Science 2023 Flashcards
What did Mendel use for his tests of heredity?
pea plant
What is a description of the alleles present in an individual?
genotype
What is a tool that would help predict patterns of heredity?
punnett square
What is Phenotype?
the physical traits of an organism
If a gene was homozygous recessive, how would you represent it?
two lower case letters (homo means same EX: rr)
How many copies of alleles does each person have?
2 copies
If a gene was heterozygous, how would you represent it?
one uppercase and one lowercase (Hetero means different EX: Bb)
What is carrying capacity?
the size of population that is supported by resources in a given location
What usually happens to a population of organisms when the region’s carrying capacity has been reached?
it levels off
What is an ecosystem?
all living and nonliving things in and area
What are populations influenced by?
prey, resources, water, shelter, food, predators
Explain the relationship between population and community and ecosystem.
a population is all of the organisms of the same species in the same area, a community is all populations of different species living in an area , and an ecosystem is all the living and nonliving things in a given area.
What happens when the needs of species are no longer met?
they either migrate or die off and that leads to extinction
What are some causes of extinction?
habitat loss not enough resources and overhunting
When does overpopulation of species occur?
when species’ numbers exceed the carrying capacity
Why is overpopulation so dangerous?
it messes up the ecosystem, it uses up more resources, and messes up the food web
What is the most common effect of overpopulation?
starvation
What happens if an ecosystem is left alone?
it balances out
What happens when population numbers increase?
the resources are used up faster
What molecule is most responsible for the adverse effects of of pollution and deforestation on Earth’s climate?
carbon dioxide
What is global warming?
the slow warming of earth’s atmosphere
What is anthropogenic mean?
caused by humans
What are the greenhouse gases?
methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor
What is happening to the weather that is a sign of climate change?
extreme weather, glaciers are melting
What is a water cycle?
the movement of water between various reservoirs of water around the planet
What is the most important source of energy that drives the water cycle?
the sun
What are the basic forces that drive the water cycle?
buoyancy and the force of gravity
What does the global wind system and the resulting currents in Earth’s oceans move around the planet?
thermal energy and moisture
What is precipitation?
snow sleet rain hail
What are temperatures affected by?
seasons and the water cycle
What is a meteorologist?
observes, studies, forecasts the weather
Name some of the tools they use.
satellites, weather radar
What is a front?
boundary between large air masses with different densities
