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Science Flashcards

1
Q

K-40, Ra-226, Th-232, U-238 are examples of what type of radioactive isotopes?

A

Natural or NORM.

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2
Q

Co-57, Co-60, Ba-133, Cs-137, Ir-192, Am-241, Se-75, Sr-90 are examples of what type of radioactive isotopes?

A

Industrial.

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3
Q

U-233U, U-235, Np-237, Pu-239, Cf-252 are examples of what type of radioactive isotopes?

A

Nuclear.

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4
Q

ALARA in radiation safety.

A

As Low as Reasonably Achievable.

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5
Q

What are the 3 principles of radiation safety?

A

Time, Distance, Shielding.

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6
Q

There are four main types of active security sensor technologies:

A

Microwave sensors, Ultrasonic sensors, Active Infrared (AIR) sensors, Dual technology sensors.

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7
Q

What is half-life?

A

Time required for radioactive material to decrease by ½.

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8
Q

Inverse square law (1/R2)

A

Triple the distance, cut exposure by 1/9th.

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9
Q

What causes electrical changes in materials?

A

Ionizing Radiation.

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10
Q

The same element, but with different number of neutrons is?

A

An Isotope.

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11
Q

What is Half Value Layer (HVL)?

A

The thickness of a material that will stop half the x-rays.

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12
Q

The EPA guidance on radiation dose limits for workers in an emergency response capacity for life-saving or protection of large populations is?

A

> 25 rem.

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13
Q

Which is more radioactive 10 curies or 100 millicuries?

A

10 curies.

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14
Q

Chronic Radiation Dose is a dose received in a short period of time (seconds, hours, minutes, days). T/F

A

False.

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15
Q

Acute Radiation Doseis a dose received over a long period of time (months, years) .

A

False.

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16
Q

The typical composition of Cs-137 and Ba-137m is?

A

Salt.

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17
Q

The typical composition of Pu-238, Sr-90, Y-90, Se-75, and Po-210 can be?

A

Ceramic

18
Q

Three electrodes in a gas filled, hermetically sealed, pressurized envelope is known as a?

A

Triggered Spark Gap.

19
Q

A Self Breakdown Spark Gap has how many leads?

A

2, Adjacent and Opposite

20
Q

Uses high voltage trigger pulse to create thin ionized streamer between anode and cathode within a triggered spark gap?

A

Spark Gap Trigger Transformer.

21
Q

The basic components of a High Voltage Fireset are:

A

Battery, Transverter, Capacitor, Switch, Trigger, Load Ring, Detonators.

22
Q

What does a Transverter do?

A

Converts low voltage to high voltage.

23
Q

Define Fission.

A

The splitting of a atom by a neutron releasing energy.

24
Q

Define Fusion.

A

Fusing atoms together resulting in an energy release.

25
Q

IND isotopes:

A

U233, U235, Np237, Pu239

26
Q

RDD Isotopes.

A

Co60, Se75, Cs137, Ir192

27
Q

Neutron Emitters.

A

Pu, Californium, AmBe, PoBe

28
Q

Gamma and X rays are examples of ______ energy?

A

Photon

29
Q

Alpha, Beta, and Neutron are examples of ______ energy?

A

Particle

30
Q

2 Protons and 2 Neutrons are an _____ particle.

A

Alpha

31
Q

A positive or negative electron is a ____ particle.

A

Beta

32
Q

A neutrally charged particle is a ____.

A

Neutron

33
Q

The number of Protons in an atom determines the material. T/F

A

True

34
Q

The number of Neutrons in an atom determines the _____ and _______.

A

Isotope; Radioactivity

35
Q

Atomic mass is determined by?

A

Protons + Neutrons

36
Q

Annual dose limit is?

A

5R

37
Q

LD50/30 is?

A

The lethal dose to 50% of the population within 30 days (350-500R)

38
Q

RDD isotopes Ir192 and Se75 may hamper what diagnostic?

A

X-rays

39
Q

Ra226 is the daughter product of ____.

A

U235

40
Q

Am241 is the daughter product of ____.

A

Pu239

41
Q

Th232 is the daughter product of ____.

A

U233

42
Q

____ can cause a false alarm for U235.

A

Cs137

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