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Science Half Yearly > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Star?

A

A star is a large sustained explosion caused by the fusion of hydrogen, helium or other elements that radiates heat, light, and radioactive particles.

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2
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A galaxy is a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational forces.

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3
Q

What is a star system?

A

Star systems are systems consisting of a star or group of stars (binary, trinary), orbited by matter of some description.

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4
Q

What is a Nebula?

A

A nebula is a gigantic cloud of gas and dust within which protostars can form, thus eventually leading to real stars.

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5
Q

What is a Pulsar?

A

A pulsar is rapidly rotating neutron star that radiates light causing a lighthouse like effect.

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6
Q

What is a Quasar?

A

A quasar is believed to be powered by accretion of material into supermassive black holes in the nuclei of distant galaxies, making these luminous versions of the general class of objects known as active galaxies.

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7
Q

What is a black hole?

A

A black hole is defined as a tear or hole in the fabric of space time, with a massive gravitational force that not even light can escape.

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8
Q

What is a comet?

A

A comet is a hunk of ice and rock hurtling through space.

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9
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

An asteroid is a lump of metallic rock hurtling through space.

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10
Q

What is a planet?

A

A planet is a large rocky or gaseous celestial body that has sufficient gravity to make it spherical and orbits a star.

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11
Q

What is an exoplanet?

A

Exoplanets are ‘planets’ that either don’t follow a normal orbit path around a star, or do not have enough gravity to be spherical, or have little or no planetary features and are essentially a small floating hunk of rock.

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12
Q

What is a moon?

A

A moon is a large rocky or gaseous celestial body that doesn’t necessarily have a strong gravity (and thus doesn’t always have a spherical shape) and orbits a planet.

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13
Q

What is a light year?

A

Lightyears are the distance light travels in a year. This is really accurate as the speed of light is the only universal constant.

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14
Q

What does the Frontal Cortex do?

A

Allows for reasoning, thought, logic, problem-solving, and decision making.

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15
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex do?

A

Allows for intelligence, awareness, personality and comprehension

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16
Q

What does the Motor Cortex do?

A

Allows for rough voluntary motor control such as bending an elbow or knee, or sliding your hand along a surface

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17
Q

What does the Somatosensory Cortex do?

A

Allows for processing of sensory information

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18
Q

What does the Superior and Inferior Paritiel Lobule do?

A

Allow for visualisations, spatial reasoning and mapping, and number representation

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19
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe do?

A

Allows for vision, and vision associated reasoning and thinking

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20
Q

What does the Auditory Cortex do?

A

Allows for the interpretation of sound

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21
Q

What does the Middle and Inferior Temporal Gyrus do?

A

Allow for word retrieval, autobiographical memory, visual perception, and language and semantic memory processes.

22
Q

What does the Superior Temporal Gyrus do?

A

Allows for speech processing, comprehension, sound processing, and auditory memory

23
Q

What does the Wernicke’s Area do?

A

Allows for comprehension of language

24
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

Allows for coordination of voluntary movement, fine motor control, motor-learning, balance, reflex, memory, posture, timing and sequence learning.

25
Q

What does the Brain Stem do?

A

It regulates the automatic body functions (homeostasis), and regulates breathing and taste.

26
Q

What does the medulla and spinal cord do?

A

Controls alertness, sleep, balance and startle response, as well as other reflex actions such as jerking, gagging, shivering, blinking, flinching, etc.

27
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance and the stabilisation of the body’s systems

28
Q

How is CO2 produced and removed from the body?

A

CO2 is made through respiration and exhaled by the lungs

29
Q

How is urea produced and removed?

A

It is created by the breaking down of amino acids and removed to the bladder to be later via the urethra

30
Q

How is temperature controlled?

A

The bodies temperature is increased through movement and shivering and is decreased through sweating and inactivity

31
Q

How are ions controlled?

A

Ion’s are increased by eating and decreased through urine and sweating

32
Q

How is water controlled?

A

Increased through drinking and lost through urine and sweat

33
Q

How is blood glucose levels controlled?

A

Through hormones

34
Q

What is the Reproductive System?

A

The reproductive system is a series of organs, glands and other body parts that allow for the process of fertilisation and reproduction to occur. It consists of a unique male and female system.

35
Q

What does the prostate do?

A

It produces fluids which nourish and protects sperm during fertilisation

36
Q

What do the Seminal Vesicles do?

A

Produces fluids which aid in the propulsion and ejection of sperm in ejaculation/fertilisation

37
Q

What do the Vas Deferens do?

A

It transports the mature sperm to the urethra via the prostate and the seminal vesicles

38
Q

What does the Urethra do?

A

It transports urine and semen to the exterior of the body, and blocks the flow of urine during fertilisation

39
Q

What does the penis do?

A

The penis inserts into the vagina to allow fertilisation

40
Q

What does the Epididymus do?

A

It removes mature sperm from the testes to later be used in fertilisation

41
Q

What does the foreskin do?

A

It protects the glands prior to fertilisation

42
Q

What do the glands do?

A

They create a nervous and endocrine response, which leads to a sexual stimulation during fertilisation

43
Q

What do Testes do?

A

The testes produce and store sperm for fertilisation

44
Q

What do the Fallopian Tubes do?

A

They transport the ova(eggs) from the ovaries to the uterus during ovulation each month

45
Q

What does the Uterus do?

A

It nurtures the fertilised ovum into a foetus, and then a mature baby. The fertilised ovum gathers nutrients, from special blood vessels, which then later turn into the umbilical cord

46
Q

What does the Endometrium do?

A

It is an adhesive layer which covers the walls of the uterus, it helps the ova(egg) stick to the wall and develop if fertilised

47
Q

What do the ovaries do?

A

They produce ova (eggs), and are glands from the endocrine system that oversee reproductive development and fertility

48
Q

What does the vagina do?

A

Passageway for the penis to then allow for fertilisation

49
Q

What does the cervix do?

A

It causes a nervous and endocrine response which results in sexual stimulation

50
Q

What is the Sun?

A

The sun is one of millions of stars, in millions of galaxies, all orbiting around an infinitely massive universe.

Science Half Yearly (4 decks)

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