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1 Semester Final-8 Grade > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Small particles, building blocks of matter

A

Atoms

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2
Q

Physical properties that depend on size, vary depending on how much matter is in a sample

A

Size Dependent

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3
Q

Do not depend on the amount of matter present, same for both small and large sample

A

Size Independent

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4
Q

Mass per unit volume of a substance, size independent

A

Density

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5
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space

A

Matter

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6
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous mixture, substance present in the largest amount is called the solvent, samples will have the same amount of each substance

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7
Q

Matter that can vary in composition, combinations of two or more substances that are physically blended together, can be separated by physical methods

A

Mixture

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8
Q

Substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

A

Compound

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9
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics of matter that you can observe or measure without changing the identity of matter.
State of matter, size dependent and size independent

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10
Q

Characteristics of matter that can be observed as it changes to a different type of matter

A

Chemical properties

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11
Q

Change in size, shape, form or state in which the matters identity stays the same

A

Physical change

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12
Q

Chemical change

A

Change in matter which substances that make up the matter and change into new substances with new physical and chemical properties

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13
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Often called chemical changes
If particles collide with enough force, bonded atoms can break apart
When they rearrange and bond, new substances can be formed

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14
Q

Amount of substance in a volume

A

Concentration

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15
Q

Substances that are evenly mixed, known as a solution

A

Homogeneous mixture

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16
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

Not evenly mixed. Samples not the same

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17
Q

Factors that affect size of a reaction

A 
Temperature (higher=faster)
Concentration (higher=faster)
Surface area (more=faster)
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18
Q

Matter with a definite volume but not definite shape

A

Liquids

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19
Q

Solids

A

Definite matter and shape, strong attractive forces.
Crystalline- repeating order
Morphis- Random

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20
Q

No definite shape or volume, particles are far apart and move freely, weak attractive forces

A

Gases

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21
Q

High energy matter consigns of positive, negative charged particles
Most common state of matter in space

A

Plasma

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22
Q

Uneven forces acting on the particles on surface of a liquid

A

Surface tension

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23
Q

Condensation

A

Gas->Liquid

Gas loses thermal energy

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24
Q

Gas-> Liquid, skips the solid stage

Thermal energy removed

A

Deposition

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25
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid-> gas

Skipping liquid stage

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26
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

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27
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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28
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Boiling

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29
Q

Liquid surface to gas

A

Evaporation

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30
Q

How do energy particle change state of matter?

A

When energy is added, it means particles are moving faster (warmer), or there is more kinetic energy

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31
Q

How does a dense ship float on water?

A

It is filled with gas

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32
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy due to motion

Faster=more energy

33
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy due to interactions between particles or objects

34
Q

Boyles law

A

Pressure of gas increases if the volume decreases and pressure of a gas decreases if the volume increases. Temperature is constant
Low temp=high volume

35
Q

Charles’s law

A

Volume of gas increases with increasing temperature. Pressure is constant
Low pressure=high volume

36
Q

Measure of the average kinetic energy of all particles in an object

A

Temperature

37
Q

Pressure

A

When particles collide with their container, pressure results
Amount of force applied per unit of area

38
Q

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

A

Mass number

39
Q

Aristotle atomic theory

A

No empty space; fire, water, air and earth

40
Q

Democritus atomic theory

A

Atoms are solid objects that cannot be divided created or destroyed, constantly moving in empty space, much like today’s modern theory

41
Q

Daltons atomic theory

A

All matter is made of atoms that can’t be divided, created or destroyed, during a chemical reaction atoms of one element can’t be converted to atoms of another element, atoms combine in specific ratios,

42
Q

Thomson atomic theory

A

Discovered electrons, model contained both positive and negative electrons (plum pudding model)

43
Q

Rutherford

A

Concluded most of an atoms mass and positive charge was in the nucleus

44
Q

Protons

A

Symbol: p, positive one charge, located in the nucleus

45
Q

Neutral particle, in the nucleus, symbol: n,

A

Neutrons

46
Q

Symbol:-e, negative one charge, around the nucleus in an electron cloud

A

Electron

47
Q

Nucleus

A

Where most of an atoms mass and positive charge is concentrated

48
Q

Alpha decay

A

Made of 2 proton and 2 neutron (alpha particle)

Atomic number decreases by two

49
Q

Neutron in an atom changes into a proton and becomes part of the nucleus, releases a high energy electron
Atomic number increased by 1

A

Beta decay

50
Q

Gamma decay

A

Contain energy (gamma ray) doesn’t change atomic number of element

51
Q

Ionic bond

A

Attraction between positive and negative charged ions in an ionic compound. Nonmetal ion with metal ions
Solid crystals, high melting and boiling points, dissolve in water, salt (Na+ Cl-)

52
Q

Nonmetal atoms with nonmetal atoms. Gas, liquid, or solid
Low melting and boiling points, don’t dissolve in water, poor conductors, don’t dissolve in water
(Dull)
(Water)

A

Covalent bonds

53
Q

Molecules

A

Group of atoms held together by covalent bonding

Acts as an independent unit

54
Q

Metal ions with metal ions

Solid, high melting and boiling points, do not dissolve, conductors, shiny, sea of electrons

A

Metallic bond

55
Q

Polar molecule

A

Has a partial negative and partial positive charge due to unequal sharing of electrons

56
Q

No longer electrically neutral because of lost or gained electrons

A

Ions

57
Q

How many valence in the first two clouds?

A

2(first level)+8(second level)=10

58
Q

How many valence are needed for a stable atom

A

8

59
Q

Bohr

A

Proposed electrons move in circular orbits (energy level) around the nucleus
Closer=less energy

60
Q

Henry bacqurerel

A

Discovered radiation

Studied mineral that when left in sunlight gave of energy

61
Q

What can differ between atoms of different elements

A

Number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

62
Q

Why are scientist having trouble describing an atom?

A

Too small

63
Q

Water

A

Covalent

64
Q

Salt

A

Ionic

65
Q

Dot diagram

A

Shows atoms and valence

66
Q

Shows atoms and lines, lines represent one shared pair of electron

A

Structural formula

67
Q

Balls represent atoms, sticks represent bonds, used this who bind and angles

A

Ball and stick model

68
Q

Spheres represent atoms, 3-D arrangement of atoms

A

Space filling model

69
Q

Periodic

A

Repeating pattern

70
Q

Period

A

Rows

71
Q

Group

A

Column

72
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus, increases from left to right

73
Q

Group one

A

Alkali metals, react aggressively, lowest density

74
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Group two, react with other elements, low density

75
Q

Groups 3-12, metals, good building materials

A

Transition elements

76
Q

Halogens

A

Group 17, racy with metal and form salt

77
Q

Noble gases

A

Group 18, stable

78
Q

Semi conductors

A

Metalloids, only elements that are semi conductors

1 Semester Final-8 Grade (4 decks)

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