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AFOQT > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific method steps

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experiment
  4. Theory
  5. Principle or law (repeat(
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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Balanced internal situation to stay alive and healthy

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3
Q

Geologic Eras oldest to newest

A

Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

Please Pay My Children!

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4
Q

Precambrian Era characteristics

A

Formation of earth
Cooling
High seismic activity
Life appears - worms, jellyfish

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5
Q

Paleozoic Era characteristics

A

My ranges formed

More advanced life - sharks, starfish, dragonflies, some reptiles, trilobites

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6
Q

Mesozoic Era characteristics

A 
230 - 65 million years ago
Dinosaurs rise and fall
Birds appear
Snakes, modern fish
Periods: Triassic --> Jurassic --> Cretaceous
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7
Q

Cenozoic Era characteristics

A

500,000 years ago - today
Current era
Rise and fall of global ice age
Appearance of most of today’s animal life

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8
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

Percentage of how much water vapor the air could hold at a given temperature

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9
Q

Earths distance from sun and relative size

A

93,000,000 miles
4th largest (bigger than Mercury , Venus , Mars
Smaller than all outer ring planets)

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10
Q

Planet with most moons

A

Jupiter / 63

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11
Q

Planet with Fewest moons

A

Mercury / Venus - 0

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12
Q

Shortest and longest planet orbits

A 
88 days
164 years (Neptune)
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13
Q

Earth atmospheric makeup

A

21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
0.03% Carbon dioxide
Trace amounts of rare gases, water vapor, and dust particles

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14
Q

Formula for dry ice

A

Solid CO2

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Two or more forms of the same element

Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons

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16
Q

An insulator is a material with…?

A

Very few, if any, free electrons.

Can be used to protect the conductor

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17
Q

How long does it take for Light from the sun to reach earth?

A

8 minutes

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18
Q

Speed of light

A

186,282 miles per second

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19
Q

Cells that can be scraped from the mouth lining are called?

A

Epithelial tissue

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20
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Skin and inner lining for organs

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21
Q

4 types of human tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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22
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects, supports and binds organs together. Separates structures and sometimes stores energy

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23
Q

Single replacement chemical reaction

A

One substance in a compound is freed and another takes its place

Ex. A + BC –> B + AC

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24
Q

Double replacement chemical reaction

A

Also called double displacement, exchange, or metathesis reactions—occurs when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.

Ex. AB + CD –> CB + AD

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25
Q

Composition chemical reaction

A

2 or more elements or compounds combine to form a more complex substance

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26
Q

Decomposition chemical reaction

A

Complex compound breaks down to simpler compounds

27
Q

Kinetic energy equation

A

Mass * acceleration (gravity) * distance (height) = joules

28
Q

Gravitational velocity

A

9.8m/s^2

29
Q

Definition of Power

A

Rate at which work is done. Measured in Watts or joules

30
Q

Amperes equation

A

I = Q / T

I - current in amperes
Q - charge in coulombs
T - time in seconds

31
Q

Two most common semiconductors

A

Germanium and silicone

32
Q

3 Common electricity conductors

A

Silver (better) > copper (cheaper) > aluminum (lighter)

33
Q

Unit of electricity conductance

A

Siemen (S) = 1 / Ohms

34
Q

Unit of electricity resistance

A

Ohms = 1/Siemens

35
Q

Ohms law

A

Strength of current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance

36
Q

Work equation and units

A

Work is measured in Newtons or pound-force (Ibf). 1 Ibf = 4.45 Newtons

work = force x distance

37
Q

Mechanical Advantage (general)

A

force acting on the load to the force of effort.
MA = F(L) / F(E)

F(L) - output force. Load x load distance
F(E) - input force. Effort x effort distance

38
Q

efficiency

A

Efficiency = work out / work in

39
Q

Mechanical Advantage (leaver)

A

MA(leaver) = F(L) / F(E) = effort arm length / load arm length

40
Q

Wedges

A

Double include plane (both sides are inclined). Force is perpendicular to the inclined surfaces thus pushing the two surfaces apart.

41
Q

How do pulleys work?

A

For one pulley, you only exert half the effort to raise the load that you would need to by lifting it directly. The trade off is that you must pull twice as much rope through (i.e., the ‘effort distance’ doubles). The tension in the other end of the rope lifts the other half of the weight.

If there are three ropes lifting the object you only exert 1/3rd of the effort to raise the load but pull three times as much rope through.

Keep in mind that in reality, the more pulleys you add the more friction and weight you add to the system, i.e., real effort > ideal effort.

42
Q

Mechanical Advantage (hydraulic jack)

A

MA(hj) = area of the load piston / area of the effort piston = a(L) / a(E) = d(E) / d(L)

a(L) = Area of load piston = Pi*r^2
a(E) = Area of effort piston = Pi*r^2
d(L) = distance load piston moved
d(E) = distance effort piston moved
43
Q

The Wassermann test may indicate the presence of?

A

Syphilis

Blood test

44
Q

The process responsible for the continuous removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is called?

A

Photosynthesis

45
Q

The salivary glands secret the enzyme ptyalin, which acts on

A

Carbohydrates

46
Q

Ringworm is caused by a(n)?

A

Fungus (skin disease)

47
Q

The vitamin that helps coagulation of blood is?

A

K

48
Q

The vitamin that helps prevent scurvy is?

A

Vitamin C

49
Q

Vitamin that maintains muscle tone and aids in fertility is?

A

Vitamin E

50
Q

Vitamin that helps prevent rickets?

A

Vitamin D

51
Q

The cyclotron is used to?

A

Split atoms

52
Q

Boiling and freezing points in Fahrenheit ?

A

Freezing: 32 Deg
Boiling: 212 Deg

53
Q

Height of mercury in a thermometer at sea level?

A

30 inches

54
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria are found in?

A

Nodules on the roots of the clover and legumes

55
Q

If you wish to cut down on saturated fats and cholesterol in your diet, which foods should you avoid?

A

Milk and milk products?

56
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule.

57
Q

Equation for Watts

A

Watts (W) = volts x amps

Watts = joules / second

58
Q

Joules equation

A

Joules (J) = Newtons x meters

59
Q

Force needed to lift a weight with a lever

A

F(E)r(E) = F(L)r(L)

–> F(E) = F(L)r(L) / r(E)

60
Q

The statement that best describes a “high” on a weather map is?

A

The air pressure is greater than normal

61
Q

Fungi are found in abundance deep in the forest primarily because…

A

They have a plentiful supply of organic matter

62
Q

A 1000 ton ship must displace weight of water equal to?

A

1000 tons

63
Q

Vitamin C is also known as ?

A

Ascorbic acid

64
Q

Feet per mile

A

5280

AFOQT (4 decks)

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