SCIENCE Flashcards
SCIENCE
AMOCTOSO
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
study of cell
cytology
do not contain nucleus
ex. bacteria and archaebacteria
prokaryotic cells
contain a true nucleus
ex. protist, fungi. plant and animal
Eukaryotic cell
hair-like
cilia
tail
flagellum
discovered CELL from cork made from bark of an oak tree
coined the term CELLULAE meaning small room
Robert Hooke
discovered the CELLS NUCLEUS
ROBERT BROWN
not living, inert chemicals
VIRUS
protein shell that protects the virus
CAPSID
classification and naming of organisms
TAXONOMY
8 LEVELS OF TEXONOMY
Dear King Philip Come Over For a Good Spaghetti
Pinakaleast - Species
Pinakadako - Domain
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Organ
Family
Genus
Species
Father of Modern Taxonomy
Proposed the Binomial Nomenclature
Coined Homosapiens
Carolus Linnaeus
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
(lived in severe environments)
Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermopiles)
Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria (Monera)
“Bacteria Group: Streptocucos” vibro coma shape
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
ex. Diatoms, Algae, entamoeba. histolytica, plasmodium (Malaria)
-
Kingdom Fungi
ex. molds. mushroom, yeasts, microsporidia
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
have stinging cells
Cnidaria -
ex. jelly fish
KINGDOM ANEMALIA
jointed legs; segmented bodies
Arthropoda
ex.
Insects - mosquito
Crustaceans - crab, shrimps, lobster
Arachnid - spider
Centipede
Milipede
KINGDOM ANEMALIA
insects shed off their old cuticle to grow in size
MOLTING OR ECDYSIS
KINGDOM ANEMALIA
roundworms; unsegmented
Nematoda
ex. pin, ascarids, book, filarial worms
KINGDOM ANEMALIA
flatworms; have soft tissues; unsegmented
Platyhelminthes
flukes, tapes worms, planaria
KINGDOM ANEMALIA
segmented worms
AMNELIDA ex. leech, earthworms
hermaproditic
earthworms has both male and female reproductive organs
KINGDOM ANEMALIA
with soft bodies usually with shells
ECHINODERMATA
squids, clams, snails, and octopi
CHORDATA
FISH
AMPHIBIANS - Live in water and land
ex. frog and salamander
REPTILES - has scaly bodies:
ex. crocodile, snake, turtle
BIRDS - 2 scaly legs, wings and feathers
ex. penguin, ostrich
MAMMALS - mammary glands, hairs, milk
ex. human, plstypus, marsupial
LIVE IN ARCTIC WITH IVORY TUSKS
WALRUS
can create their own food
AUTOTROPIC
can’t create own food
HETEROTROPES
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Non-vascular - don’t have tissues to transport water and food
Vascular - those have transport system
study of plants
Botany
VASCULAR PLANTS CAN BE
Seedless vascular
Seed Vascular
-ANGIOSPERM
-GYMNOSPERM
Conducts most of the WATER and MINERALS
XYLEM
Distributes SUGAR
PHLOEM
Seedless vascular plant
FERN
Flowering plants; bears fruit to protect the seed
ANGIOSPERM
Cone bearing plants
naked seeds
seeds not enclosed by fruit
Conifiers
GYMNOSPERM
Reproductive organ of flowering plant
FLOWER
transfer of pollen grans from anther to the stigma
POLLINATION
from one plant to another
CROSS POLLINATION
pollination from same flower or plant
SELF-POLLINATION
PARTS OF MALE FLOWER
Clue: AFP
Anther
Filament
Pollen grains
PARTS OF FEMALE FLOWER
Clue: SOSO
Stigma
Ovary
Style
Ovule
called CALYX which protects the flower bud before it opens
SEPALS
called COROLLA often attract a particular pollinator
PETALS
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Horizontal stem also known as STOLON
RUNNERS
ex. bamboo, strawberry, bermuda grass
Underground stems that store food foe the plant, the EYES are the stem nodes
TUBERS
ex. Potato
grow horizontal underground stem from PLANT TO PLANT
RHIZOMES
ex. Ginger
Shortened, compressed UNDERGROUND STEMS
BULB
ex. Onion, Garlic
UNDERGROUND STEMS
CORMS
UNDERGROUND ROOTS
carrots, sweet potato, cassava
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISM
OUTGROWTH
ex. yeast, hydra
BUDDING
Separated pieces of the PARENT ORGANISM CAN DEVELOP INTO AN INDIVIDUAL
ex. sea stars, flatworms
FRAGMENTATION
SPLITTING ITSELF INTO TWO TO REPRODUCE
ex. Bacteria
BINARY FISSION
chewing food in the mouth
Physical digestion
(Mechanical)
breakdown of large food molecules by enzymes
Chemical Digestion
Throat
PHARYNX
passes food from your throat to stomach
ESOPHAGUS
mixed of food and gastric juices
CHYME
final place of digestion
SMALL INTESTINE
where waste material were not digested
water absorption, production of Vitamin K, ends in rectum
LARGE INTESTINE
passage way in defecation
ANUS
Largest Internal Organ in the body
LIVER
creates bile
LIVER
Stores the bile
GALL BLADDER
secretes enzymes for digestion of food
PANCREAS
transport blood to other parts of the body
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
pumps blood
HEART
Bring blood back to the heart
VEINS
Brings blood away from the heart
ARTERY
Contains of blood cells
BLOOD
RBC is RED because of
HEMOGLOBIN
fight infection and diseases
WBC
Stops blood especially when wounded
PLATELETS
liquid part of the blood
PLASMA
PROTEIN found in plasma responsible for blood clotting
FIBRINOGEN
vitamin need for blood clotting
VITAMIN K
mineral needed for blood clotting
CALCIUM
vitamin needed for RBC Production
VITAMIN B12
supplies body with oxygen and release CO2 waste
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
warms and moisten air; traps dirt
NOSE
passageway for both air and food
PHARYNX
prevents the entrance of food to trachea (para dli matuk an)
EPIGLOTTIS
voice box
vocal cord is found
adam’s apple for men
LARYNX
windpipe (dinadaanan ng hangin)
TRACHEA
the main organ of respiratory system
LUNGS
regulates body and maintains homeostasis through hormones
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
release insulin
PANCREAS
union of sex cells (gametes) or union of sperm and egg (ovum)
forming ZYGOTE
FERTILIZATION
sperm and ovum meet inside the TEST TUBE
IN VIRTRO FERTILIZATION
sperm and ovum meet INSIDE THE BODY
IN VIVO FERTILIZATION
controls sensory and motor functions
NERVOUS SYSTEM
the central nervous system
SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN
the basic unit of nervous system
NEURONS
BRAIN PARTS:
voluntary activities, largest part of the brain, intelligences, learning, judgement
CEREBRUM
BRAIN PART:
involuntary, balance, and coordination called the LITTLE BRAIN
CEREBELLUM
BRAIN PART:
connects brain and spinal cord, involuntary, life sustaining activities: Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing
MIDBRAIN
PONS
BRAINSTEM
responsible for BREATHING
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
protects and supports body parts
(structure/framework of the body posture)
blood cell production on bone marrows
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS STORAGE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
how many bones in adults
206
how many bones in new born
270 to 300
moves limbs and other parts of the body.
moves substances through the body
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
Involuntary (can be found in STOMACH and INTESTINE)
SMOOTH MUSCLE
TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
Involuntary (can only be found in HEART)
CARDIAC MUSCLE
TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
Voluntary (Can be found in our LIMBS)
SKELETAL MUSCLE
a system that removes metabolic waste from the body
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
main excretory organ; produces urine and filter blood
KIDNEY
is the movement of water across the cell membrane
OSMOSIS
SWELL, BURST, LYSED
WATER COMES INSIDE THE CELL
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
NO NET MOVEMENT
ISOTONIC MOVEMENT
SHRINK, SHIVEL, DEHYDRATED
WATER GOES OUTSIDE THE CELL
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
Body covering, protects from UV rays
ex. Nail, hair and Skin
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
The largest organ in human body
SKIN
Study of ecosystem
ECOLOGY
PRODUCERS ARE
AUTOTROPHS (CAN PRODUCE FOOD)
BIOTIC
LIVING THINGS
ABIOTIC
NON-LIVING THINGS
SCAVENGERS
FEED ON DECAYING AND NECROTIC MATTER. PATAY ANG KINAKAIN
CONSUMERS
HETEROTHROPS (OBTAIN FOOD FROM ANOTHER ORGANISMS)
DECOMPOSERS
SAPROPHYTES
ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
COMPETITION
PREDATION
SYMBIOSIS
MUTUALISM
PARASITISM
COMMENSALISM
STUDY OF GENES AND HEREDITY
GENETICS
FATHER OF GENETICS
GREGOR MENDEL
PHYSICAL APPERANCE OF AN ORGANISM
PHENOTYPE
GENES OF A SPECIFIC CHARACTER
GENOTYPE
HOMOZYGOUS
TT, tt, HH
HETEROZYGOUS
Hh,Tt
DOMINANT GENE IS WORKING GENE
TT, HH, tt,hh
RECESSIVE GENE IS NON WORKING GENE
Tt,Hh
SIMILAR STRUCTURE, DIFFERENT FUNCTION
HOMOLOGOUS
SIMILAR FUNCTION, DIFFERENT STRUCTURE
ANALOGOUS
MODIFICATION OD BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
BIOTECHNOLOGY
USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO SOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
BIOREMEDIATION
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM
CHANGING NORMAL TO ABNORMAL
STUDY OF EVERYTHING IN UNIVERSE
ASTRONOMY
all planets revolve around the sun in the same direction
REVOLVE EASTWARD/ FROM WEST TO EAST/ COUNTERCLOCKWISE
REVOLUTION
Some planets rotate in the same direction.
Rotates eastward from west to east/ counterclockwise
except Venus and Uranus
ROTATION
1 REVOLUTION IS
365 DAYS
1 ROTATION IS
24 HRS/1 DAY
SHAPE PF THE EARTH’S ORBIT IS
ELLIPTICAL
TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
MADE OUT OF ROCKS
NEAREST PLANET TO THE SUN AND FASTEST REVOLVING/ORBITING PLANET
MERCURY
BRIGHTEST PLANET, HOTTEST PLANET, EARTH’S CLOSEST NEIGHBORING PLANET
VENUS
ONLY PLANET WITH LIFE, SHAPE IS OBLATE SPHEROID
EARTH
RED PLANET
TWO SMALL MOONS: PHOBOS AND DEIMOS
MARS
ASTEROID BELT
BETWEEN MARS AND JUPITER
LARGEST PLANET
92 MOONS
4 GALILIEAN MOONS: IO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE, CALLISTO
C - ALLISTO
I - O
G - ANYMEDE
E - UROPA
JUPITER
HAS SPECTACULAR RINGS MADE OF ICE, ROCKS, DUSTS
HAS 83 MOONS
LARGEST MOON: TITAN
SATURN
ICE GIANTS
URANUS AND NEPTUNE
DWARF PLANET FOUND IN KUIPER BELT
5 MOONS: CHARON, NIX, HYDRA, KERBEROS, STYX
KSCHN
KERBEROS
STYX
CHARON
HYDRA
NIX
PLUTO
EARTH’S SHADOW FALL ON THE MOON
S-E-M
LUNAR ECLIPSE
MOON’S SHADOW FALL ON EARTH
S-M-E
SOLAR ECLIPSE
SPRING TIDE
HIGHEST AND LOWEST TIDE
LOWER HIGH TIDES AND HIGHER LOW TIDES
NEAP TIDE
MOON CLOSEST TO EARTH
PERIGEE
MOON FARTHEST TO THE EARTH
APOGEE
FIRST SUCCESSFUL MANNED MISSION TO THE MOON
APOLLO 11
FIRST MEN ON MOON
NEIL ARMSTRONG AND BUZZ ALDRIN
A MEDIUM SIZE STAR THAT HAS A WHITE COLOR
SUN
SUN CLOSEST TO THE EARTH
PALAPIT
PERIHELION
SUN FARTHEST FROM THE EARTH
APHELION
SMALL DEBRIS CHIPPED OFF FROM ASTERIOD
METEOROID
WHEN IT ENTERS THE ATMOSPHERE
METEOR
WHEN IT HITS THE LAND
METEORITE
SMALL BODY OF ROCK, IRON, ICE, METHANE, AMMONIA, CO2 THAT ORBIT THE SUN
TAILPOINTS AWAY FROM THE SUN
HALLEY’S COMMET APPEARS EVERY 76 YEARS, 1986 LAST SEEN
COMETS
A BALL OF HYDROGEN AND HELIUM
STAR
HOTTEST STAR
BLUE
COOLEST STAR
RED
GROUP OF STARS FORMING RECOGNIZABLE PATTERN
CONSTELLATION
NEAREST STAR
PROXIMA CENTAURI
BRIGHTEST STAR
SIRIUS
POLARIS OF THE URSA MINOR
(LITTLE BEAR)
NORTHERN STAR
LARGEST KNOWN STAR
STEPHENSON 2-18
APPEARANCE OF FIRST DINOSAURS AND MAMMALS
TRIASSIC PERIOD
AGE OF DINOSAUR
JURASSIC PERIOD
EARTH’S SURFACE, OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE EARTH
CRUST
THINNER LAYER OF THE EARTH’S CRUST “DENSER”
OCEANIC CRUST
THICKER LAYER OF THE EARTH’S CRUST “THICKER”
CONTINENTS
ROCKY, MADE UP OF Si,O,Fe
(Silicon, Oxygen)
MANTLE
CRUST + UPPER MANTLE
LITHOSPHERE
INNERMOST CENTRAL PART OF THE EARTH
THE LIQUID OUTER CORE PRIMARILY MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL
THE INNER CORE IS PRIMARILY MADE UP OF IRON AND IS SOLID
CORE
SUPER CONTINENT
JIGSAW-LIKE SHAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA AND AFRICA
PANGEA
ANY MOVEMENT OF THE GROUND DUE TO VOLCANIC ERUPTION OR TECTONIC PLATE MOVEMENT
EARTHQUAKE
OH SHOCKS
FORESHOCKS-MAINSHOCK-AFTERSHOCK
POINT OF ORIGIN
FOCUS
PLACE ABOVE THE FOCUS
EPICENTER
ENERGY RELEASED
MAGNITUDE
MAGNITUDE MEASUREMENT
RICHTER SCALE BY CHARLES RICHTER
DAMAGED PRODUCED OR THE REACTION OF PEOPLE
INTENSITY BY MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE
NATURALLY OCCURING INORGANIC CRYSTALLINE COMPOSED OF AN ORDERED ARRANGEMENT OF ATOM
MINERAL
MOH’S SCALE OF HARDNESS
TALC
GYPSUM
CALCITE
FLOURITE
APATITE
ORTHOCLASE
QUARTZ
TOPAZ
CORUNDUM
DIAMOND
THE LIGHT AND HARD?
SI TG GI C FA.. O Q TE CD
TALC AND DIAMOND
FORMED FROM HARDENED MAGMA OR LAVA
IGNEOUS ROCK
FORMED BY THE LAYERS OF SEDIMENTS
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
ROCKS SUBJECTS TO HEAT AND PRESSURE
METAMORPHORIC ROCK
BREAKING OF ROCKS
WEATHERING
REMOVAL OF SOLID DUE TO TRANSPORT BY WIND AND WATER
EROSION
75% OF THE EARTH IS COMPOSE OF WATER
HYDROSPHERE
FIVE OCEANS:
PAISA
PACIFIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
INDIAN OCEAN
SOUTHERN OCEAN (ANTARCTIC)
ARCTIC OCEAN
STUDY OF ATMOSPHERE
METEOROLOGY
THIS IS THE WEATHER AREA
TROPOSPHERE
OZONE LAYER IS FOUND
AIRPLANE MODE
OZONE LAYER PROTECTS FROM UV RAYS
CHLOROFLOUROCARBONS DESTROYS OZONE LAYER
HYDROFLOUROCARBONS AS AN ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL
STRATOSPHERE
COLDEST LAYER OF ATMOSTPHER. METEOR BURNT UP HERE
MESOSPHERE MIDDLE LAYER
HOTTEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
AURORAS ARE OBSERVED HERE
THERMOSPHERE
OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE
THE EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD, PROTECTS EARTH FROM DANGEROUS CHARGED PARTICLES (SPLAR FLARES AND SOLAR WINDS)
MAGNETOSPHERE
TYPHOON
PACIFIC OCEAN
CYCLONE
INDIAN OCEAN
HURRICANE
ATLANTIC OCEAN
MADE UP OF WATER AND ARE CLASSIFIED ON THEIR SHAPE AND ALTITUDE
CLOUDS
CLOUDS THAT BRINGS THUNDERSTORMS
CUMULONIMBUS
NORTHEAST MOONSOON (SEPTEMBER TO JUNE)
AMIHAN
SOUTHWEST MOONSOON
(JULY TO AUGUST)
HABAGAT
HANGING SILANGAN, FROM PACIFIC OCEAN
EASTERLIES
CAUSED BY Nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide
ACID RAIN
protection of earth like blanket
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
accumulation of CO2 and other gases which causes the trapping of heat from the sun
THERMAL BLANKET
increase of CO2 resulted in the rapid increase in temperature
GLOBAL WARMING
easily identified through pipelines
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
cant be identified as there are many source
NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Algae bloom because of high nutrients in the water causes diminished of water/sea harvest
EUTROPHICATION
building blocks of matter
ATOM
does not occupy space and have no mass
NON-MATTER
anything that occupy space and have mass
MATTER
made up of all the same type of atom or all the same molecules
PURE SUBSTANCE
made up of one type of atom
cannot be broken down by chemical into simple substances
ELEMENTS
118th element
oganesson
good conductors of heat and electricity
METALS
poor conductor of heat and electricity
NON-METALS
have both properties of metal and non-metal
METALLOIDS
combination of two or more types of atom, can be broken down
COMPOUNDS
made up of two atoms hydrogen and oxygen
WATER
organic compound by HYDROXYL BONDED TO AN ALKYL GROUP
ALCOHOL
combination of elements
CHEMICAL BONDING
bonding of two or more non-metals
COVALENT BONDS
bonding between metals and non-metals two or more non-metals
IONIC BONDS
different substances that have been combined without chemical bonding taking place just a physical combination
MIXTURE
mixture that has single phase
HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE
Salt + water
visually distinguished mixture visible ang changes sa mixture
HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
particles that do not settle
COLLOIDS
larger particles that settle
SUSPENSION
has definite shape or volume
SOLID
has definite volume but no shape
LIQUID
does not have definite volume or shape
GAS
very hot gas
PLASMA
super cold at absolute zero temperature
BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensate)
chemical composition remains the same
Friend MEDCS
walay magbag o
tearing of paper papel ragihapon siya opcors! pero atong feelings dapat bag ohon opcors! who u sila saako!
PHYSICAL CHANGE
FREEZING - liquid to solid
MELTING - solid to liquid
EVAPORATION - liquid to gas
DEPOSITION - gas to solid
CONDENSATION - gas to liquid
SUBLIMATION - solid to gas
chemical reaction has taken place
CHEMICAL CHANGE
two or more simple substances form a single product
SYNTHESIS
A+B AB
a single reactant is broken down into two or more products
NAMIKIL KA? MA TOP NOTCHER LANG KO KANING SINGLE NGA GI BROKEN DOWN NILA WHO U SILAAA!!!!! E DECOMPOSE NA NAKO AKO FEELINGS!!!
DECOMPOSITION
AB A+B
a more active element replaces less active element in compound
NO!!! DAPAT MAHIMO KONG ACTIVE NOW DILI TA PALUPIG!!
E SUBSTITUTE NAKO AKO FEELINGS OVER REVIEW!
SUBSTITUTION
AB+C AC+B
Interchange of two parts of two substances to form two new substances
DOUBLE DECOMPOSITION
AB+CD AD+CB
needs energy
I NEED THIS! MAG TOP KOOOO!! ENERGY PARA WHO U SILA! DILI MAGPA LUYA LUYA CHING
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION
AB+ ENERGY A+B
A+B+ENERGY AB
releases energy
WHOO E RELEASE ANG KASAKIT!!
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
AB A +B + ENERGY
A+B AB + ENERGY
ACID HAVE PH VALUE OF
BELOW 7
BASES HAVE PH VALUE OF ABOVE 7
ABOVE 7
PH VALUE IS NEUTRAL
7
STUDY OF MATTER AND ENERGY AND THEIR REATIONSHIP
PHYSICS
QUANTITY OF MATTER CAN BE MEASURED IN KG
MASS
THE PULL OF GRAVITY; CAN BE MEASURE IN (NEWTON)
WEIGHT
CONTINOUS CHANGE IN POSITION
MOTION
FIRST LAW: EVERY OBJECT CONTINUES IN ITS STATE OF REST UNLESS ACTED UPON BY UNBALANCED EXTERNAL FORCES IMPRESSED UPON
LAW AT REST
LAW OF INERTIA
SECOND LAW: WHEN ENOUGH FORCE IS APPLIED, THE OBJECT WILL ACCELERATE
LAW OF ACCELERATION
THIRD LAW: TO EVERY ACTION THERE IS ALWAYS AND OPPOSITE EQUAL EACTION
LAW OF INTERACTION
CAPACITY TO DO WORK
CAPACITY NGA MAG TOP KO
ENERGY
ENERGY AT REST
NAA KOY POTENTIAL MAG TOP BECAUSE I’M RESTING IN MY GOD’S PROMISES FOR ME!
POTENTIAL ENERGY
ENERGY IN MOTION
FAITH WITH ACTION! MAG TOTOP
KINETIC ENERGY
CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED. IT IS ONLY TRANSFORMED INTO ANOTHER FORM OF ENERGY
MY FAITH IS INDESTRUCTIBLE, NASAKITAN KO EMOTIONALLY YET THIS ONLY TRANSFORMS ME! MAG TOTOP! GI CONSERVE RAKO NI LORD! AKO HEART GI CONSERVE
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
STUDY OF HEAT
MAGKALAYO PADAYON AKO FAITH KAY LORD! MAGDILAAB!
THERMODYNAMICS
DIRECT AMO CONTACT NI LORD MAONG NAGA DILAAB KO! ANG RESULTA MA CONSERVE KO
CONSERVATION
SA WHISPHER NI LORD GINA CONVICT KO, HOLY SPIRIT IT IS ALWAYS YOU! SA AIR UG WATER MY LIVING GOD, NAAY CONVICTION
CONVICTION
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH RAYS OR WAVES
RADIATION
LIGHT TRAVELS FASTER IN
VACUUM OR AIR
LIGHT’S SPEED
3.0X10 TO THE POWER OF 8 M/S
NGANUNG NAAY SKY BECAUSE OF THIS BLUE AND VIOLET
NGANUNG NAAY SUNSET BECAUSE OF THIS RED LIGHT
-
ROYGBIV
RED AND ORANGE- LONGEST WAVELENGTH/ LOWEST FREQUENCY
BLUE AND V - SHORTEST WAVELENGTH/ HIGH FREQUENCY
Y - LIGHTER
SCATTERING
SEPARATION OF WHITE LIGHT BY A PRISM
DISPERSION
EX. JELOUSY WINDOW. SA AKONG PAG SELOS SI LORD AS LIGHT NAGA INTERVENE. GINA OBSTRUCT KO NIYA, CHING PAG MATA! YOU’RE NOT MADE TO DIFFRACT!
DIFFRACTION
OVERLAPPING OF WAVELENGTHS
EX. BUBBLE, OIL SPILL
PAG MO INTERFERE SI LORD MAG OVERLAP GYUD ANG GLORY
INTERFERENCE
I AM A BOUNCE OF GOD’S GRACE
REFLECTION
PAG NAG CHANGE KAG DIRECTION MAWALA KA KAY LORD SIGURADO MA FRACTS GYUD KA!
REFRACTION
A MECHANICAL WAVE
SOUND
SOUND TRAVELS FAST IN
SOLID/ CAN’T TRAVEL IN VACUUM
IS THE INTELLECTUAL AND PRACTICAL ACTIVITY ENCOMPASSING THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PHYSICAL AND NATURAL WORLD
SCIENCE
INTENSIFY SCIENCE AND TEACHNOLOGY TO FORSTER INVENTION TO PROVIDE FUNDS
PARA MAKA INVENT KA KAYLANGAN KA ANI NGA AMOUNT
R.A 2067
EXTENDING TAX EXEMPTION, PRIVILEGES AND GRANTS, REQUESTS AND DONATIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES AMENDING R.A 2067
R.A 3589
PILA ANG WORTH SA DAMAGE SA NUCLEAR UG ATOMIC?
R.A 5207
PAG-ASA
P.D NO. 49 S. 1972
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL OIL COMPANY
P.D 334 S. 1973
THE PHIL. CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999
R.A 8749
ELECTRONIC COMMERCIAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONNS AND DOCUMENTS
R.A 8792
RENEWABLE ACT OF 2008
R.A 9513
PHIL. CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012
R.A 10175
TEACHING OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS NGA NAAY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
R.A. 10612
DICT ACT
R.A. 10844
IS ACTUATED MECHANISM PROGRAMMABLE WITH DEGREE OF AUTONOMY MOVING WITHIN ITS ENVIRONMENT TO PRFORM INTENDED TASK
ROBOT
ROBOT THAT PERFORMS USEFUL TASKS FOR HUMANS OR EQUIOMENT EXCLUDING INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION APPLICATION
SERVICE ROBOT
SERVICE ROBOT FOR PERSONAL USE FOR NON-COMMERCIAL TASK USUALLY BY LAYPERSONS
PERSONAL ROBOT
FATHER OF INFORMATION AGE
CLAUDE SHANNON
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MATERIAL IN NANOMETER
NANOSCIENCE
EVOKES THE NECESSITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF HUMANS TO RESPECT, PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE NATURAL WORLD FROM THE ABUSIVE OR WRONG OF HUMANS
ENVIRONMENTALISM
EXPLORE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENGAGE IN PROBLEM SOLVING TAKE ACTION TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT TO DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE, MAKE INFORMED AND RESPONSIBLE DECISIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
BRANCH OF BIOLOGY:
STUDY OF BODY PARTS AND THEIR LOCATION
ANATOMY
BRANCH OF BIOLOGY:
STUDY OF FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY PARTS
PHYSIOLOGY
BRANCH OF BIOLOGY:
STUDY OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS
BIOCHEMISTRY
BRANCH OF BIOLOGY:
STUDY OF MICRO ORGANISMS
MICROBIOLOGY
STUDY OF FUNGI
MYCOLOGY
STUDY OF ALGAE
PHYCOLOGY
STUDY OF PARASITES AND THEIR HOSTS
PARASITOLOGY
STUDY OF ANIMALS
ZOOLOGY
STUDY OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
ETHOLOGY
STUDY OF FISH
ICHTHYOLOGY
STUDY OF BIRDS
ORNITHOLOGY
STUDY OF INSECTS
ENTOMOLOGY
MOST ABUNDAT IN CELL AS CELL CONSISTS OF ENTIRELY CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
OXYGEN
OVERALL NUMBER OF KNOWN ELEMENTS
118
4 ELEMENTS CONSITUTR ABOUT 98% OF LIVING MATTER
CARBON (C)
HYDROGEN (H)
OXYGEN (O)
NITROGEN (N)
MACROMOLECULES
Cgeg PLN (sgeg plano way color2)
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
selective barrier (semipermeable)
control the passage of nutrients and waste
boundary between cell and externa environment
THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
Genetic library of the cell
contains most of the genes (DNA) in the eukaryotic (command center of the cell)
Largest organelle in animal cell
it contains nucleolus inside which synthesizes ribosomes
NUCLEUS
Cytosol
jelly like liquid
where organelles are located
compose of water, salts, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and other chemicals
CYTOPLASM
Protein factories in the cell
carry out protein synthesis
RIBOSOMES
type of ribosomes
produce proteins needed in the cytosol
FREE RIBOSOMES
proteins integrated in the membrane and for export outside the cell
BOUND RIBOSOMES
Biosynthetic factory
continuous in the nuclear envelope, folded membranes that serves as channels through which materials are transported in the cell
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Shipping and receiving center
packaging factories of the cell
manufacture, process and package certain macromolecules
GOLGI APPARATUS
chemical energy conversion
powerhouse of the cell
converts food molecules into energy through cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy from food
ATP means Adenosine Triphosphate: Energy currency of the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
digestive compartments (suicidal bag of the cell) - Garbage collector
membranous sac of strong hydrolytic enzymes
digest bacteria, other foreign substances, and worn out cell parts
LYSOSOMES
Capture of light energy
found in plants not in animals, sites of photosynthesis
CHLOROPLASTS
green pigment of chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
the entire process of capturing light energy to produce food (energy rich organic molecules from carbon dioxide)
needed material: Sunlight,
-Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide
- Waste product: Oxygen
- End Product: Sugar (glucose)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
located outside the cell membrane, protective layer of the cell
-Plant cell wall: made up of cellulose
-Bacterial cell wall: made up of peptidoglycan
-Fungal cell wall: made up of chitin
CELL WALL
are found in plants
hold reserves of important organic compounds and water
can take up to 30% - 90% of cell’s volume
CENTRAL VACUOLES
mechanical support, network of fibers
-Microfilament - Actin
- Intermediate Filament - Keratin
- Microtubules - (Tubulin)
CYTOSKELETON
Thinnest part of cytoskeleton
MICROFILAMENTS (ACTIN FILAMENTS)
POSTMORTERM CHANGES MEANS
DEATH
known as hypostasis
blood settles because of gravity
skin becomes pinkish, bluish, blotchy
LIVOR MOTIS
chemical changes causes muscle mass to become rigid
after rigor mortis chemical breakdown and muscles become flaccid
RIGOR MOTIS
Body cooling from normal internal temperature to the temperature of the environment
ALGOR MOTIS
