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EXAM CARDS > SCIENCE 3RD QUARTER > Flashcards

SCIENCE 3RD QUARTER Flashcards

1
Q

is a form of communication system in the body.

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

It uses chemicals in
order to communicate with other organs or organ systems.

A

endocrine system

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3
Q

is made up of communication
posts that make and deliver messages to specific organs in the form of chemicals.

A

endocrine system

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4
Q

The endocrine system is made up of different

A

glands

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5
Q

are organs that create and secrete chemical substances that directly target organs to do certain functions.

A

Glands

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6
Q

The chemical substances that are released from
the endocrine glands are called

A

hormones.

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7
Q

small gland located in the brain. It is sometimes called the “master
gland” because it releases hormones that tell other glands when they need to produce
hormones too.

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

the pituitary gland can be divided into the

A

anterior and the posterior pituitary gland,

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9
Q

stimulates growth by telling the bones and muscles
to increase their rate of cell division.

A

Human growth hormone (hGH)

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10
Q

tells the adrenal glands to produce and
release its hormones.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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11
Q

tells the thyroid to produce and release its
hormones.

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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12
Q

and luteinizing hormone (LH) tell the
reproductive organs to release the hormones needed to start the production and
development of gametes.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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13
Q

is a hormone with various functions, but among the most well known is its
role in the production of milk in females. Other functions include its role in the
immune and nervous systems.

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

is an important hormone in both males and females as it
plays a role in triggering many of the changes during and after puberty.

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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15
Q

Found behind the anterior pituitary gland is the __________. stores hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus.

A

posterior pituitary
gland

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16
Q

posterior pituitary two hormones are:

A

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin

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17
Q

is known for its role in causing contractions during childbirth. Other functions also
include its effect on lactation and appetite control.

A

Oxytocin

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18
Q

plays a role in maintaining the balance of certain
fluids in the body.

A

Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin

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19
Q

which is located near the pituitary gland produces and releases a
hormone called melatonin.

A

pineal gland

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20
Q

pineal gland which is located near the pituitary gland produces and releases a
hormone called

A

melatonin.

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21
Q

It helps regulate our sleep-wake cycle.

A

melatonin.

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22
Q

may reduce the amount of melatonin
produced by the pineal gland.

A

FSH-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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23
Q

secrete hormones that help us in times of stress.

A

Adrenal glands

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24
Q

Adrenal glands are located just above the

A

kidneys

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25
Q

a hormone that increases the activity of body cells. prepares the
muscles to move in order to respond to danger. The

A

adrenaline

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26
Q

is located near the stomach, and is also part of the digestive system.

A

pancreas

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27
Q

that sugar in the form of. is used by the cells for energy.

A

glucose

28
Q

When there is too much
sugar in the blood and the body does not need it yet, it can be stored in the

A

liver.

29
Q

pancreas secretes two important hormones that regulates the sugar (glucose) needed by
cells for energy:

A

insulin and glucagon.

30
Q

hormone signals the liver and muscle cells to change glucose into glycogen.
In this form, sugar is stored in the liver.

A

Insulin

31
Q

hormone tells the liver to change glycogen back to glucose and release it
into the blood.

A

Glucagon

32
Q

The release of insulin and glucagon

A

endocrine function.

33
Q

which makes use of a duct to
directly secrete a substance into the organ or tissue.

A

exocrine,

34
Q

also has an exocrine
function, which is to break down the components of food in the digestive system.

A

pancreas

35
Q

The insulin injected into diabetic patients mostly comes from animal
sources .An alternative hormone was approved for use in the
1980s. is a product of genetic engineering and is found to have
the same effects as insulin in diabetic patients, but is cheaper and has
fewer negative side effects.

A

humulin,

36
Q

is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck, just in front of the larynx
or voice box. It produces hormones that regulate important body processes and affects
growth.

A

thyroid gland

37
Q

thyroid gland produces what

A

thyroxine (T4)
calcitonin

38
Q

tells cells how fast energy should be converted from
the food we eat.

A

thyroxine (T4)

39
Q

which helps regulate the amount
of calcium that is in the blood.

A

calcitonin

40
Q

At the back of the thyroid gland are four tiny glands called

A

parathyroid glands.

41
Q

parathyroid glands. These
glands release. which also regulates the calcium level in the
blood, together with calcitonin.

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

42
Q

The ______of females and ______ of males are _____or reproductive glands of humans.

A

ovary
testis
gonads

43
Q

ovaries mainly produce

A

estrogen and
progesterone

44
Q

while the testes mainly produce

A

testosterone.

45
Q

formation of some male reproductive tissues and
organs
● responsible for secondary sex characteristics such
as body hair and muscle mass

A

testosterone

46
Q

prepares the uterus for pregnancy

A

progesterone

47
Q

responsible for secondary sex characteristics such
as breast development and regulation of the
menstrual cycle

A

estrogen

48
Q

can be defined as the process by which the body maintains its internal
balance, independent of external factors.

A

Homeostasis

49
Q

There are certain steps that the body
takes in order to maintain internal balance, and examples are the

A

negative and positive
feedback systems.

50
Q

If taken in the
context of the human body, if the body senses a change and acts to reverse that change, it
is an example of

A

negative feedback.

51
Q

when a stimulus causes a response, and this leads to a cascade of repeating events until a
change occurs.

A

positive feedback.

52
Q

The two
common diseases of the endocrine system

A

diabetes and goiter.

53
Q

has a problem with maintaining normal levels of blood glucose. The
pancreas loses its function to produce insulin or cannot produce enough to act on the
glucose in the blood.

A

Diabetes

54
Q

happens when the body’s own immune system destroys the
insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. There is no clear reason why it happens or when it
can happen. It is usually an inherited disease. But people without a family history of
diabetes can still develop this disease.

A

Type I diabetes

55
Q

is the most common kind of diabetes at present. In this case, the pancreas
can produce insulin.

A

Type II diabetes

56
Q

body cells are not following instructions from insulin
anymore. It is called. Insulin lost its capacity to reduce the blood glucose
level.

A

insulin resistance.

57
Q

may be an inherited or an acquired disease. It can result from an unhealthy
lifestyle of eating excessively.

A

Type II

58
Q

can happen to some pregnant women when they have high glucose
levels in the blood. Usually, the symptoms disappear when the baby is born.

A

Gestational diabetes

59
Q

can result in a lot of complications if not managed.

A

Diabetes

60
Q

If the pancreas does not produce insulin anymore, the person with diabetes can inject

A

insulin on a regular basis.

61
Q

It is the enlargement of the thyroid gland.

A

Goiter

62
Q

gland. A common cause of goiter is

A

iodine deficiency.

63
Q

The thyroid needs________ to be able to produce hormones.

A

iodine

64
Q

Iodine-rich food includes

A

fish, seaweeds,
potatoes, and eggs.

65
Q

major endocrine organs include the

A

pineal, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid
glands, the liver, the pancreas, the testes and the ovaries.

66
Q

These organs are all found in different parts of the body, but many of their products
are delivered by the

A

bloodstream.

EXAM CARDS (4 decks)

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