SCIENCE - 3RD Q Flashcards
What does ITCZ stand for?
Intertropical Convergence Zone
What does PAGASA stand for?
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration
What does PAR stand for?
Philippine Area of Responsibility
What is the term for tropical cyclone in the Philippines?
Bagyo
Where is the term ‘hurricane’ used?
Northeast Pacific and North Atlantic
Where is the term ‘typhoon’ used?
Northwest Pacific
What is the anatomy of a typhoon?
Eye, Eyewall, Inner (Rain) Bands, Outer (Feeder) Bands
Name the five classifications of tropical cyclone and their corresponding wind speed.
Tropical Depression - 61km/less, Tropical Storm - 62-88km, Severe Tropical Storm - 89-117km, Typhoon - 118-184km, Super Typhoon - 185km up
Where do typhoons form?
Oceans
Where do typhoons that hit the Philippines usually originate?
Pacific Ocean
What are the effects of tropical Cyclone?
Rainfall or Flooding, Storm Surge, Tornadoes, Strong Winds
What causes tropical cyclones to spin?
The rotation of the earth.
The cyclonic circulation of a tropical cyclone located in the southern hemisphere.
Clockwise
Define storm surge.
An abnormal rise of sea water due to tropical cyclone that occurs along the coast.
Which best describes leeward side?
Leeward side has less vegetation because moist in the air is accumulated in the windward side.
What year did typhoon Yolanda hit the Philippines?
2013
Which statement does not best describe the windward side of a mountain?
It has less vegetation because the moist in the air is accumulated in the leeward side.
A tropical cyclone that arrives over land
Landfall
A box or bag containing the equipment, supplies, and medications needed during emergencies.
Emergency Kit
A rapidly rotating storm system characterized by low pressure-center, strong winds, and spiral arrangement of thunderstorm.
Tropical Cyclone
Why is windward side more vegetated than the leeward side of a mountain?
Because the windward side receives more precipitation and when air goes up the mountain, it loses moisture and dry air proceeds to the leeward side.
How does a typhoon gain and lose energy?
A typhoon gains energy from warm ocean water and loses energy over cool ocean water.
What is weather?
The atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a certain place at a certain time.
How is wind created?
Created when air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.
What is wind direction?
The direction wherein wind is blowing.
What is used to measure wind speed?
Anemometer
What is air temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the air. Varies with time of day, season, location and altitude.
Higher Temperature = Higher Kinetic Energy, therefore…
They are directly proportional, thus molecules in warm air moves faster than molecules cold air.
What is air pressure or barometric pressure?
The force of air applied on the air or a surface below it.
Air pressure decreases as altitude increases, therefore…
Air pressure is greater at low altitudes than high altitudes. They are inversely proportional.
What is the unit for air pressure?
Millibars (mb)
What is used to measure air pressure?
Barometer
What is humidity?
The amount of water vapor in the air.
How is humidity measured?
In grams of water per cubic meter of air (g/m^3)
What is relative humidity?
The amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air could contain at that temperature.
What is used to measure relative humidity?
Psychrometer
What will happen when the air has a relative humidity of 100%?
Dew or rain will form.
Humidity vs. Relative Humidity?
Humidity is merely the amount of water vapor in the air whereas relative humidity is the amount of water vapor currently present in the air in comparison to the capacity of the atmosphere.
What is dew point?
The temperature at which air is saturated and condensation can occur.
What are clouds?
Ice crystals or water droplets suspended in the atmosphere.
What is fog?
Ice crystals or water droplets suspended near the Earth’s surface.
Clouds vs. Fog
Clouds are suspended in the atmosphere, whereas fog is suspended near to the Earth’s surface.
What is precipitation?
Water, in liquid or solid form that falls from the atmosphere. (Like rain, sleet, snow, hail)
What is the water cycle or hydrologic cycle?
The series of natural processes by which water continually moves among oceans, land, and the atmosphere.
What is a high pressure system?
A large body of circulating air with a high-pressure center and low-pressure outside.
What is a low pressure system?
A large body of circulating air with a low-pressure center and high-pressure outside.
What is a weather front?
A boundary between two air masses.
What is a cold front?
Cold fronts bring about cold weather and are denser and pushes underneath warm air masses, usually give rise to severe storms.
What is a warm front?
Warm fronts bring warmer and humid weather, are denser than cold fronts and glides above cold air masses. Often bring steady rain or snow.
What is a stationary front?
A stalemate front between two air masses.
What is an occluded front?
When a fast-moving cold front catches up with a slow-moving warm front, creating an occluded or blocked front that usually brings precipitation.
What are air masses?
Large bodies of air that have uniform temperature, humidity and pressure.
What are continental air masses?
Air masses that form over land.
What are maritime air masses?
Air masses that form over water.
What are tropical air masses?
Air masses that form in equatorial regions.
What are polar air masses?
Air masses that form in cold regions.
What are arctic air masses?
Air masses that form near the poles or over the coldest regions of the globe.
What are thunderstorms or electrical storms?
Thunderstorms are known because of their lightning, warm temperatures, moisture and rising air supplied by a low-pressure system.
What is the pressure system of a tropical cyclone?
Low-pressure system.
What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?
The cumulus stage characterized by cloud formation and updrafts; the mature stage characterized by heavy winds, rain, and lightning; the dissipation stage is characterized by updrafts, winds, lightning, and precipitation ceasing.
What is a tornado?
A violent, whirling, column of air in contact with the ground.
How do tornadoes form?
Tornadoes originate from the updrafts of thunderstorms that rotate in the process. Winds spiral downwards to create a funnel cloud. A tornado is formed when the cloud reaches the ground.
What is a typhoon?
An intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119km/h.
Typhoons vs. Tornadoes
Tornadoes touch the ground, whereas typhoons do not.
What is a winter storm or blizzard?
A violent winter storm characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds and blowing snow.
What is a meteor or shooting star?
A meteor is a streak of light in Earth’s atmosphere made by a glowing meteoroid.
Why do meteors burn up when they enter the atmosphere?
Because of friction and due to the plain fact that the atmosphere is very hot.
What is a meteoroid?
A small, rocky particle that moves through space. Originates from either a comet, asteroid, the Moon, or from Mars.
What is a meteorite?
A meteoroid that strikes a planet or moon.
What is an impact crater?
A round depression formed on the surface of a planet, moon, etcetera by the impact of a meteorite.
What is an asteroid?
Asteroids are small, rocky bodies that have been likened to “flying mountains”. They are chunks of rock and ice that never clumped together like the inner planets, leftover objects from the formation of the solar system.
What is the largest asteroid?
Ceres, 1000km in diameter and 1km across.
What is the orbital period of asteroids?
Three to six years.
What is the Earth’s period of rotation?
One day.
What is Earth’s period of revolution?
One year or 365 days, 6hrs and 9 minutes.
Where do most asteroids lie?
Asteroids orbit the Sun eccentrically and most of them lie in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Describe the shape of an asteroid.
Irregular, varied.
What is a comet?
Pieces of rocky and metallic materials held together by frozen gases, like water ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
What is the difference between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide?
Carbon monoxide contains only one atom of oxygen, whereas carbon dioxide contains two.
What is the orbital period of comets?
Short-period comets 200 years, long-period comets 200 years and much further.
What is a coma?
A coma is the glowing head of a comet gained when it approaches the sun. Sometimes, a nucleus is detected within a coma. When comas approach the sun, some, not all, gain a tail.
How does a comet lose its tail?
When the comet moves away from the sun, the gases forming the coma recondense, the tail disappears and the comet returns to a cold storage. The material blown off from the tail is forever gone from the comet.
Where do short-period comets orbit?
The Kuiper Belt, which comets with short orbital periods are believed to orbit beyond Neptune.
Describe the shape of a comet.
Irregular, varied
How do comets orbit?
In a nearly circular motion, oval-shaped.
How do asteroids orbit?
Elliptical, like most planets.
Where do long-period comets orbit?
The Oort Cloud formed by comets distributed in all directions from the sun in a spherical shell around the solar system.
What is Hailey’s comet?
The most famous short-period comet, famous because it was the only one recorded.
What is the shape of the nucleus of a comet?
Potato-shaped, surface irregular and full of craterlike pits.
Where do most meteoroids originate from?
Interplanetary debris leftover from the formation of the solar system; material from the asteroid belt, or; the solid remains of comets that once traveled near Earth’s surface.
What is a meteor shower?
When Earth encounters a swarm of meteoroids traveling in the same direction at nearly the same speed as Earth.
What is the age of the Solar System and the Earth?
4.5 Billion Years
What does the term ‘planets’ mean?
Wanderers
What is the Solar System?
The Sun and the planets and objects around it.
What is matter?
Anything and everything that has mass and occupies space/volume.
Element vs. Compound
Elements only have one kind of atom, whereas compounds consist of multiple elements.
The cycle of atoms.
Elements - Atoms - Molecules - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organism - Community - Population - Ecosystem - Biome - Biosphere
What is a solid?
Has a definite shape and volume, strong attractive forces, and vibrates to move.
What is a liquid?
Has no definite shape, a definite volume, weaker attractive forces and glides or flows freely.
What is a gas?
No definite shape and volume, very weak attractive forces, moves freely and randomly.
Describe the Kinetic Particle Theory of Matter.
All matter is composed of particles, different particles for each substance. These particles are constantly moving and attract each other; particles at a higher temperature move faster than on average or lower temperature; Kinetic Energy & Temperature = Directly Proportional.
Explain kinetic energy, particle motions, and force of attraction in solid, liquid, and gas.
Solids have low KE and PM, and high FOA.
Liquids have average KE, PM and FOA.
Gases have high KE and PM, and low FOA.
Solid to Liquid?
Melting; gain energy
Liquid to Solid?
Freezing/Solidification; lose energy
Gas to Liquid
Condensation; lose energy
Liquid to Gas
Evaporation; gain energy
Solid to Gas
Sublimation
Gas to Solid
Deposition
Explain Boyle’s Law.
When temperature and mass are constant, Volume and Pressure = Inversely Proportional. Thus, decreasing volume increases collisions which increases pressure.
What is the triple point?
A point wherein all the states of matter are considered stable.
What is the critical point?
A temperature that no matter how much pressure is exerted, it will no longer form liquid.
What is the name of the process that occurs when the faster moving particles in a liquid escapes from its surface?
Evaporation since gases move faster than liquid, and the process wherein liquid converts into gas is called Evaporation.
What is the equation of Boyle’s Law?
P¹ V¹ = P² V²
