Science 2

Question 1

How long ago did life on Earth evolve?

Answer 1

3.5 billion years ago

Question 2

What does evolution mean for life on Earth?

Answer 2

It means all life on Earth is related and shares a common ancestor.

Question 3

What is evolution fueled by?

Answer 3

Genetic mutations

Question 4

True or false? Individuals themselves can evolve.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Organisms have the ability to __, __, and __ energy

Answer 5

capture, store, and transmit

Question 6

How many chemical elements is Earth composed of?

Answer 6

23 of the 107 known chemical elements

Question 7

What four chemical elements make up 99% of the mass of living organisms?

Answer 7

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 8

What do scientists think protocells developed into?

Answer 8

Single-celled bacteria-like organisms

Question 9

Where do scientists think life on Earth originated from?

Answer 9

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Question 10

The basic unit of life is ___?

Answer 10

Cell

Question 11

List the 4 main categories of macromolecules

Answer 11

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 12

What are viruses most known for?

Answer 12

Causing diseases in humans; they can also infect and destroy bacteria and unicellular algae in the ocean in the process of reproduction

Question 13

What do viruses span?

Answer 13

The living and nonliving

Question 14

Are viruses living or nonliving?

Answer 14

Biologists are not in agreement that viruses are alive

Question 15

In what shapes do bacteria come?

Answer 15

Spheres, spirals, rods, and rings

Question 16

Where is decay bacteria common in and what does it do?

Answer 16

In detritus, breaks down waste products as well as dead organic matter and releases nutrients back into the environment

Question 17

What does archaea look like and where was it first discovered?

Answer 17

They can be spherical, spiral, or rod-shaped; first discovered in extreme temperatures (e.g. hot sulfur springs)

Question 18

What is seaweed and where does it thrive?

Answer 18

Multicellular algae; shallow, cold nutrient-rich temperature

Question 19

How is it divided?

Answer 19

In colors: red, brown, green

Question 20

How does it affect the economy?

Answer 20

It is widely used for products, ranging from foods to cosmetics

Question 21

What are autotrophs?

Answer 21

Organisms that can nourish themselves from inorganic sources using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Question 22

What is taxonomy?

Answer 22

The study of biological classification.

Question 23

What are the three classifications of organisms on Earth?

Answer 23

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.

Question 24

What are algae?

Answer 24

Freshwater photosynthetic organisms

Question 25

What is plankton?

Answer 25

Pelagic organisms that live suspended in seawater

Question 26

Are plankton animals or plants?

Answer 26

They can be both

Question 27

What are invertebrates

Answer 27

Animals without a backbone

Question 28

What are vertebrates?

Answer 28

Animals with a backbone

Question 29

How many multicellular animals are invertebrates?

Answer 29

More than 97 percent