SCIENCE 2ND QUARTER: ORGANELLES Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Plasma Membrane?
A
- maintains homeostasis
- selective permeability
- nutrients stay, waste leaves
- separates the cell from the watery environment
- thin, flexible, boundary
2
Q
What are the “heads” of the plasma membrane?
A
- hydrophilic (loves water)
3
Q
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
A
- hydrophilic
- fatty acid tail
4
Q
What is the Cytoplasm?
A
- jelly-like
- the environment in plasma membrane
5
Q
What is the Cytoskeleton?
A
- fibers that extend through the cytoplasm
- organizes cell’s activities and structure
6
Q
What are the three types of molecular structures in the cytoskeleton?
A
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate filaments
7
Q
What is the Nucleus?
A
- “Information Central”
- manages cell’s structure and DNA
8
Q
What are the Ribosomes?
A
- “Protein Factories”
- can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic
- carries out protein synthesis
- Ribosomal RNA and protein
9
Q
What is Cytosol?
A
- free ribosomes
10
Q
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
A
- “Biosynthetic Factory”
- bound ribosomes
- folded sacs and interconnected channels (membrane system)
- site for protein and lipid synthesis
- ER membrane
11
Q
What is the ER membrane?
A
- continuous with the nuclear envelope
- two distinct regions
12
Q
What are the two distinct regions of the ER membrane?
A
- Rough ER synthesis (protein)
- Smooth ER synthesis (lipid)
12
Q
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
A
- “shipping and receiving center”
- flattened stack of membranes that modify, sort, and package macromolecules
- sorts and transports materials through transport vesicles
13
Q
What are Vacuoles?
A
- membrane-bound vesicles
- temporary storage of materials in cytoplasm
- plants and fungal cells have one or more
14
Q
What are the three types of Vacuoles?
A
- Food Vacuoles (lysosomes)
- Contractile Vacuoles
- Central Vacuoles
