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Science 20 > Science 20 Bio > Flashcards

Science 20 Bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits other is unharmed

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2
Q

Parasitism

A

One benefits other is harmed

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3
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

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4
Q

What is a pioneer species

A

The pioneer species is the initial species to appear during succession

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5
Q

Invasive species

A

Not native to environment and can be harmful

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6
Q

Primary succession

A

No soil present after disturbance, may been caused by a wipeout

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7
Q

Secondary succession

A

Soil present after a disturbance. Usually cause by a natural disaster

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8
Q

Biotic potential

A

The ability for a species to increase under ideal conditions

Brith potential: max number of off spring

Capacity of survival: number of off spring that will live to reproduce

Breeding frequency: number of times a species can reproduce in a year

Length of reproduction: how long an organism is able to produce off spring Capacity

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9
Q

Factors that affect biotic potential

A

Light,lack of space,food availability etc

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10
Q

Why do predator and prey vary

A

When there is more prey the predator increases and over time the prey decreases because the predator is eating all the prey then when there is very few to no prey the predator starts decreasing because no food and then the prey will grow again

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11
Q

Nitrification

A

Nitrifying bacteria in the soil convert NH3/NH4 into No2 nitrites and No3 nitrate which plants use

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12
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Bacteria on plants or bacteria in the soil take nitrogen(N2) from the atmosphere and convert it into ammonia(NH3

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13
Q

Ammonification

A

When plants and animals die,decomposers return ammonia to the soil. It can be used again and again

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14
Q

Photosynthesis and respiration

A

Plants take Co2 from the atmosphere and organisms releasing respiration. photosynthesis fits into the carbon cycle because carbon dioxide is pulled from the air to produce food made for plant growth

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15
Q

Carbon reservoirs

A

1.ocean
2.atmosphere
3.on land organisms
4. Underground fossil fuels

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16
Q

Condensation

A

Vapor to liquid ex:clouds

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17
Q

Decaying organisms

A

Over long periods of time the decomposition pressure and heat will generate fossil fuels

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18
Q

Emissions of fossil fuel

A

The burning of fossil fuel emits Co2 back into the atmosphere

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19
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid to vapor

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20
Q

Run off

A

Precipitation falls on to land and runs into bodies of water

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21
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain,snow, sleet,hail

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22
Q

Transpiration

A

Plants

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23
Q

Green house effect

A

The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere

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24
Q

Albedo effect

A

How much light is reflected back from a surface. A surface with high albedo means a lot of light is reflected (light surfaces) while low albedo mean that light is absorbed and then re admitted as thermal energy (dark surfaces)

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25
Q

What is acid deposition

A

Acid deposition includes both dry and wet deposition with a ph less then 5.6

Wet deposition is reacting with water in the atmosphere to form rain,snow or hail

Dry deposition is transported by wind

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26
Q

Algal blooms

A

An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the density of algae in an aquatic system.

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27
Q

Why water is important

A
  1. major component of living organisms
  2. high specific heat capacity
  3. Important for chemical reactions
  4. Universal solvent
  5. Capillary action
28
Q

Biotic

A

Living organisms ex: animals,bacteria, fungi,plants

29
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living ex: temperature,light,air,water,soil

30
Q

Primary consumer

A

The organisms that eat the producers

31
Q

Secondary consumer

A

Organism that receive their energy from primary consumers

32
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close and permanent relationship between two different species

33
Q

Fossils

A

Paleontology,the study of fossils has led to significant discoveries supporting the theory of evolution.

More the 5% of fossil species have been discovered, however scientists think this is only a fraction of what has lived on earth.

Fossils are formed in different ways

34
Q

What can fossils tell us

A
  • provides clues about how and when new species appeared, evolved, and became extinct

-look at similarities and differences in anatomy

-shows us that life is old and has changed a lot over time

35
Q

Endemic species

A

A endemic species is species that are closely related tend to have a lot of structure similarities

36
Q

Homologous features

A

Features with similar structure but different functions

37
Q

Analogous features

A

Features that are similar in function but do not have the same evolutionary history

38
Q

Vestigial features

A

Features that no longer seem to have a purpose in the current form of the organism

39
Q

Gradualism

A

Gradualism is the idea that individuals change slowly over long periods of time

40
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Punctuated equilibrium is the idea that sometimes species may change a lot quickly and then not change for a while

41
Q

Darwins theory

A

Species keep evolving/changing over time

42
Q

Lamarcks theory

A

Lamarck’s theory says that traits an organism develops during its life can be passed to its offspring.

43
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

44
Q

Denitrification

A

Excess nitrates in the soil are
converted back into atmospheric
nitrogen by a different set of
bacteria.

45
Q

Mutation

A

A random change of one of the amino acids

-if the mutation is beneficial to an organism,it will be passed down to the next generation and evolution will continue to take its course

-if the mutation is harmful to the organism, it will not be passed down to the next generation and because of that it will not help the organism evolve

  • if the mutation is neutral to an organism, then it may or no have an effect on the evolution of the organism
46
Q

Environmental factors that may cause mutations

A

•climate
•poaching

47
Q

Darwin’s theory of natural selection

A

Darwin’s theory of natural selection It explains how species evolve over time through a process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

48
Q

Biosphere

A

This is the whole Earth where life exists, including all the plants, animals, and their environments.

49
Q

Biosphere

A

This is the whole Earth where life exists, including all the plants, animals, and their environments.

50
Q

Community

A

The combination of multiple populations of species residing in a specific location.

51
Q

Population

A

A group of one species that occupies a specific geographic location

52
Q

Closed population

A

Does not allow for movement of organisms between populations.

53
Q

Open population

A

allows for the movement of organisms between
populations.

54
Q

Interspecific

A

When individuals from different species are competing for the same resource

55
Q

Intraspecific

A

Members of the same species compete for the same resource

56
Q

Over production

A

More offspring are produced than can live

57
Q

Struggle for existence

A

Limited resources not enough for all

58
Q

Variation

A

Within the species there will be variations (size,color)

59
Q

Survival of the fittest

A

To live long enough to reproduce

60
Q

Origin of a new species

A

Ex: long neck giraffes

61
Q

Abiotic and biotic factors that can affect population

A

Promote growth

Biotic: lots of food, stable number of predators, vegetation

Abiotic: lot of clean water, adequate sunlight, adequate weather

Limit growth

Biotic: no/low food, no/low vegetation, competition

Abiotic: low/no water, bad/not adequate weather, not enough sunlight, no shelter

62
Q

The process of natural selection

A

1.over production

2.struggle for existence

3.variation

4.survival of the fittest

  1. Origin of a new species
63
Q

Order of nitrogen cycle

A
  1. nitrogen fixation
  2. nitrogen assimilation
  3. ammonification
  4. nitrification
  5. denitrification
64
Q

Assimilation

A

Animals eat the plants to get nitrogen

(Plants absorb NO3)

65
Q

Atmospheric

A

Pathway lightning N2-NO3

66
Q

Decomposition

A

Dead organisms and animal waste

67
Q

Population distributions

A

Clumped: resources are not distributed equally

Random: no particular pattern

Uniform: limited resources avoiding competition

Science 20 (2 decks)

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