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Afoqt 2020 > Aviation > Flashcards

Aviation Flashcards

1
Q

What part of rotary wing aircraft makes direction control possible

A

Swashplate

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2
Q

Climb that produces the most altitude In given distance and is used to clear obstacles

A

Best angle of climb

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3
Q

Cyclic or control wheel is moved forward

A

Air speed increases and pitch changes

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4
Q

Causes rotary wing to drift laterally due to tail rotor thrust

A

Translating tendency

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5
Q

Rate of climb

A

Feet per minute (fpm)

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6
Q

Lateral axis controls

A

Pitch

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7
Q

Component that allows rotor blade to feather

A

Blade grip

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8
Q

Teeter hinge allows

A

Blades to flap

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9
Q

The rotor hub is

A

The center hub for rotor head components

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10
Q

Skids on rotary wing craft are used for

A

Landing

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11
Q

Pitch horn couples the

A

Blade cuff to pitch links

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12
Q

Absolute altitude is

A

Height above ground (agl)

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13
Q

When entering and exiting c class controlled air space

A

The ATC must aknowledgr the pilot by responding with the aircrafts call sign for communication to be considered established

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14
Q

If there is no increase in thrust which action would result in an ultimate stall

A

Increasing pitch

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15
Q

All up weight defined as total weight at any given minute

A

aGw or aug. this weight changes with gas and oil changes

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16
Q

Mlw aka

A

Maximum landing weight

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17
Q

Mrw

A

Max ramp weight

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18
Q

Mtow

A

Maximum take off weight

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19
Q

Oew

A

Operating empty weight

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20
Q

What type of turns require aileron pressure to return to level flight

A

Medium and steep turns

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21
Q

Aerodynamic principle describes unequal lifting forces of rotor system due to advancing and retreating blades

A

Dissymmetry of life

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22
Q

What flight control maintains the engine within optimal flight parameters

A

The throttle

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23
Q

Which statement is true about lag and trend information

A

Trend information displays real time movement of the aircraft

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24
Q

Unit measure of airspeed

A

Knots

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25
Q

Newton’s first law

A

An object at rest stays at rest. And object in motion stays in motion

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26
Q

Newton’s second law

A

F=ma

When a body is acted upon by a constant force, it’s resulting acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the body and directly proportional to the applied force

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27
Q

Newton’s third law

A

Two objects interact the force exerted by the first is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction of the second

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28
Q

Bernoulli principle

A

Faster moving air low pressure

Slower moving air high pressure

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29
Q

Angle of attack

A

Angle between the direction of the airflow against the wing and the chord.imaginary line from leading edge to trailing edge

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30
Q

Flaps are located

A

Fuselage to midpoint Of Wong

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31
Q

Spoilers

A

Extended upward to help reduce air speed

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32
Q

Parasite drag

A

Parasite on structure of aircraft including skin friction, low air pressure in tires any, rivets on plane

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33
Q

Profile drag

A

Produced by shape of plane.

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34
Q

Induced drag

A

Correx creates at back of wing where air flow meets. When lift, speed and AOA increase induced drag increases

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35
Q

Longitudinal axes

A

Roll

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36
Q

Lateral axis

A

Pitch

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37
Q

Ailerons control

A

Role

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38
Q

Elevators control

A

Pitch

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39
Q

Rudder controls

A

Yaw

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40
Q

Humidity and low air density reduce

A

Thrust, power and lift

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41
Q

Pressure altimeter is calibrated for

A

29.92 inches of mercury and is reset after leaving airfield to ensure correct pressure for destination airfield

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42
Q

Truss fuselage

A

Steel tubes welded together.

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43
Q

Monocoque structure

A

Thin aluminum curved to fit fuselage

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44
Q

Cantilever wings

A

No braces

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45
Q

Dihedral

A

Wings point up

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46
Q

Camber line

A

Amount of curvature of the wing. Fake line

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47
Q

4 types of wings

A

Rectangle - simplest and inefficient
Elliptical - most effective
Tapered - crows between first two. Better lift. Wide range of speed
Swept - reduce drag

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48
Q

Power plant includes

A

Engines,propeller, induction, exhaust, cooling, lubricants and fuel system

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49
Q

Thrust horsepower equation

A

Thp = thrust x speed / 375 PPh

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50
Q

Tail wheel system

A

Used when main landing gear is forward of center of gravity

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51
Q

Tandem landing gear

A

Has both main and tail portions mounted on longitude

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52
Q

Tricycle landing gear

A

Has main and nose gear for increased braking and higher speeds landings.

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53
Q

Tail wheel is preferred for

A

Non paved runways and helps support the aircrafts weight since the center of gravity is forward of the main landing gear.

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54
Q

Trim tabs

A

Secondary flight control. Help offset in desirable attitude and relieves pressure.

Trim tabs moved down elevators go up.

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55
Q

Primary flight controls

A

Ailerons, elevators and rudder

56
Q

Secondary controls

A

Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers and trim tabs

57
Q

Joystick or control wheel control

A

Aircraft turning and nose ups or down

58
Q

Shallow, medium and steep turn in degree

A

20
21-45
45+

59
Q

Steep turn the pilot just

A

Use opposite pressure to return to normal flight

60
Q

Normal or cruise climb

A

Manufacturers standard. Not at optimum performance

61
Q

Best rate of climb Vy is

A

Most altitude using most power

62
Q

Best angle of climb Vx

A

Most altitude over given distance. Get out of way of obstructions or buildings.

63
Q

Partial power decent is

A

Preferred way do decent. 500 fpm

64
Q

Decent at msa

A

Nose high controlled decent used to clear obstacles on short approach

65
Q

Mast or shaft

A

Component that extends vertically from transmission up to main rotor hub.

66
Q

Main rotor hub

A

Where all components of main rotor head are connected.

67
Q

Blade grips

A

Allow feathering or change of blades angle of attack

68
Q

Pitch horn or yoke

A

Perpendicular to blades. Receive info from pilot and changes feathering.

69
Q

Stabilizer bar or flybar

A

Helps maintain a constant plane of rotation for rotor blades.

70
Q

Teeter hinge or trunion

A

Connects mast to main rotor hub. Allows rotor hub and blades to flap up and down.

71
Q

Swashplate

A

Used for directional control

72
Q

Pitch links connect

A

Rotating swashplate and stabilizer bar or directly to pitch horn

73
Q

Slow moving air below blades and fast moving air above blades creates lift is known as

A

Magnus effect

74
Q

The air passing through the rotor blades when lift and thrust counteract weight and drag while hovering is called

A

Induced flow

75
Q

Force is felt 90 degrees later in the plane of rotation due to

A

Gyroscopic precision

76
Q

When helicopter Begins to accelerate the induced flow created by the lifting action of the rotor blades drops to nearly 0 in the front half of the rotor system and increases in the rear half.

A

Transverse flow effect

77
Q

Translational lift

A

The vortices created at edge of rotor blades from air cycling through

78
Q

Dissymmetry of lift

A

Unequal lifting forces on advancing and retreating blades. Fast air in right side. Slow air on left.

79
Q

Dissymmetry of life cause craft to roll

A

Left

80
Q

Cyclic control system controls

A

Pitch and roll.

81
Q

When the pilot raises ————— the pitch angle of the blades increase simultaneously.

Pull up for level climb. Push down to descend.

A

Collective control

82
Q

Air pressure decreases 1 inch of mercury every

A

1,000 feet

83
Q

Three pointer altimeter

A

Long hand ten k
Shortest thousands
Medium hundreds

84
Q

Counter drum altimeter

A

Digitally displayed. Set to ground atmosphere pressure like three pointer.

85
Q

Encoding altimeter.

A

Converts altitude into a digital code before being relayed to ground.

86
Q

Altitude actually displayed

A

Indicated altitude

87
Q

Height of aircraft above mean sea level msl

A

True altitude

88
Q

Height of craft above ground level agl

A

Absolute altitude

89
Q

Pre calibrated altitude with standard atmosjpere level set at 29.92 hg

A

Pressure altitude

90
Q

Airspeed indicator

A

Compares ambient (inside) pressure with ram (outride) pressure using pitot tubes and static ports to determine speed.

White arc low speed
Green arc normal speed
Red is never exceed speed

91
Q

Airspeed shows on instruments

A

Indicated airspeed

92
Q

Airspeed corrected for position error

A

Calibrated speed

93
Q

Airspeed corrected for non stadard density

A

True airspeed

94
Q

Turn and slip indicator is located

A

In the same housing as yaw. Includes turn indicator punters and slip indicator ball

95
Q

More bank than needed and ball moves to inside of turn

A

Slipping turn

96
Q

Centrifuged force isn’t greater than gravity on turn and ball moves to the outside

A

Skidding turn

97
Q

Purpose if turn and slip indicator

A

To confirm pilot is making a coordinated turn

98
Q

Non precision instrument runway

A

Small to medium size runway

99
Q

Precision runway

A

Larger airports and has precision Approach radar.

100
Q

Reils stands for

A

Runways end identification lights

101
Q

Vasi

A

Visual approach slope inidocstor. Assist during visual landings.

102
Q

What are the theee types of marked runways

A

Precision, non precision and visual

103
Q

18,000 - 60,000 within 12 nautical miles off coast. All craft follow instrument flight rules.

A

Class a

104
Q

Ground level to 10k feet surrounding busy airports. Pilots must be certified. ATC clearance required.

A

Class b

105
Q

Ground level to 4K feet about airport.

No pilot certification required.

Clearance is required to enter or exit.

Two way radio and operable beacon transponder are required.

A

Class c

106
Q

Ground to 2,5 k feet. Two way radio needed to notices to airmen (notam)

A

Class d

107
Q

Any controlled airspace not a-d. Blue or magenta on charts. No specific pilot requirements.

A

Class e

108
Q

I controlled air space with visibility requirement

A

Class g

109
Q

Overtaking aircraft have the

A

Right of way

110
Q

When the cyclic is push forward does it have an affect on the writer

A

No

111
Q

Which part of the aircraft effects roll

A

Ailerons and spoilers

112
Q

Which type of climb is made with the maximum power available

A

Best rate of climb

113
Q

What type of helicopter design uses a ducted fan in place of a tail rotor to cancel torque affect

A

Notar

114
Q

When an aircraft is approaching the land the leading and trailing edges of its flaps are extended to create the following forces

A

Maximum lift and high drag

115
Q

When flying helicopter what response should be taken if the RPM is low and the manifold pressure is high

A

Lower the collective pitch

116
Q

Increasing the throttle increases manifold pressure true or false

A

True

117
Q

The cyclic does not affect manifold pressure true or false

A

True

118
Q

If the ball on the turn and slip indicator is to the left or right which flight control will return it to the center

A

The foot pedals which control the rudder.

119
Q

The theater hinge allows

A

The blades to flap

120
Q

What allows for directional movement of the aircraft

A

Swashplate

121
Q

If Magnetic north is a positive 15° variation from truenorth convert true North to magnetic north one flying eastbound what is the adjustment a pilot must make to the magnetic compass

A

15*

122
Q

What direction will induced flow move during an auto rotation

A

Vertical

123
Q

What item was developed to reduce compass reading errors

A

Vertical card compass

124
Q

What defines unusable fuel

A

Fuel the cannot get to the engine. Cannot be drained from the tanks.

125
Q

The altitude measured AGL is called

A

Absolute altitude

126
Q

Newton’s law of universal gravitation

A

Every particle attractsEvery other part of all in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

Fg = G (m1m2/d2)

127
Q

Sitter two objects at a distance D apart. According to newtons law what happens to the force between the two objects distance is increased by a factor of four

A

The force decreases by 32

128
Q

Manufacturers empty weight does not include

A

Baggage, passengers or useable fuel

129
Q

Operating empty weight is

A

MEW plus weight if free, fluids, unusable fuel & equipment required for flight

130
Q

When a helicopter moves out of its own downwash and realizes the benefit of horizontal airflow. Depending on the aircraft typically moving forward 16 to 24 kn

A

Effective translational lift

131
Q

And forward flight airflow passing through the rear portion of the rotor disc has a greater down wash angle then airflow moving through the front portion. This causes unequal drag in the front and rear parts of the writer desk. This is known as

A

Transverse flow effect

132
Q

The difference in lift between advancing and retreating rotor blades is known as

A

Dissymmetry of lift

133
Q

Runway edge lights

A

White

134
Q

Runway centerline lighting

A

Start white and red

135
Q

Ground effect is

A

Reduce drag and increased lift from flying close to the ground

136
Q

This occurs when an object moving in a rotating system experiences a force perpendicular to the direction of the motion and the axis of rotation

A

Coriolis effect

137
Q

Effective translational lift creates

A

Improved efficiency that results from directional flight

Afoqt 2020 (6 decks)

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