Science Flashcards
Functions of bile (3)
1- emulsify fats
2- assist with absorption of fats in intestine
3-Release bilirubin and excess cholesterol into intestinal tract as waste
Properties of alkali metals (6)
1-low melting and boiling pts 2-low densities 3- extremely reactive with water 4-malleable and easily cut 5-do not occur in a free form in nature 6-Excellent conductors of electricity
Criteria for a base (7)
1-phenolphthalein turns pink and litmus paper turns blue
2-slippery feel
3- conducts electricity in aqueous solution
4- reacts with fats to create soap compounds
5- bases and acids neutralize each other and form water and salt
6- pH of 8-14
7- bitter to taste
Criteria for an acid
- They are liquids.
- They are solutions of compounds in water.
- If concentrated they can be corrosive.
- Acids taste sour (for example, vinegar).
- Turn blue litmus paper red - this is an easy test for an acid!
- Usually react with metals to form salts.
- Acids contain hydrogen ions.
- Turn Universal Indicator from green to red, and have a pH less than 7.
Names of the b vitamins 1-5
B1- thiamine B2- riboflavin B3- niacin B4- adenine B5- pantothenic acid
What does renin do?
Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
Stimulates angiotensinogen.
It is a hormone.
How many spinal nerves does the body have?
Pairs?
62 spinal nerves
31 pairs
Difference between anions and cations. And list examples of each:
Anions: negatively charged atoms.
— bromide, chloride and fluoride
Cations: positively charged atoms-has more electrons than protons.
—iron, lead, sodium
Archimedes’ principle
Has to do with buoyancy.
If the weight of the water displaced is less than the weight of the object, the object will sink. Otherwise the object will float, with the weight of the water displaced equal to the weight of the object.
Weight of Water displaced is equal to the weight of the object floating.
Punnett square
Boxes used to look at possible gene traits
Dependent variable
Variable the researcher is interested in as a possible effect of some action or thing.
Antibodies bind to what?
Antigens.
Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes. They bind to specific antigens - proteins attached to surface of pathogen.
Large intestines functions: (4)
Absorption
Bacterial digestion
Defecation
Peristalsis
Protein synthesis represents enzyme and protein production of DNA.
What are the steps?
Protein synthesis occurs during the S phase of interphase in mitosis.
Transcription
RNA processing
Translation
Bilirubin is a waste product of:
Waste product of breakdown of hemoglobin.
Old erythrocytes are broken down in liver and spleen. After iron is removed, it is broken down into bilirubin. Liver changes bilirubin into bile.
Ipsilateral Vs. contralateral
Ipsilateral Means on the same side.
Contralateral means on opposite sides.
Atomic number is equal to number of:
Electrons
Energy levels or shells of an atom has a max # of electrons.
What are the max numbers of each shell?
2 electrons 8 18 32 50 72
Elevated eosinophils can be caused by:
Seasonal allergies
Parasitic infection
Cancer
Hierarchy of biological classification system
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Subspecies
In chemical equations, what is located to left and right of the arrow?
reactant: Left of arrow
Products: right
What do chemical reactions produce (create)?
Create new substances
Do not create new elements.
What is dry ice?
Solid form of carbon dioxide.
Sublimation is process of changing from solid to a gas without Passing through a liquid state.
Chemical reactions cause:
A new material is formed.
Heat is taken in or given off.
Does NOT form new element.
Milk turning sour is example of what?
Chemical change
How many kilograms is one liter of water?
One liter of water equals one kilogram.
Atomic number of an element is equal to what?
Its total number of electrons.
Spermatogenesis
Process of sperm production via meiosis. Begins at puberty.
Which enzyme is used to catalyze fats? And where is it produced?
Lipase
Produced in pancreas and small intestine.
Which enzyme is used to catalyze starch? And where is it produced?
Amylase
Produced in pancreas, salivary glands, small intestines.
Which enzyme is used to catalyze lactose? And where is it produced?
Lactase
Produced in small intestine
Which enzyme is used to catalyze protein? And where is it produced?
Pepsin
Produced in pancreas, small intestine and stomach
Difference between strong acids and weak acids?
Strong acids: release many ions, strong conductors of electricity
Weak acids: release few ions and weak electrical conductors.
Describe types of research: Empirical Participatory Retrospective Experimental
Empirical: based on observation
Participatory: participating
Retrospective: done after the fact
Experimental: manipulate to see what happens
IgE
Induced basophils and mast cells to secrete histamine.
Does not cross placenta.
(Only IgG can cross placenta)
Sequence of cardiac conduction
SA node> AV node> bundle of His> purkinje fibers
Relationship of diaphragm and pressure in lungs.
Diaphragm and intercostals contract, pressure decreases in lungs. Decreased pressure allows air to flow into lungs.
Diaphragm relaxes, pressure increases.
