Science Flashcards
Electrons orbit the nucleus in levels called
Shells
Outermost shell that is involved in chemical reactions
Valence
Same element with differing neutrons
Isotope
Same element differing electrons
Ions
Covalent bonds the atoms share
Electrons
Two ions with opposite charges bind together in an
Ionic bond
Uniformly distributed mixture
Homogenous mixture
Solvent
Water /liquid being dissolved in
The material being dissolved
Solute
Maximum saturdation no more solute can disolve
Saturated solution
Starting substances of a chemical reaction are called
Reagents is reactants
Two compounds combine to form single product in
Synthesized reaction
C + O2 = co2
Reaction occurs when oxygen is in the pretense of heat. Usually an organic compound.
Combustion reaction.
CH4 + 2O2 = co2 + 2h2o
When an element loses electrons it’s is
Oxidized
Which type of chemical reaction takes place when kerosene reacts with oxygen
Combustion
Acids produce
Hydrogen
Bases produce
Hydroxide
Have quantity but no direction
Scalars was
Eg distance
Speed
Has both quantity and direction
Vectors
Eg disolacement
Velocity
Acceleration
Different forces
Gravity Tension Friction Normal force Buyoant.
The energy stored in a book placed on a table is ——— and is derived from earth gravity
Gravitational potential energy
Electric potential energy is
Derived from interaction between positive and negative charges
Does not need a medium to transfer energy
Radiation
Energy transfer when two substances touch or pan to stove
Conduction
Transfers energy through circular movement of air or liquids
Convection
Waves that travel through a medium like ripples on a pond or compressions in a slinky are called
Mechanical waves
Waves that vibrate up and down
Transverse
Waves that travel through compression
Longitudinal waves
A waves highest point and lowest point
Crest and trough
Distance between the midline and the crest
Amplitude
Distance between crest
Wavelength
Number of cycles a wave goes through in a specific period of time
Frequency
Special type of longitudinal wave created by vibrations
Sound
Loudness depends on
Amplitude or height if crest
Created by a difference in the balance of protons and electrons
Electric charge
Materials that attract electrons well
Conductors
Doesn’t conduct electricity well
Insulator
Closed loop through which electricity moves
Circuit
Current is measured in
Amps
Which metal conducts electricity
Iron
Earth lines up between the moon and the sun
Lunar eclipse
Mineral is a
Naturally occurring, solid, inorganic substance with crystalline structure
Is naturally occurring but can be organic or inorganic and composed of numerous minerals
Rock
Rock formed by tectonic pressures that bring magma to the surface
Igneous
Rock formed by compaction of rocks resulting from weathering and erosion
Sedimentary
Extreme pressure and temperature form these rocks
Metamorphic
Earths surface layer
Lithosphere
The asthenosphere and mesosphere and core
A reaction in which a htmydrocarbon reacts with o2 to produce co2 and h20
Tcombustion
The ozone layer is in the
Stratosphere
No more Solute can be dissolved in a
Saturated solution.
Sound waves are what kind of wave
Longitudinal
X-rays and microwaves are examples of what kind of waves
Electromagnetic waves which are transverse waves
light waves and ocean waves are
Transverse
Resistance is measured in
Ohms
Elements in a circuit that resist electron flow are called
Resistors
Armosphere levels
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosohere Exosphere
The amount of heat needed by a substance to result in a change in temperature. It is mass dependent.
Heat capacity
A property of a substance that indicates the amount of heat that is released when one mole of the substance combust
Hear of combustion
Columns on the periodic table are known as
Groups
Electric potential is measured in
Volts
A charged atom
Ion
The amount of heat that a substance will absorb or release during a phase change while the temperature remains constant
Latent heat
The measure of the amount of matter in something
Mass
Any substance that has both volume and mass
Matter
A positive ion is called
Cation
Avogadro’s number or mole
6.022 x 10^23
The smallest group of chemically bonded atoms that can exist and still react and retain the properties of a substance
Molecule
A unit of force equal to 1 kg meter per second squared
Newton
Horizontal row on the periodic table
Period
A particle with zero mass the transmit light or other electromagnetic radiation
Photon
Atomic mass equals
Protons plus neutrons
The horizontal row is based on
The shell that the outermost electron occupies
The column is based on
Number Of electrons in the outer shell
The most dangerous form of radioactive decay
Gamma radiation
Known as the conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Law of entropy. Just ordered will always increasing in natural
The law of conservation of matter
Matter cannot be created or destroyed only rearranged
Celsius equals
5/9 (F-32)
Fahrenheit equals
9/5C + 32
Energy required to move an electron
Ionization energy
Ideal gas law
Explains the relationship between pressure volume and temperature. Or pressure molecules together that’s pressure expand
The term for the amount of heat required to complete a phase change
Latent heat
Anion
Negatively charged ion.
When an atom gains electrons and becomes a negative ion or anion it’s name changes to end with
Ide. Ex Floride
Sharing of valence electrons between Adams
Covalent bond
An exothermic reaction the energy
Exits the system
And endothermic reaction the energy
Enters the system
Chemical reaction involving smaller reactants being combined into larger products
Synthesis or combination
2Li + F^2 = 2LiF
Reaction were larger reactants break down into smaller products
Decomposition
CaCO3 = CaO + CO2
Reaction requires pure oxygen as a reactant and release a large amount of energy as heat or light
Combustion
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O
Single element replacing one component in a compound
Single replacement.
Ni + 2HCI = NiCl2 + H2
Double replacement
AgNO3 + KCl = AgCl + KNO3
Any reaction that has carbon and hydrogen as components
Organic reaction
Solvent
The larger part of a mixture. Water.
The study of the effects of energy and forces on objects
Mechanics
Scalar quantities
Only magnitude. Time, area or speed
Vector
Magnitude and direction including displacement velocity momentum and acceleration
Velocity equals
Change in distance / change in time
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton’s their law.
The amount of Current created by a voltage Source is measured in
Amps
Transverse waves move at right angles to the direction that
The wave is moving
On a very hot day ocean water can be refreshing even when the sand on the beach burns your feet is an example of the difference of
Specific heat capacity
What is the best description of the relationship between temperature and energy is ice melts
The temperature remains of the melting point has the potential energy of the system increases
What is the correct name for the Covakently bonded moleculePH3
Phosphorous trihydride
In a covalent bond names are men in the same order. Second element and and I DE
Endothermic brings energy
In. Eg melting.
Freezing Condensing and deposition are examples of
Endothermic process
Centripetal forces are
In word pulling forces
Which type of cloud is associated with fair weather and is composed of ice crystals
Citrus
Weight is created by
Gravitational pull
Valence electrons are important in a circuit because
They carry the charge in conducting materials
Which planet does not have a moon
Mercury
Acid or base ionizes in water?
Strong acid
