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Afoqt 2020 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Electrons orbit the nucleus in levels called

A

Shells

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2
Q

Outermost shell that is involved in chemical reactions

A

Valence

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3
Q

Same element with differing neutrons

A

Isotope

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4
Q

Same element differing electrons

A

Ions

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5
Q

Covalent bonds the atoms share

A

Electrons

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6
Q

Two ions with opposite charges bind together in an

A

Ionic bond

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7
Q

Uniformly distributed mixture

A

Homogenous mixture

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8
Q

Solvent

A

Water /liquid being dissolved in

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9
Q

The material being dissolved

A

Solute

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10
Q

Maximum saturdation no more solute can disolve

A

Saturated solution

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11
Q

Starting substances of a chemical reaction are called

A

Reagents is reactants

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12
Q

Two compounds combine to form single product in

A

Synthesized reaction

C + O2 = co2

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13
Q

Reaction occurs when oxygen is in the pretense of heat. Usually an organic compound.

A

Combustion reaction.

CH4 + 2O2 = co2 + 2h2o

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14
Q

When an element loses electrons it’s is

A

Oxidized

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15
Q

Which type of chemical reaction takes place when kerosene reacts with oxygen

A

Combustion

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16
Q

Acids produce

A

Hydrogen

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17
Q

Bases produce

A

Hydroxide

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18
Q

Have quantity but no direction

A

Scalars was

Eg distance
Speed

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19
Q

Has both quantity and direction

A

Vectors

Eg disolacement
Velocity
Acceleration

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20
Q

Different forces

A 
Gravity
Tension
Friction
Normal force 
Buyoant.
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21
Q

The energy stored in a book placed on a table is ——— and is derived from earth gravity

A

Gravitational potential energy

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22
Q

Electric potential energy is

A

Derived from interaction between positive and negative charges

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23
Q

Does not need a medium to transfer energy

A

Radiation

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24
Q

Energy transfer when two substances touch or pan to stove

A

Conduction

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25
Q

Transfers energy through circular movement of air or liquids

A

Convection

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26
Q

Waves that travel through a medium like ripples on a pond or compressions in a slinky are called

A

Mechanical waves

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27
Q

Waves that vibrate up and down

A

Transverse

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28
Q

Waves that travel through compression

A

Longitudinal waves

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29
Q

A waves highest point and lowest point

A

Crest and trough

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30
Q

Distance between the midline and the crest

A

Amplitude

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31
Q

Distance between crest

A

Wavelength

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32
Q

Number of cycles a wave goes through in a specific period of time

A

Frequency

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33
Q

Special type of longitudinal wave created by vibrations

A

Sound

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34
Q

Loudness depends on

A

Amplitude or height if crest

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35
Q

Created by a difference in the balance of protons and electrons

A

Electric charge

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36
Q

Materials that attract electrons well

A

Conductors

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37
Q

Doesn’t conduct electricity well

A

Insulator

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38
Q

Closed loop through which electricity moves

A

Circuit

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39
Q

Current is measured in

A

Amps

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40
Q

Which metal conducts electricity

A

Iron

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41
Q

Earth lines up between the moon and the sun

A

Lunar eclipse

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42
Q

Mineral is a

A

Naturally occurring, solid, inorganic substance with crystalline structure

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43
Q

Is naturally occurring but can be organic or inorganic and composed of numerous minerals

A

Rock

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44
Q

Rock formed by tectonic pressures that bring magma to the surface

A

Igneous

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45
Q

Rock formed by compaction of rocks resulting from weathering and erosion

A

Sedimentary

46
Q

Extreme pressure and temperature form these rocks

A

Metamorphic

47
Q

Earths surface layer

A

Lithosphere

The asthenosphere and mesosphere and core

48
Q

A reaction in which a htmydrocarbon reacts with o2 to produce co2 and h20

A

Tcombustion

49
Q

The ozone layer is in the

A

Stratosphere

50
Q

No more Solute can be dissolved in a

A

Saturated solution.

51
Q

Sound waves are what kind of wave

A

Longitudinal

52
Q

X-rays and microwaves are examples of what kind of waves

A

Electromagnetic waves which are transverse waves

53
Q

light waves and ocean waves are

A

Transverse

54
Q

Resistance is measured in

A

Ohms

55
Q

Elements in a circuit that resist electron flow are called

A

Resistors

56
Q

Armosphere levels

A 
Troposphere 
Stratosphere 
Mesosphere 
Thermosohere
Exosphere
57
Q

The amount of heat needed by a substance to result in a change in temperature. It is mass dependent.

A

Heat capacity

58
Q

A property of a substance that indicates the amount of heat that is released when one mole of the substance combust

A

Hear of combustion

59
Q

Columns on the periodic table are known as

A

Groups

60
Q

Electric potential is measured in

A

Volts

61
Q

A charged atom

A

Ion

62
Q

The amount of heat that a substance will absorb or release during a phase change while the temperature remains constant

A

Latent heat

63
Q

The measure of the amount of matter in something

A

Mass

64
Q

Any substance that has both volume and mass

A

Matter

65
Q

A positive ion is called

A

Cation

66
Q

Avogadro’s number or mole

A

6.022 x 10^23

67
Q

The smallest group of chemically bonded atoms that can exist and still react and retain the properties of a substance

A

Molecule

68
Q

A unit of force equal to 1 kg meter per second squared

A

Newton

69
Q

Horizontal row on the periodic table

A

Period

70
Q

A particle with zero mass the transmit light or other electromagnetic radiation

A

Photon

71
Q

Atomic mass equals

A

Protons plus neutrons

72
Q

The horizontal row is based on

A

The shell that the outermost electron occupies

73
Q

The column is based on

A

Number Of electrons in the outer shell

74
Q

The most dangerous form of radioactive decay

A

Gamma radiation

75
Q

Known as the conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred

A

First law of thermodynamics

76
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Law of entropy. Just ordered will always increasing in natural

77
Q

The law of conservation of matter

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed only rearranged

78
Q

Celsius equals

A

5/9 (F-32)

79
Q

Fahrenheit equals

A

9/5C + 32

80
Q

Energy required to move an electron

A

Ionization energy

81
Q

Ideal gas law

A

Explains the relationship between pressure volume and temperature. Or pressure molecules together that’s pressure expand

82
Q

The term for the amount of heat required to complete a phase change

A

Latent heat

83
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion.

84
Q

When an atom gains electrons and becomes a negative ion or anion it’s name changes to end with

A

Ide. Ex Floride

85
Q

Sharing of valence electrons between Adams

A

Covalent bond

86
Q

An exothermic reaction the energy

A

Exits the system

87
Q

And endothermic reaction the energy

A

Enters the system

88
Q

Chemical reaction involving smaller reactants being combined into larger products

A

Synthesis or combination

2Li + F^2 = 2LiF

89
Q

Reaction were larger reactants break down into smaller products

A

Decomposition

CaCO3 = CaO + CO2

90
Q

Reaction requires pure oxygen as a reactant and release a large amount of energy as heat or light

A

Combustion

C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O

91
Q

Single element replacing one component in a compound

A

Single replacement.

Ni + 2HCI = NiCl2 + H2

92
Q

Double replacement

A

AgNO3 + KCl = AgCl + KNO3

93
Q

Any reaction that has carbon and hydrogen as components

A

Organic reaction

94
Q

Solvent

A

The larger part of a mixture. Water.

95
Q

The study of the effects of energy and forces on objects

A

Mechanics

96
Q

Scalar quantities

A

Only magnitude. Time, area or speed

97
Q

Vector

A

Magnitude and direction including displacement velocity momentum and acceleration

98
Q

Velocity equals

A

Change in distance / change in time

99
Q

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Newton’s their law.

100
Q

The amount of Current created by a voltage Source is measured in

A

Amps

101
Q

Transverse waves move at right angles to the direction that

A

The wave is moving

102
Q

On a very hot day ocean water can be refreshing even when the sand on the beach burns your feet is an example of the difference of

A

Specific heat capacity

103
Q

What is the best description of the relationship between temperature and energy is ice melts

A

The temperature remains of the melting point has the potential energy of the system increases

104
Q

What is the correct name for the Covakently bonded moleculePH3

A

Phosphorous trihydride

In a covalent bond names are men in the same order. Second element and and I DE

105
Q

Endothermic brings energy

A

In. Eg melting.

106
Q

Freezing Condensing and deposition are examples of

A

Endothermic process

107
Q

Centripetal forces are

A

In word pulling forces

108
Q

Which type of cloud is associated with fair weather and is composed of ice crystals

A

Citrus

109
Q

Weight is created by

A

Gravitational pull

110
Q

Valence electrons are important in a circuit because

A

They carry the charge in conducting materials

111
Q

Which planet does not have a moon

A

Mercury

112
Q

Acid or base ionizes in water?

A

Strong acid

Afoqt 2020 (6 decks)

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