Aviation Flashcards
1
Q
What part of rotary wing aircraft makes direction control possible
A
Swashplate
2
Q
Climb that produces the most altitude In given distance and is used to clear obstacles
A
Best angle of climb
3
Q
Cyclic or control wheel is moved forward
A
Air speed increases and pitch changes
4
Q
Causes rotary wing to drift laterally due to tail rotor thrust
A
Translating tendency
5
Q
Rate of climb
A
Feet per minute (fpm)
6
Q
Lateral axis controls
A
Pitch
7
Q
Component that allows rotor blade to feather
A
Blade grip
8
Q
Teeter hinge allows
A
Blades to flap
9
Q
The rotor hub is
A
The center hub for rotor head components
10
Q
Skids on rotary wing craft are used for
A
Landing
11
Q
Pitch horn couples the
A
Blade cuff to pitch links
12
Q
Absolute altitude is
A
Height above ground (agl)
13
Q
When entering and exiting c class controlled air space
A
The ATC must aknowledgr the pilot by responding with the aircrafts call sign for communication to be considered established
14
Q
If there is no increase in thrust which action would result in an ultimate stall
A
Increasing pitch
15
Q
All up weight defined as total weight at any given minute
A
aGw or aug. this weight changes with gas and oil changes
16
Q
Mlw aka
A
Maximum landing weight
17
Q
Mrw
A
Max ramp weight
18
Q
Mtow
A
Maximum take off weight
19
Q
Oew
A
Operating empty weight
20
Q
What type of turns require aileron pressure to return to level flight
A
Medium and steep turns
21
Q
Aerodynamic principle describes unequal lifting forces of rotor system due to advancing and retreating blades
A
Dissymmetry of life
22
Q
What flight control maintains the engine within optimal flight parameters
A
The throttle
23
Q
Which statement is true about lag and trend information
A
Trend information displays real time movement of the aircraft
24
Q
Unit measure of airspeed
A
Knots
25
Newton’s first law
An object at rest stays at rest. And object in motion stays in motion
26
Newton’s second law
F=ma
When a body is acted upon by a constant force, it’s resulting acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the body and directly proportional to the applied force
27
Newton’s third law
Two objects interact the force exerted by the first is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction of the second
28
Bernoulli principle
Faster moving air low pressure
| Slower moving air high pressure
29
Angle of attack
Angle between the direction of the airflow against the wing and the chord.imaginary line from leading edge to trailing edge
30
Flaps are located
Fuselage to midpoint Of Wong
31
Spoilers
Extended upward to help reduce air speed
32
Parasite drag
Parasite on structure of aircraft including skin friction, low air pressure in tires any, rivets on plane
33
Profile drag
Produced by shape of plane.
34
Induced drag
Correx creates at back of wing where air flow meets. When lift, speed and AOA increase induced drag increases
35
Longitudinal axes
Roll
36
Lateral axis
Pitch
37
Ailerons control
Role
38
Elevators control
Pitch
39
Rudder controls
Yaw
40
Humidity and low air density reduce
Thrust, power and lift
41
Pressure altimeter is calibrated for
29.92 inches of mercury and is reset after leaving airfield to ensure correct pressure for destination airfield
42
Truss fuselage
Steel tubes welded together.
43
Monocoque structure
Thin aluminum curved to fit fuselage
44
Cantilever wings
No braces
45
Dihedral
Wings point up
46
Camber line
Amount of curvature of the wing. Fake line
47
4 types of wings
Rectangle - simplest and inefficient
Elliptical - most effective
Tapered - crows between first two. Better lift. Wide range of speed
Swept - reduce drag
48
Power plant includes
Engines,propeller, induction, exhaust, cooling, lubricants and fuel system
49
Thrust horsepower equation
Thp = thrust x speed / 375 PPh
50
Tail wheel system
Used when main landing gear is forward of center of gravity
51
Tandem landing gear
Has both main and tail portions mounted on longitude
52
Tricycle landing gear
Has main and nose gear for increased braking and higher speeds landings.
53
Tail wheel is preferred for
Non paved runways and helps support the aircrafts weight since the center of gravity is forward of the main landing gear.
54
Trim tabs
Secondary flight control. Help offset in desirable attitude and relieves pressure.
Trim tabs moved down elevators go up.
55
Primary flight controls
Ailerons, elevators and rudder
56
Secondary controls
Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers and trim tabs
57
Joystick or control wheel control
Aircraft turning and nose ups or down
58
Shallow, medium and steep turn in degree
20
21-45
45+
59
Steep turn the pilot just
Use opposite pressure to return to normal flight
60
Normal or cruise climb
Manufacturers standard. Not at optimum performance
61
Best rate of climb Vy is
Most altitude using most power
62
Best angle of climb Vx
Most altitude over given distance. Get out of way of obstructions or buildings.
63
Partial power decent is
Preferred way do decent. 500 fpm
64
Decent at msa
Nose high controlled decent used to clear obstacles on short approach
65
Mast or shaft
Component that extends vertically from transmission up to main rotor hub.
66
Main rotor hub
Where all components of main rotor head are connected.
67
Blade grips
Allow feathering or change of blades angle of attack
68
Pitch horn or yoke
Perpendicular to blades. Receive info from pilot and changes feathering.
69
Stabilizer bar or flybar
Helps maintain a constant plane of rotation for rotor blades.
70
Teeter hinge or trunion
Connects mast to main rotor hub. Allows rotor hub and blades to flap up and down.
71
Swashplate
Used for directional control
72
Pitch links connect
Rotating swashplate and stabilizer bar or directly to pitch horn
73
Slow moving air below blades and fast moving air above blades creates lift is known as
Magnus effect
74
The air passing through the rotor blades when lift and thrust counteract weight and drag while hovering is called
Induced flow
75
Force is felt 90 degrees later in the plane of rotation due to
Gyroscopic precision
76
When helicopter Begins to accelerate the induced flow created by the lifting action of the rotor blades drops to nearly 0 in the front half of the rotor system and increases in the rear half.
Transverse flow effect
77
Translational lift
The vortices created at edge of rotor blades from air cycling through
78
Dissymmetry of lift
Unequal lifting forces on advancing and retreating blades. Fast air in right side. Slow air on left.
79
Dissymmetry of life cause craft to roll
Left
80
Cyclic control system controls
Pitch and roll.
81
When the pilot raises ————— the pitch angle of the blades increase simultaneously.
Pull up for level climb. Push down to descend.
Collective control
82
Air pressure decreases 1 inch of mercury every
1,000 feet
83
Three pointer altimeter
Long hand ten k
Shortest thousands
Medium hundreds
84
Counter drum altimeter
Digitally displayed. Set to ground atmosphere pressure like three pointer.
85
Encoding altimeter.
Converts altitude into a digital code before being relayed to ground.
86
Altitude actually displayed
Indicated altitude
87
Height of aircraft above mean sea level msl
True altitude
88
Height of craft above ground level agl
Absolute altitude
89
Pre calibrated altitude with standard atmosjpere level set at 29.92 hg
Pressure altitude
90
Airspeed indicator
Compares ambient (inside) pressure with ram (outride) pressure using pitot tubes and static ports to determine speed.
White arc low speed
Green arc normal speed
Red is never exceed speed
91
Airspeed shows on instruments
Indicated airspeed
92
Airspeed corrected for position error
Calibrated speed
93
Airspeed corrected for non stadard density
True airspeed
94
Turn and slip indicator is located
In the same housing as yaw. Includes turn indicator punters and slip indicator ball
95
More bank than needed and ball moves to inside of turn
Slipping turn
96
Centrifuged force isn’t greater than gravity on turn and ball moves to the outside
Skidding turn
97
Purpose if turn and slip indicator
To confirm pilot is making a coordinated turn
98
Non precision instrument runway
Small to medium size runway
99
Precision runway
Larger airports and has precision Approach radar.
100
Reils stands for
Runways end identification lights
101
Vasi
Visual approach slope inidocstor. Assist during visual landings.
102
What are the theee types of marked runways
Precision, non precision and visual
103
18,000 - 60,000 within 12 nautical miles off coast. All craft follow instrument flight rules.
Class a
104
Ground level to 10k feet surrounding busy airports. Pilots must be certified. ATC clearance required.
Class b
105
Ground level to 4K feet about airport.
No pilot certification required.
Clearance is required to enter or exit.
Two way radio and operable beacon transponder are required.
Class c
106
Ground to 2,5 k feet. Two way radio needed to notices to airmen (notam)
Class d
107
Any controlled airspace not a-d. Blue or magenta on charts. No specific pilot requirements.
Class e
108
I controlled air space with visibility requirement
Class g
109
Overtaking aircraft have the
Right of way
110
When the cyclic is push forward does it have an affect on the writer
No
111
Which part of the aircraft effects roll
Ailerons and spoilers
112
Which type of climb is made with the maximum power available
Best rate of climb
113
What type of helicopter design uses a ducted fan in place of a tail rotor to cancel torque affect
Notar
114
When an aircraft is approaching the land the leading and trailing edges of its flaps are extended to create the following forces
Maximum lift and high drag
115
When flying helicopter what response should be taken if the RPM is low and the manifold pressure is high
Lower the collective pitch
116
Increasing the throttle increases manifold pressure true or false
True
117
The cyclic does not affect manifold pressure true or false
True
118
If the ball on the turn and slip indicator is to the left or right which flight control will return it to the center
The foot pedals which control the rudder.
119
The theater hinge allows
The blades to flap
120
What allows for directional movement of the aircraft
Swashplate
121
If Magnetic north is a positive 15° variation from truenorth convert true North to magnetic north one flying eastbound what is the adjustment a pilot must make to the magnetic compass
15*
122
What direction will induced flow move during an auto rotation
Vertical
123
What item was developed to reduce compass reading errors
Vertical card compass
124
What defines unusable fuel
Fuel the cannot get to the engine. Cannot be drained from the tanks.
125
The altitude measured AGL is called
Absolute altitude
126
Newton’s law of universal gravitation
Every particle attractsEvery other part of all in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Fg = G (m1m2/d2)
127
Sitter two objects at a distance D apart. According to newtons law what happens to the force between the two objects distance is increased by a factor of four
The force decreases by 32
128
Manufacturers empty weight does not include
Baggage, passengers or useable fuel
129
Operating empty weight is
MEW plus weight if free, fluids, unusable fuel & equipment required for flight
130
When a helicopter moves out of its own downwash and realizes the benefit of horizontal airflow. Depending on the aircraft typically moving forward 16 to 24 kn
Effective translational lift
131
And forward flight airflow passing through the rear portion of the rotor disc has a greater down wash angle then airflow moving through the front portion. This causes unequal drag in the front and rear parts of the writer desk. This is known as
Transverse flow effect
132
The difference in lift between advancing and retreating rotor blades is known as
Dissymmetry of lift
133
Runway edge lights
White
134
Runway centerline lighting
Start white and red
135
Ground effect is
Reduce drag and increased lift from flying close to the ground
136
This occurs when an object moving in a rotating system experiences a force perpendicular to the direction of the motion and the axis of rotation
Coriolis effect
137
Effective translational lift creates
Improved efficiency that results from directional flight
