Science Flashcards
What is the name of the female sex cell in humans?
Egg cells
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the two types of alleles?
Dominant and recessive
What is a Phenotype?
The observable characteristics of an organism
What is a Genotype?
The genetic makeup or combination of alleles
What is a Homozygous Allele?
When both alleles match
What can be used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes?
A Punnett Square
What is a mutation?
An error in the DNA sequence.
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype refers to observable traits, while genotype refers to the genetic makeup.
What is the general rule for alleles in hair and eye colour?
Darker colours are often more dominant
What is the role of chromosomes in genetics?
They carry genes
True or False: All mutations are harmful.
False
True or False: Genetic variation is important for the survival of a species.
True
Fill in the blank: The segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a __________.
Gene
What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes, while sex chromosomes determine an individual’s sex.
What is genetic engineering?
The manipulation of an organism’s DNA to achieve desired traits.
True or False: Cloning produces genetically identical organisms.
True
What does the term ‘allele’ refer to?
Different forms of a gene.
True or False: The environment can influence the expression of genes.
True
What is the function of a cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of a nucleus of a cell?
The nucleus contains DNA (chromosomes)
What is a Heterozygous Allele?
When the alleles don’t match
What is the effect of increasing concentration on the rate of a chemical reaction?
Increasing concentration increases the rate of reaction
Are catalysts consumed in a chemical reaction?
No
What is the rate of reaction?
It is the speed of a chemical reaction
How do catalysts speed up chemical reactions?
They provide an alternate pathway with a lower activation energy
How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing surface area increases the rate of reaction because more reactant particles are exposed to the acid and there are more frequent collisions
What is the relationship between temperature and rate of reaction?
Higher temperatures generally increase the rate of reaction.
What happens to the rate of reaction when the temperature is decreased?
The rate of reaction typically decreases.
What is the term for the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur?
Activation energy
True or False: Increasing the temperature always leads to an increase in the rate of reaction.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ of a solid reactant can be increased by grinding it into a powder.
surface area
Describe the effect of concentration on the frequency of collisions between reactant particles.
Higher concentration increases the frequency of collisions.
What is a Catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed in the process
Control Variable
A variable that is kept the same
Independent Variable
The variable that is changed to see its effect
Dependent Variable
The variable that is measured and used for results
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or set of proteins.
True or False: Alleles are different versions of the same gene.
True
Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a gene is known as its __________.
phenotype
Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype? A) Aa B) AA C) Ab
B) AA
What do we call the alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation?
Alleles
