Science Flashcards
Scientific method steps
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Theory
- Principle or law (repeat(
Homeostasis
Balanced internal situation to stay alive and healthy
Geologic Eras oldest to newest
Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Please Pay My Children!
Precambrian Era characteristics
Formation of earth
Cooling
High seismic activity
Life appears - worms, jellyfish
Paleozoic Era characteristics
My ranges formed
More advanced life - sharks, starfish, dragonflies, some reptiles, trilobites
Mesozoic Era characteristics
230 - 65 million years ago Dinosaurs rise and fall Birds appear Snakes, modern fish Periods: Triassic --> Jurassic --> Cretaceous
Cenozoic Era characteristics
500,000 years ago - today
Current era
Rise and fall of global ice age
Appearance of most of today’s animal life
What is relative humidity?
Percentage of how much water vapor the air could hold at a given temperature
Earths distance from sun and relative size
93,000,000 miles
4th largest (bigger than Mercury , Venus , Mars
Smaller than all outer ring planets)
Planet with most moons
Jupiter / 63
Planet with Fewest moons
Mercury / Venus - 0
Shortest and longest planet orbits
88 days 164 years (Neptune)
Earth atmospheric makeup
21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
0.03% Carbon dioxide
Trace amounts of rare gases, water vapor, and dust particles
Formula for dry ice
Solid CO2
Isotopes
Two or more forms of the same element
Same number of protons and electrons; different number of neutrons
An insulator is a material with…?
Very few, if any, free electrons.
Can be used to protect the conductor
How long does it take for Light from the sun to reach earth?
8 minutes
Speed of light
186,282 miles per second
Cells that can be scraped from the mouth lining are called?
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue
Skin and inner lining for organs
4 types of human tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Connective tissue
Protects, supports and binds organs together. Separates structures and sometimes stores energy
Single replacement chemical reaction
One substance in a compound is freed and another takes its place
Ex. A + BC –> B + AC
Double replacement chemical reaction
Also called double displacement, exchange, or metathesis reactions—occurs when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.
Ex. AB + CD –> CB + AD
Composition chemical reaction
2 or more elements or compounds combine to form a more complex substance
Decomposition chemical reaction
Complex compound breaks down to simpler compounds
Kinetic energy equation
Mass * acceleration (gravity) * distance (height) = joules
Gravitational velocity
9.8m/s^2
Definition of Power
Rate at which work is done. Measured in Watts or joules
Amperes equation
I = Q / T
I - current in amperes
Q - charge in coulombs
T - time in seconds
Two most common semiconductors
Germanium and silicone
3 Common electricity conductors
Silver (better) > copper (cheaper) > aluminum (lighter)
Unit of electricity conductance
Siemen (S) = 1 / Ohms
Unit of electricity resistance
Ohms = 1/Siemens
Ohms law
Strength of current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance
Work equation and units
Work is measured in Newtons or pound-force (Ibf). 1 Ibf = 4.45 Newtons
work = force x distance
Mechanical Advantage (general)
force acting on the load to the force of effort.
MA = F(L) / F(E)
F(L) - output force. Load x load distance
F(E) - input force. Effort x effort distance
efficiency
Efficiency = work out / work in
Mechanical Advantage (leaver)
MA(leaver) = F(L) / F(E) = effort arm length / load arm length
Wedges
Double include plane (both sides are inclined). Force is perpendicular to the inclined surfaces thus pushing the two surfaces apart.
How do pulleys work?
For one pulley, you only exert half the effort to raise the load that you would need to by lifting it directly. The trade off is that you must pull twice as much rope through (i.e., the ‘effort distance’ doubles). The tension in the other end of the rope lifts the other half of the weight.
If there are three ropes lifting the object you only exert 1/3rd of the effort to raise the load but pull three times as much rope through.
Keep in mind that in reality, the more pulleys you add the more friction and weight you add to the system, i.e., real effort > ideal effort.
Mechanical Advantage (hydraulic jack)
MA(hj) = area of the load piston / area of the effort piston = a(L) / a(E) = d(E) / d(L)
a(L) = Area of load piston = Pi*r^2 a(E) = Area of effort piston = Pi*r^2 d(L) = distance load piston moved d(E) = distance effort piston moved
The Wassermann test may indicate the presence of?
Syphilis
Blood test
The process responsible for the continuous removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is called?
Photosynthesis
The salivary glands secret the enzyme ptyalin, which acts on
Carbohydrates
Ringworm is caused by a(n)?
Fungus (skin disease)
The vitamin that helps coagulation of blood is?
K
The vitamin that helps prevent scurvy is?
Vitamin C
Vitamin that maintains muscle tone and aids in fertility is?
Vitamin E
Vitamin that helps prevent rickets?
Vitamin D
The cyclotron is used to?
Split atoms
Boiling and freezing points in Fahrenheit ?
Freezing: 32 Deg
Boiling: 212 Deg
Height of mercury in a thermometer at sea level?
30 inches
Nitrogen fixing bacteria are found in?
Nodules on the roots of the clover and legumes
If you wish to cut down on saturated fats and cholesterol in your diet, which foods should you avoid?
Milk and milk products?
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule.
Equation for Watts
Watts (W) = volts x amps
Watts = joules / second
Joules equation
Joules (J) = Newtons x meters
Force needed to lift a weight with a lever
F(E)r(E) = F(L)r(L)
–> F(E) = F(L)r(L) / r(E)
The statement that best describes a “high” on a weather map is?
The air pressure is greater than normal
Fungi are found in abundance deep in the forest primarily because…
They have a plentiful supply of organic matter
A 1000 ton ship must displace weight of water equal to?
1000 tons
Vitamin C is also known as ?
Ascorbic acid
Feet per mile
5280
