Science Flashcards
If the ratio is 1:3 is the drawing bigger or smaller than the actual object?
Bigger
If the ratio is 2:1 is the drawing bigger or smaller than the actual object?
Smaller
Do hardwoods have leaves or needles?
Leaves.
Do softwoods have leaves or needles?
Needles.
What is hardness?
The ability to resist scratching or denting.
What is rigidity?
The ability to resist deforming when a force is applied.
What is resilience?
The ability to resist impact.
What is malleability?
The ability to be shaped or flattened into a thin sheet.
What is brittleness?
Will shatter apon impact.
What is elasticity?
Ability to deform and return to the origional shape.
What is ductility?
Ability to be shaped into a wire.
What is electrical conductivity?
Ability to allow electrons to flow through.
What is thermal conductivity?
Ability to allow heat to flow through.
What is corrosion resistance?
Ability to resist rusting.
What makes a metal an alloy?
Adding iron.
What makes a metal/alloy ferrous?
Adding iron or steel.
What is the degree of the angle in an isometric projection?
30 degrees.
What is the degree of the angle in an oblique projection?
45 degrees.
An object line shows…..
… The visible details in an object.
A hidden line shows…..
….. The hidden details of an object.
The dimension line……
…. indicates a dimension
The extention line shows…..
Where a measurment begins and ends.
The diameter symbol…..
…. Indicates a diameter measurement.
The center and symmetry lines show….
….. The center of a circle or a hole.
How do you draw an object line?
It’s just a straight line. ex. _____
How do you draw a hidden line?
It’s a broken up line (dashes). ex. - - - -
How do you draw a dimension line?
Using arrows ← → (skinnier)
What 2 lines always appear together?
Dimension and extention lines.
How do you draw an extension line?
Two little parallel lines. ex. l l
How do you draw a diameter symbol?
Draw an ‘o’ with a diagonal line through it. ex. Ø
What is tension?
A pulling force. ex. tug of war, swing
What is compression?
A squeezing force.
What is tortion?
A twisting force. ex. wringing out a towel.
What is deflection?
A bending force. ex. a balance beam.
What is shearing?
A cutting force. ex. ripping a piece of paper.
What are the symbols for tension?
← →
What are the symbols for compression?
→ ←
What are the symbols for deflection?
↓
———
↑ ↑
What are the symbols for tortion?
🔁 (kinda)
What are the symbols for shearing?
→
← (except they’ll closer and are full arrows. you should know this.)
Are the arrows big or skinny when being drawn to show force?
Big.
What are examples of hardwood?
Alder, balsa, beech, hickory, mahogany, maple, oak, teak, and walnut.
What are examples of softwood?
Cedar, douglas fir, juniper, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew
What are examples of ferrous alloys?
Steel, stainless steel, Cast iron.
What are the main propterties of metals?
Electrical and thermal conductivity, Rigidity, rescilience, Ductility and malleability.
Pure metals are found where?
The earth’s crust.
What is our galaxy called?
The milky way
How long ago was the big bang?
13.8 billion years ago.
How many km is an astronomical unit?
150 million km.
What is the distance between us and the closest planet to us (Venus)?
40 million km.
What is the distance between us and the sun?
1 astronomical unit.
What is the astronomical unit used for?
To measure distances inside our solar system.
What is a light year used to measure?
Distances outside our solar system.
How many km is a light year?
9460 billion km.
What is the sun?
A flaming ball of gas.
What is the closest galaxy to us?
Andromeda.
What is the mneomic device used to remeber the plantets in order?
My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nachos.
What is the dwarf planet?
Pluto.
What is the most accepted theory as to how the universe was created?
The Big Bang Theory.
What is a nebula?
A cloud of gas that will a star.
What makes life on earth possible?
Water, The ideal size of the planet, a lithosphere (the solid surface we stand on), to be in the habitable zone, a circular orbit (so the heat of the sun is evenly distributed) and an atmosphere.
What is pasteurization?
Partial sterilization of liquids such as milk, wine, orange juice and beer.
How does pasteurization work?
Heat the liquid to a certain temperature to get rid of harmful organisms then rapidly cool it, to not spoil it.
What did Miller and Urey try to re-create?
The atmosphere of the early Earth.
What are the gases Miller and Urey used in their experiment to mimic the early Earth?
Methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water.
How many cells are there in the human body?
10 trillion.
What is the early stage of an embryo called?
A zygote.
What is a stem cell?
A ‘blank slate’. A cell that has no assigned purpose, commonly found in umbilical cords.
What are the 3 main organelles?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
Allows substances to come in and out of the cell. Gives the cell shape.
What is the despcription of a cell membrane?
A thin skin that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
What is the function of a cytoplasm?
Allows substances to circulate inside the cell. Gives the cell shape.
What is the description of a cytoplasm?
It is a semi fluid material surrounding the organelles.
What is the function of a nucleus?
Contains DNA. The control center of the cell.
What is the description of a nucleus?
Circular organelle located in the middle of the cell.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine. (A, G, T, C is also acceptable.)
What are the 2 molecules on the sides of the DNA ladder?
Sugar and phosphate.
What are the pairs the nitrogen bases can form in?
A and T. C and G.
How many chromosone pairs does the average human have?
23.
If a human’s 23rd chromosone is ‘xx’ are they male or female?
Female.
If a human’s 23rd chromosone is ‘xy’ are they male or female?
Male.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?
Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.
What is the function of a skeletal muscle?
It holds the bones and muscles together.
What is the function of a smooth muscle?
Making your hair stand on it’s end, digestive systems. Things you dont control first hand (ex. breathing).
What is the function of a cardiac muscle?
It is the muscle for your heart. It has a unique structure.
What is the nerve tissue made up of?
Neurons.
How do cells reproduce?
Asexually. By splitting and making copies of themselves.
What is the only cell that does not reproduce?
Neurons. Once you loose them, they’re gone.
What is meiosis?
When cells perform a type of cell division that four reproductive cells that are genetically different.
What is mitosis?
When the cells partake in asexual reproduction by splitting and making copies of themselves.
What are reproductive cells also called?
Gametes.
What does DNA coil up to form?
Chromozones.
What are the 4 types of tissues?
Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, Epithelial and connective tissues.
What is cell cultures?
Cell culture is a process by which cells are reproduced outside the organism they come from. Cell cultures are used to develop vaccines and to create tissues like skin to treat severe burns.
Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus.
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA.
What does GMO stand for?
Genetically Modified Organisms.
What is a GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms)?
GMO is a living organism whose genetic material has been modified by introducing new genes into its DNA, to obtain new characteristics.
How is GMO modified?
By introducing new genes into its DNA, to obtain new characteristics.
