Science Flashcards
1
Q
Electrons orbit the nucleus in levels called
A
Shells
2
Q
Outermost shell that is involved in chemical reactions
A
Valence
3
Q
Same element with differing neutrons
A
Isotope
4
Q
Same element differing electrons
A
Ions
5
Q
Covalent bonds the atoms share
A
Electrons
6
Q
Two ions with opposite charges bind together in an
A
Ionic bond
7
Q
Uniformly distributed mixture
A
Homogenous mixture
8
Q
Solvent
A
Water /liquid being dissolved in
9
Q
The material being dissolved
A
Solute
10
Q
Maximum saturdation no more solute can disolve
A
Saturated solution
11
Q
Starting substances of a chemical reaction are called
A
Reagents is reactants
12
Q
Two compounds combine to form single product in
A
Synthesized reaction
C + O2 = co2
13
Q
Reaction occurs when oxygen is in the pretense of heat. Usually an organic compound.
A
Combustion reaction.
CH4 + 2O2 = co2 + 2h2o
14
Q
When an element loses electrons it’s is
A
Oxidized
15
Q
Which type of chemical reaction takes place when kerosene reacts with oxygen
A
Combustion
16
Q
Acids produce
A
Hydrogen
17
Q
Bases produce
A
Hydroxide
18
Q
Have quantity but no direction
A
Scalars was
Eg distance
Speed
19
Q
Has both quantity and direction
A
Vectors
Eg disolacement
Velocity
Acceleration
20
Q
Different forces
A
Gravity Tension Friction Normal force Buyoant.
21
Q
The energy stored in a book placed on a table is ——— and is derived from earth gravity
A
Gravitational potential energy
22
Q
Electric potential energy is
A
Derived from interaction between positive and negative charges
23
Q
Does not need a medium to transfer energy
A
Radiation
24
Q
Energy transfer when two substances touch or pan to stove
A
Conduction
25
Transfers energy through circular movement of air or liquids
Convection
26
Waves that travel through a medium like ripples on a pond or compressions in a slinky are called
Mechanical waves
27
Waves that vibrate up and down
Transverse
28
Waves that travel through compression
Longitudinal waves
29
A waves highest point and lowest point
Crest and trough
30
Distance between the midline and the crest
Amplitude
31
Distance between crest
Wavelength
32
Number of cycles a wave goes through in a specific period of time
Frequency
33
Special type of longitudinal wave created by vibrations
Sound
34
Loudness depends on
Amplitude or height if crest
35
Created by a difference in the balance of protons and electrons
Electric charge
36
Materials that attract electrons well
Conductors
37
Doesn’t conduct electricity well
Insulator
38
Closed loop through which electricity moves
Circuit
39
Current is measured in
Amps
40
Which metal conducts electricity
Iron
41
Earth lines up between the moon and the sun
Lunar eclipse
42
Mineral is a
Naturally occurring, solid, inorganic substance with crystalline structure
43
Is naturally occurring but can be organic or inorganic and composed of numerous minerals
Rock
44
Rock formed by tectonic pressures that bring magma to the surface
Igneous
45
Rock formed by compaction of rocks resulting from weathering and erosion
Sedimentary
46
Extreme pressure and temperature form these rocks
Metamorphic
47
Earths surface layer
Lithosphere
The asthenosphere and mesosphere and core
48
A reaction in which a htmydrocarbon reacts with o2 to produce co2 and h20
Tcombustion
49
The ozone layer is in the
Stratosphere
50
No more Solute can be dissolved in a
Saturated solution.
51
Sound waves are what kind of wave
Longitudinal
52
X-rays and microwaves are examples of what kind of waves
Electromagnetic waves which are transverse waves
53
light waves and ocean waves are
Transverse
54
Resistance is measured in
Ohms
55
Elements in a circuit that resist electron flow are called
Resistors
56
Armosphere levels
```
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosohere
Exosphere
```
57
The amount of heat needed by a substance to result in a change in temperature. It is mass dependent.
Heat capacity
58
A property of a substance that indicates the amount of heat that is released when one mole of the substance combust
Hear of combustion
59
Columns on the periodic table are known as
Groups
60
Electric potential is measured in
Volts
61
A charged atom
Ion
62
The amount of heat that a substance will absorb or release during a phase change while the temperature remains constant
Latent heat
63
The measure of the amount of matter in something
Mass
64
Any substance that has both volume and mass
Matter
65
A positive ion is called
Cation
66
Avogadro’s number or mole
6.022 x 10^23
67
The smallest group of chemically bonded atoms that can exist and still react and retain the properties of a substance
Molecule
68
A unit of force equal to 1 kg meter per second squared
Newton
69
Horizontal row on the periodic table
Period
70
A particle with zero mass the transmit light or other electromagnetic radiation
Photon
71
Atomic mass equals
Protons plus neutrons
72
The horizontal row is based on
The shell that the outermost electron occupies
73
The column is based on
Number Of electrons in the outer shell
74
The most dangerous form of radioactive decay
Gamma radiation
75
Known as the conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred
First law of thermodynamics
76
Second law of thermodynamics
Law of entropy. Just ordered will always increasing in natural
77
The law of conservation of matter
Matter cannot be created or destroyed only rearranged
78
Celsius equals
5/9 (F-32)
79
Fahrenheit equals
9/5C + 32
80
Energy required to move an electron
Ionization energy
81
Ideal gas law
Explains the relationship between pressure volume and temperature. Or pressure molecules together that’s pressure expand
82
The term for the amount of heat required to complete a phase change
Latent heat
83
Anion
Negatively charged ion.
84
When an atom gains electrons and becomes a negative ion or anion it’s name changes to end with
Ide. Ex Floride
85
Sharing of valence electrons between Adams
Covalent bond
86
An exothermic reaction the energy
Exits the system
87
And endothermic reaction the energy
Enters the system
88
Chemical reaction involving smaller reactants being combined into larger products
Synthesis or combination
2Li + F^2 = 2LiF
89
Reaction were larger reactants break down into smaller products
Decomposition
CaCO3 = CaO + CO2
90
Reaction requires pure oxygen as a reactant and release a large amount of energy as heat or light
Combustion
C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O
91
Single element replacing one component in a compound
Single replacement.
Ni + 2HCI = NiCl2 + H2
92
Double replacement
AgNO3 + KCl = AgCl + KNO3
93
Any reaction that has carbon and hydrogen as components
Organic reaction
94
Solvent
The larger part of a mixture. Water.
95
The study of the effects of energy and forces on objects
Mechanics
96
Scalar quantities
Only magnitude. Time, area or speed
97
Vector
Magnitude and direction including displacement velocity momentum and acceleration
98
Velocity equals
Change in distance / change in time
99
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton’s their law.
100
The amount of Current created by a voltage Source is measured in
Amps
101
Transverse waves move at right angles to the direction that
The wave is moving
102
On a very hot day ocean water can be refreshing even when the sand on the beach burns your feet is an example of the difference of
Specific heat capacity
103
What is the best description of the relationship between temperature and energy is ice melts
The temperature remains of the melting point has the potential energy of the system increases
104
What is the correct name for the Covakently bonded moleculePH3
Phosphorous trihydride
In a covalent bond names are men in the same order. Second element and and I DE
105
Endothermic brings energy
In. Eg melting.
106
Freezing Condensing and deposition are examples of
Endothermic process
107
Centripetal forces are
In word pulling forces
108
Which type of cloud is associated with fair weather and is composed of ice crystals
Citrus
109
Weight is created by
Gravitational pull
110
Valence electrons are important in a circuit because
They carry the charge in conducting materials
111
Which planet does not have a moon
Mercury
112
Acid or base ionizes in water?
Strong acid
