Science Flashcards
K-40, Ra-226, Th-232, U-238 are examples of what type of radioactive isotopes?
Natural or NORM.
Co-57, Co-60, Ba-133, Cs-137, Ir-192, Am-241, Se-75, Sr-90 are examples of what type of radioactive isotopes?
Industrial.
U-233U, U-235, Np-237, Pu-239, Cf-252 are examples of what type of radioactive isotopes?
Nuclear.
ALARA in radiation safety.
As Low as Reasonably Achievable.
What are the 3 principles of radiation safety?
Time, Distance, Shielding.
There are four main types of active security sensor technologies:
Microwave sensors, Ultrasonic sensors, Active Infrared (AIR) sensors, Dual technology sensors.
What is half-life?
Time required for radioactive material to decrease by ½.
Inverse square law (1/R2)
Triple the distance, cut exposure by 1/9th.
What causes electrical changes in materials?
Ionizing Radiation.
The same element, but with different number of neutrons is?
An Isotope.
What is Half Value Layer (HVL)?
The thickness of a material that will stop half the x-rays.
The EPA guidance on radiation dose limits for workers in an emergency response capacity for life-saving or protection of large populations is?
> 25 rem.
Which is more radioactive 10 curies or 100 millicuries?
10 curies.
Chronic Radiation Dose is a dose received in a short period of time (seconds, hours, minutes, days). T/F
False.
Acute Radiation Doseis a dose received over a long period of time (months, years) .
False.
The typical composition of Cs-137 and Ba-137m is?
Salt.
The typical composition of Pu-238, Sr-90, Y-90, Se-75, and Po-210 can be?
Ceramic
Three electrodes in a gas filled, hermetically sealed, pressurized envelope is known as a?
Triggered Spark Gap.
A Self Breakdown Spark Gap has how many leads?
2, Adjacent and Opposite
Uses high voltage trigger pulse to create thin ionized streamer between anode and cathode within a triggered spark gap?
Spark Gap Trigger Transformer.
The basic components of a High Voltage Fireset are:
Battery, Transverter, Capacitor, Switch, Trigger, Load Ring, Detonators.
What does a Transverter do?
Converts low voltage to high voltage.
Define Fission.
The splitting of a atom by a neutron releasing energy.
Define Fusion.
Fusing atoms together resulting in an energy release.
IND isotopes:
U233, U235, Np237, Pu239
RDD Isotopes.
Co60, Se75, Cs137, Ir192
Neutron Emitters.
Pu, Californium, AmBe, PoBe
Gamma and X rays are examples of ______ energy?
Photon
Alpha, Beta, and Neutron are examples of ______ energy?
Particle
2 Protons and 2 Neutrons are an _____ particle.
Alpha
A positive or negative electron is a ____ particle.
Beta
A neutrally charged particle is a ____.
Neutron
The number of Protons in an atom determines the material. T/F
True
The number of Neutrons in an atom determines the _____ and _______.
Isotope; Radioactivity
Atomic mass is determined by?
Protons + Neutrons
Annual dose limit is?
5R
LD50/30 is?
The lethal dose to 50% of the population within 30 days (350-500R)
RDD isotopes Ir192 and Se75 may hamper what diagnostic?
X-rays
Ra226 is the daughter product of ____.
U235
Am241 is the daughter product of ____.
Pu239
Th232 is the daughter product of ____.
U233
____ can cause a false alarm for U235.
Cs137
