SCIENCE 2ND QUARTER: BIOMOLECULES

Question 1

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 1

• polymer of sugars linked together
• compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms for each carbon one)
• energy source is the primary function

Question 2

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 3

What are Monosaccharides?

Answer 3

• Glucose is the most common
• Fructose and Galactose are other examples.

Question 4

What are Disaccharides?

Answer 4

• 2 monosaccharides linked together
• Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose are examples

Question 5

What are Polysaccharides?

Answer 5

• longer carbohydrate molecules
• Glycogen is the most common example

Question 6

What is Glycogen?

Answer 6

• energy storage form of glucose in the liver and skeletal muscle
• when the body needs energy, glycogen is broken down into glucose

Question 7

What are Lipids?

Answer 7

• molecules with carbon and hydrogen
• fatty acids, glycerol, and other compounds
• The primary function is energy storage

Question 8

What are the three types of Lipids?

Answer 8

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Steroids

Question 9

What are Triglycerides?

Answer 9

• long-term energy storage
• glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acid tails
• can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 10

What are Phospholipids?

Answer 10

• hydrophilic head
• hydrophobic tails
• bilayer sheet

Question 11

What are Proteins?

Answer 11

• small carbon compounds
• used to build muscle

Question 12

What are Amino Acids?

Answer 12

• small compounds with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur)
• all amino acids share the same general structure

Question 13

What are Nucleic Acids?

Answer 13

• complex macromolecules that store and transmit DNA
• smaller repeating units