RECENTLY FOUND IN MUMBAI.
EAGLE NESTS ARE CALLED?
ARIES.
CONSERVATION STATUS OF BALD EAGLE?
IUCN- LEAST CONCERN
CITES- APPENDIX 2
WHAT IS PROJECT DEVIKA?
NORTH INDIA’S RIVER REJUVENATION PROJECT.
SHARING OF ALLOCATION UNDER PROJECT DEVIKA?
90:10 BY THE CENTRE AND UT RESPECTIVELY.
PROJECT DEVIKA IS CONSTRUCTED BY?
URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT (UEED).
ORIGIN OF RIVER DEVIKA?
IT ORIGINATES FROM THE HILLY SUDDHA MAHADEV TEMPLE IN UDHAMPUR DISTRICT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND FLOWS DOWN TOWARDS WESTERN PUNJAB (NOW IN PAKISTAN) WHERE IT MERGES WITH THE RAVI RIVER.