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Year 9 Revision > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the female sex cell in humans?

A

Egg cells

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2
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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3
Q

What are the two types of alleles?

A

Dominant and recessive

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4
Q

What is a Phenotype?

A

The observable characteristics of an organism

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5
Q

What is a Genotype?

A

The genetic makeup or combination of alleles

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6
Q

What is a Homozygous Allele?

A

When both alleles match

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7
Q

What can be used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes?

A

A Punnett Square

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8
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the DNA sequence.

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9
Q

What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?

A

Phenotype refers to observable traits, while genotype refers to the genetic makeup.

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10
Q

What is the general rule for alleles in hair and eye colour?

A

Darker colours are often more dominant

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11
Q

What is the role of chromosomes in genetics?

A

They carry genes

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12
Q

True or False: All mutations are harmful.

A

False

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13
Q

True or False: Genetic variation is important for the survival of a species.

A

True

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a __________.

A

Gene

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15
Q

What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

A

Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes, while sex chromosomes determine an individual’s sex.

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16
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

The manipulation of an organism’s DNA to achieve desired traits.

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17
Q

True or False: Cloning produces genetically identical organisms.

A

True

18
Q

What does the term ‘allele’ refer to?

A

Different forms of a gene.

19
Q

True or False: The environment can influence the expression of genes.

A

True

20
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls what enters and lesves the cell

21
Q

What is the function of a nucleus of a cell?

A

The nucleus contains DNA (chromosomes)

22
Q

What is a Heterozygous Allele?

A

When the alleles don’t match

23
Q

What is the effect of increasing concentration on the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Increasing concentration increases the rate of reaction

24
Q

Are catalysts are consumed in a chemical reaction?

A

No

25
Q

What is the rate of reaction?

A

It is the speed of a chemical reaction

26
Q

How do catalysts speed up chemical reactions?

A

They provide an alternate pathway with a lower activation energy

27
Q

How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?

A

Increasing surface area increases the rate of reaction because more reactant particles are exposed to the acid and there are more frequent collisions

28
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and rate of reaction?

A

Higher temperatures generally increase the rate of reaction.

29
Q

What happens to the rate of reaction when the temperature is decreased?

A

The rate of reaction typically decreases.

30
Q

What is the term for the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur?

A

Activation energy

31
Q

True or False: Increasing the temperature always leads to an increase in the rate of reaction.

A

True

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ of a solid reactant can be increased by grinding it into a powder.

A

surface area

33
Q

Describe the effect of concentration on the frequency of collisions between reactant particles.

A

Higher concentration increases the frequency of collisions.

34
Q

What is a Catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed in the process

35
Q

Control Variable

A

A variable that is kept the same

36
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that is changed to see its effect

37
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is measured and used for results

38
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or set of proteins.

39
Q

True or False: Alleles are different versions of the same gene.

A

True

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a gene is known as its __________.

A

phenotype

41
Q

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype? A) Aa B) AA C) Ab

A

B) AA

42
Q

What do we call the alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation?

A

Alleles

Year 9 Revision (8 decks)

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