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Second Form Exams > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Heat

Describe the mechanism of heat loss by conduction.

A

Energy transferred by vibration between particles. Can occur in a solid and is best in a metal.

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2
Q

Heat

Describe the mechanism of heat loss by convection.

A

Energy transferred by a particle (with energy) moving from a hot to cold region – taking it’s energy with it.

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3
Q

Heat

Why are convection currents created?

A

As particles heat up they vibrate more, this makes the substance expand, become less dense and then rise.

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4
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

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5
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined together.

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6
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically joined together.

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7
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance is pure when all particles are the same.

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8
Q

What is ‘miscible’?

A

A word used by chemists to explain why some liquids mix together well, while others do not.

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9
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that has dissolved in a solvent.

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10
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A substance that dissolved a solute resulting in a solution.

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11
Q

What is a solution?

A

A mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes.

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12
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution that has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.

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13
Q

Density

what is the density equation?

A

p=m/v

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14
Q

Density

What is mass?

A

the amount of matter something is made of (in g or kg)

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15
Q

Density

What is volume?

A

the amount of space an object occupies (in cm cubed or m cubed)

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16
Q

Density

What is the definition for density?

A

the amount of matter (stuff) per unit volume, measured in g/m cubed or kg/m cubed

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17
Q

Density

What are the three states of matter?

A

solid, gas and liquid

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18
Q

Density

Mass of a liquid = ?

A

mass of a liquid =mass of (cylinder+objecy) - mass of cylinder

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19
Q

Density

What happens to the density of an object if the mass is doubled but the volume remains the same?

A

it doubles

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20
Q

Density

What happens to the density of an object if the volume is doubled but the mass remains the same?

A

it halves

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21
Q

Density

What happens to the density of an object if the mass is doubled but the volume is halved?

A

it quadruples

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22
Q

Static liquid pressure and proportionality

what happens to static pressure when the depth increases?

A

It increases

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23
Q

Static liquid pressure and proportionality

Is static pressure proportional to depth? (h)

A

yes - static pressure is proportional to depth (h)

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24
Q

Static liquid pressure and proportionality

On a graph is a straight line goes through the origin then what does it mean about the two variables?

A

They are proportional

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25
Q

Static liquid pressure and proportionality

What happens if one variable double for a graph that is a straight line going through the origin ?

A

if one variable doubles the other doubles

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26
Q

Conduction

good conductors include:

A

copper

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27
Q

Conduction

poor conductors / insulators include

A

plastic or wood

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28
Q

Conduction

describe the mechanism of heat loss by conduction

A

conduction is energy transferred by vibration between particles and can occur in a solid state. It is best in metal.

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29
Q

Convection

Describe the mechanism of heat loss by convection

A

Convection heat loss is energy transferred by a particle (with energy) moving from a hot region to a cold region - taking its energy with it.

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30
Q

Convection

Why are convection currents created?

A

as particles heat up they vibrate more, this makes the substance expand, become less dense and then rise.

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31
Q

Convection

how do air pockets reduce heat loss?

A

by conduction and by convection
Conduction: Air is a poor conductor
Convection: The design of air pockets restricts the flow of air currents

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32
Q

Radiation

What does radiation radiate from?

A

hot objects

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33
Q

Radiation

what radiates more, hot or cool objects?

A

hot

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34
Q

Radiation

What colour surface radiates well and cool quickly?

A

matt black surfaces

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35
Q

Radiation

What colour surfaces radiate poorly and cool slowly?

A

shiny silver surfaces

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36
Q

Radiation

why on a cooling curve does heat loss decrease over time?

A

because hotter objects radiate more heat than cooler objects

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37
Q

What three ways can heat transfer happen?

A

conduction
convection
radiation

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38
Q

How does surface area to volume ratio affect cooling rate - for large objects?

A

Large objects (Emperor Penguins) have a low surface area to volume ratio and as a result they cool more slowly

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39
Q

How does surface area to volume ratio affect cooling rate - for small objects?

A

small objects (Galapagos Penguins) have a high surface area to volume ratio and as a result they cool more quickly

40
Q

Respiration
what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
(Occurring in the mitochondria of cells)

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy released)

41
Q

Respiration

what type of reaction is aerobic respiration?

A

an exothermic reaction, it releases energy for life processes

42
Q

Respiration
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in an animal cell?
(does not use oxygen)

A

glucose –> lactic acid (+energy released)

it is also an exothermic reaction

43
Q

Conduction

what type of conductors are solids, liquids and gasses?

A

Solids tend to be good conductors and gasses tend to be poor conductors (liquid in between)

44
Q

Nutrition

what are the six basic nutrient groups?

A

carbohydrates. fats, protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals

45
Q

Nutrition

how do you define a carbohydrate?

A

a group of energy-rich substances which are an immediate source of energy

46
Q

Nutrition

What are fats used for?

A

fats are used as an energy store, used if the body runs out of carbohydrates
and
fats insulate the body

47
Q

Nutrition

what is protein needed for

A

growth and repair of tissues

48
Q

Nutrition

what is fibre and how does it work in the digestive system?

A

fibre is indigestible

fibre keeps your digestive system working properly

49
Q

Nutrition

what does the body need water for?

A

water

  • helps chemical reactions take place
  • regulate body temperature
  • transport nutrients
  • help get rid of waste
50
Q

Nutrition

What is vitamin A needed for?

A

healthy skin

good eyesight

51
Q

Nutrition

What happens if you dont have enough vitamin A?

A

night blindness

52
Q

Nutrition

What is vitamin C needed for?

A

healthy gums and skin

help body absorb iron

53
Q

Nutrition

What happens if you dont have enough vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

54
Q

Nutrition

What is vitamin D needed for?

A

strong teeth and bones

helps body absorb calcium

55
Q

Nutrition

What happens if you dont have enough vitamin D?

A

rickets

56
Q

Nutrition

What is Calcium needed for?

A

healthy teeth and bones

57
Q

Nutrition

What happens if you dont have enough Calcium?

A

osteoporisis

58
Q

Nutrition

What is Iron needed for?

A

helps blood carry oxygen

59
Q

Nutrition

What happens if you dont have enough Iron?

A

anaemic

60
Q

Preserving Food

What are the five animal kingdoms?

A 
animal
plant
fungi
bacteria
protoctista
61
Q

Preserving Food

What are microbes or micro organisms?

A

tiny living things such as viruses, bacteria or fungi

62
Q

Preserving Food

What three things do microbes need to multiply?

A

water
food source (energy)
suitable temperature

63
Q

Preserving Food

What are the two bad effects of some microbes?

A

make food go off

make people feel unwell

64
Q

Preserving Food

how do people control the growth of microbes on food? (3 things)

A

salt
vinegar
drying or heating

65
Q

Preserving Food

How do you separate salt from rock salt?

A

dissolving, filtering and evaporation

66
Q

Reproduction - Selective Breeding

What does it involve?

A

choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics

67
Q

Reproduction - Selective Breeding

what is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

sexual reproduction is the combining of genetic material from two parents
asexual reproduction is produces offspring genetically identical to one parent

68
Q

Reproduction - Selective Breeding

what are the five main stages of internal fertilisation in humans?

A 
ovulation
ejaculation
fertilisation
cell division
implantation
69
Q

Reproduction - Selective Breeding

What are the 3 main stages of the menstrual cycle?

A

day 1- period begins and uterus lining breaks down, egg matures and uterus lining thickens
day 14- ovulation occurs, uterus ready to receive embryo
day 28- lining breaks down if no egg implantation takes place

70
Q

Reproduction - Selective Breeding

how might chemicals in a woman get to a foetus?

A

chemicals in the mother’s blood can diffuse through the placenta to the blood of the foetus.

71
Q

Combustion

Miscible means?

A

how well something mixes

72
Q

Combustion

Miscible liquids form what type of solution?

A

homogenous

73
Q

Combustion

How do immiscible liquids combine?

A

they don’t

they separate from each other leaving the least dense liquid on top

74
Q

Combustion

How do you separate two immiscible liquids?

A

using a separating funnel

75
Q

Combustion

the word equations for complete combustion is ?

A

fuel + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

76
Q

Combustion

what is the test for water?

A

cobalt chloride paper turns blue to pink

77
Q

Combustion

The test for carbon dioxide is ?

A

limewater turns cloudy

78
Q

Combustion

The test for carbon dioxide is ?

A

limewater turns cloudy

79
Q

Combustion

What happens with an exothermic reaction?

A

releases energy resulting in the surroundings increasing in temperature

80
Q

Combustion

What happens with an endothermic reaction?

A

take in energy resulting in the surroundings decreasing in energy

81
Q

Combustion

If fuel burns without sufficient oxygen, what is formed?

A

Carbon monoxide

82
Q

Combustion
If fuel burns without sufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is formed.
The word equation is…?

A

Fuel + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + carbon (soot) + water

83
Q

Combustion

What happens to a human when they take in carbon monoxide?

A

It is toxic
it reduces the amount of oxygen in your blood
it causes asphyxiation

84
Q

Electricity

What is an ammeter?

A

it measures the rate of flow of charge in amperes (A) and is connected in series

85
Q

Electricity

What is voltage?

A

the electrical pressure exerted on a circuit or component

86
Q

Elements. compounds and mixtures

What is an element?

A

a substance made up of only one type of atom

87
Q

Elements. compounds and mixtures

what is a pure compound?

A

a pure substance made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined together

88
Q

Elements. compounds and mixtures

Molecules are …?

A

a group of atoms that are chemically joined together

89
Q

Elements. compounds and mixtures

what is a mixture?

A

two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically joined together

90
Q

Elements. compounds and mixtures

what is a heterogeneous mixture like?

A

a mixture that is not uniform in composition

91
Q

Elements. compounds and mixtures

what is a homogeneous mixture like?

A

a mixture that is uniform in composition

92
Q

Solutions

what is a solute?

A

a substance that has dissolved in a solvent

93
Q

Solutions

what is a solvent?

A

a substance that dissolves a solute resulting in a solutions

94
Q

Solutions

what is a solution?

A

a mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes

95
Q

Solutions

What is a saturated solution?

A

a solution that has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

96
Q

Solutions

What is solubility?

A

a chemical property referring to the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

Second Form Exams (5 decks)

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