SCIENCE Flashcards by CHE-CHING DELA CRUZ, LPT

AMOCTOSO

Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

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study of cell

cytology

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do not contain nucleus
ex. bacteria and archaebacteria

prokaryotic cells

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contain a true nucleus
ex. protist, fungi. plant and animal

Eukaryotic cell

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hair-like

cilia

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tail

flagellum

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discovered CELL from cork made from bark of an oak tree
coined the term CELLULAE meaning small room

Robert Hooke

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discovered the CELLS NUCLEUS

ROBERT BROWN

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not living, inert chemicals

VIRUS

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protein shell that protects the virus

CAPSID

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classification and naming of organisms

TAXONOMY

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8 LEVELS OF TEXONOMY

Dear King Philip Come Over For a Good Spaghetti

Pinakaleast - Species
Pinakadako - Domain

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Organ
Family
Genus
Species

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Father of Modern Taxonomy
Proposed the Binomial Nomenclature
Coined Homosapiens

Carolus Linnaeus

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Domain Archaea

Kingdom Archaebacteria
(lived in severe environments)
Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermopiles)

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Domain Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria (Monera)
“Bacteria Group: Streptocucos” vibro coma shape

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Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Protista
ex. Diatoms, Algae, entamoeba. histolytica, plasmodium (Malaria)
-
Kingdom Fungi
ex. molds. mushroom, yeasts, microsporidia

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Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia

have stinging cells

Cnidaria -
ex. jelly fish

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KINGDOM ANEMALIA
jointed legs; segmented bodies

Arthropoda
ex.
Insects - mosquito
Crustaceans - crab, shrimps, lobster
Arachnid - spider
Centipede
Milipede

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KINGDOM ANEMALIA
insects shed off their old cuticle to grow in size

MOLTING OR ECDYSIS

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KINGDOM ANEMALIA
roundworms; unsegmented

Nematoda
ex. pin, ascarids, book, filarial worms

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KINGDOM ANEMALIA
flatworms; have soft tissues; unsegmented

Platyhelminthes
flukes, tapes worms, planaria

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KINGDOM ANEMALIA
segmented worms

AMNELIDA ex. leech, earthworms

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hermaproditic

earthworms has both male and female reproductive organs

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KINGDOM ANEMALIA
with soft bodies usually with shells

ECHINODERMATA
squids, clams, snails, and octopi

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CHORDATA

FISH AMPHIBIANS - Live in water and land ex. frog and salamander REPTILES - has scaly bodies: ex. crocodile, snake, turtle BIRDS - 2 scaly legs, wings and feathers ex. penguin, ostrich MAMMALS - mammary glands, hairs, milk ex. human, plstypus, marsupial

LIVE IN ARCTIC WITH IVORY TUSKS

WALRUS

can create their own food

AUTOTROPIC

can't create own food

HETEROTROPES

KINGDOM PLANTAE

Non-vascular - don't have tissues to transport water and food Vascular - those have transport system

study of plants

Botany

VASCULAR PLANTS CAN BE

Seedless vascular Seed Vascular -ANGIOSPERM -GYMNOSPERM

Conducts most of the WATER and MINERALS

XYLEM

Distributes SUGAR

PHLOEM

Seedless vascular plant

FERN

Flowering plants; bears fruit to protect the seed

ANGIOSPERM

Cone bearing plants naked seeds seeds not enclosed by fruit Conifiers

GYMNOSPERM

Reproductive organ of flowering plant

FLOWER

transfer of pollen grans from anther to the stigma

POLLINATION

from one plant to another

CROSS POLLINATION

pollination from same flower or plant

SELF-POLLINATION

PARTS OF MALE FLOWER Clue: AFP

Anther Filament Pollen grains

PARTS OF FEMALE FLOWER Clue: SOSO

Stigma Ovary Style Ovule

called CALYX which protects the flower bud before it opens

SEPALS

called COROLLA often attract a particular pollinator

PETALS

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Horizontal stem also known as STOLON

RUNNERS ex. bamboo, strawberry, bermuda grass

Underground stems that store food foe the plant, the EYES are the stem nodes

TUBERS ex. Potato

grow horizontal underground stem from PLANT TO PLANT

RHIZOMES ex. Ginger

Shortened, compressed UNDERGROUND STEMS

BULB ex. Onion, Garlic

UNDERGROUND STEMS

CORMS

UNDERGROUND ROOTS

carrots, sweet potato, cassava

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISM OUTGROWTH ex. yeast, hydra

BUDDING

Separated pieces of the PARENT ORGANISM CAN DEVELOP INTO AN INDIVIDUAL ex. sea stars, flatworms

FRAGMENTATION

SPLITTING ITSELF INTO TWO TO REPRODUCE ex. Bacteria

BINARY FISSION

chewing food in the mouth

Physical digestion (Mechanical)

breakdown of large food molecules by enzymes

Chemical Digestion

Throat

PHARYNX

passes food from your throat to stomach

ESOPHAGUS

mixed of food and gastric juices

CHYME

final place of digestion

SMALL INTESTINE

where waste material were not digested water absorption, production of Vitamin K, ends in rectum

LARGE INTESTINE

passage way in defecation

ANUS

Largest Internal Organ in the body

LIVER

creates bile

LIVER

Stores the bile

GALL BLADDER

secretes enzymes for digestion of food

PANCREAS

transport blood to other parts of the body

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

pumps blood

HEART

Bring blood back to the heart

VEINS

Brings blood away from the heart

ARTERY

Contains of blood cells

BLOOD

RBC is RED because of

HEMOGLOBIN

fight infection and diseases

WBC

Stops blood especially when wounded

PLATELETS

liquid part of the blood

PLASMA

PROTEIN found in plasma responsible for blood clotting

FIBRINOGEN

vitamin need for blood clotting

VITAMIN K

mineral needed for blood clotting

CALCIUM

vitamin needed for RBC Production

VITAMIN B12

supplies body with oxygen and release CO2 waste

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

warms and moisten air; traps dirt

NOSE

passageway for both air and food

PHARYNX

prevents the entrance of food to trachea (para dli matuk an)

EPIGLOTTIS

voice box vocal cord is found adam's apple for men

LARYNX

windpipe (dinadaanan ng hangin)

TRACHEA

the main organ of respiratory system

LUNGS

regulates body and maintains homeostasis through hormones

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

release insulin

PANCREAS

union of sex cells (gametes) or union of sperm and egg (ovum) forming ZYGOTE

FERTILIZATION

sperm and ovum meet inside the TEST TUBE

IN VIRTRO FERTILIZATION

sperm and ovum meet INSIDE THE BODY

IN VIVO FERTILIZATION

controls sensory and motor functions

NERVOUS SYSTEM

the central nervous system

SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN

the basic unit of nervous system

NEURONS

BRAIN PARTS: voluntary activities, largest part of the brain, intelligences, learning, judgement

CEREBRUM

BRAIN PART: involuntary, balance, and coordination called the LITTLE BRAIN

CEREBELLUM

BRAIN PART: connects brain and spinal cord, involuntary, life sustaining activities: Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing MIDBRAIN PONS

BRAINSTEM

responsible for BREATHING

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

protects and supports body parts (structure/framework of the body posture) blood cell production on bone marrows CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS STORAGE

SKELETAL SYSTEM

how many bones in adults

206

how many bones in new born

270 to 300

moves limbs and other parts of the body. moves substances through the body

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE Involuntary (can be found in STOMACH and INTESTINE)

SMOOTH MUSCLE

TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE Involuntary (can only be found in HEART)

CARDIAC MUSCLE

TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE Voluntary (Can be found in our LIMBS)

SKELETAL MUSCLE

a system that removes metabolic waste from the body

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

main excretory organ; produces urine and filter blood

KIDNEY

is the movement of water across the cell membrane

OSMOSIS

SWELL, BURST, LYSED WATER COMES INSIDE THE CELL

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

NO NET MOVEMENT

ISOTONIC MOVEMENT

SHRINK, SHIVEL, DEHYDRATED WATER GOES OUTSIDE THE CELL

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

Body covering, protects from UV rays ex. Nail, hair and Skin

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

The largest organ in human body

SKIN

Study of ecosystem

ECOLOGY

PRODUCERS ARE

AUTOTROPHS (CAN PRODUCE FOOD)

BIOTIC

LIVING THINGS

ABIOTIC

NON-LIVING THINGS

SCAVENGERS

FEED ON DECAYING AND NECROTIC MATTER. PATAY ANG KINAKAIN

CONSUMERS

HETEROTHROPS (OBTAIN FOOD FROM ANOTHER ORGANISMS)

DECOMPOSERS

SAPROPHYTES

ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP

COMPETITION PREDATION SYMBIOSIS MUTUALISM PARASITISM COMMENSALISM

STUDY OF GENES AND HEREDITY

GENETICS

FATHER OF GENETICS

GREGOR MENDEL

PHYSICAL APPERANCE OF AN ORGANISM

PHENOTYPE

GENES OF A SPECIFIC CHARACTER

GENOTYPE

HOMOZYGOUS

TT, tt, HH

HETEROZYGOUS

Hh,Tt

DOMINANT GENE IS WORKING GENE

TT, HH, tt,hh

RECESSIVE GENE IS NON WORKING GENE

Tt,Hh

SIMILAR STRUCTURE, DIFFERENT FUNCTION

HOMOLOGOUS

SIMILAR FUNCTION, DIFFERENT STRUCTURE

ANALOGOUS

MODIFICATION OD BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

BIOTECHNOLOGY

USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO SOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

BIOREMEDIATION

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM

CHANGING NORMAL TO ABNORMAL

STUDY OF EVERYTHING IN UNIVERSE

ASTRONOMY

all planets revolve around the sun in the same direction REVOLVE EASTWARD/ FROM WEST TO EAST/ COUNTERCLOCKWISE

REVOLUTION

Some planets rotate in the same direction. Rotates eastward from west to east/ counterclockwise except Venus and Uranus

ROTATION

1 REVOLUTION IS

365 DAYS

1 ROTATION IS

24 HRS/1 DAY

SHAPE PF THE EARTH'S ORBIT IS

ELLIPTICAL

TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

MADE OUT OF ROCKS

NEAREST PLANET TO THE SUN AND FASTEST REVOLVING/ORBITING PLANET

MERCURY

BRIGHTEST PLANET, HOTTEST PLANET, EARTH'S CLOSEST NEIGHBORING PLANET

VENUS

ONLY PLANET WITH LIFE, SHAPE IS OBLATE SPHEROID

EARTH

RED PLANET TWO SMALL MOONS: PHOBOS AND DEIMOS

MARS

ASTEROID BELT

BETWEEN MARS AND JUPITER

LARGEST PLANET 92 MOONS 4 GALILIEAN MOONS: IO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE, CALLISTO C - ALLISTO I - O G - ANYMEDE E - UROPA

JUPITER

HAS SPECTACULAR RINGS MADE OF ICE, ROCKS, DUSTS HAS 83 MOONS LARGEST MOON: TITAN

SATURN

ICE GIANTS

URANUS AND NEPTUNE

DWARF PLANET FOUND IN KUIPER BELT 5 MOONS: CHARON, NIX, HYDRA, KERBEROS, STYX KSCHN KERBEROS STYX CHARON HYDRA NIX

PLUTO

EARTH'S SHADOW FALL ON THE MOON S-E-M

LUNAR ECLIPSE

MOON'S SHADOW FALL ON EARTH S-M-E

SOLAR ECLIPSE

SPRING TIDE

HIGHEST AND LOWEST TIDE

LOWER HIGH TIDES AND HIGHER LOW TIDES

NEAP TIDE

MOON CLOSEST TO EARTH

PERIGEE

MOON FARTHEST TO THE EARTH

APOGEE

FIRST SUCCESSFUL MANNED MISSION TO THE MOON

APOLLO 11

FIRST MEN ON MOON

NEIL ARMSTRONG AND BUZZ ALDRIN

A MEDIUM SIZE STAR THAT HAS A WHITE COLOR

SUN

SUN CLOSEST TO THE EARTH PALAPIT

PERIHELION

SUN FARTHEST FROM THE EARTH

APHELION

SMALL DEBRIS CHIPPED OFF FROM ASTERIOD

METEOROID

WHEN IT ENTERS THE ATMOSPHERE

METEOR

WHEN IT HITS THE LAND

METEORITE

SMALL BODY OF ROCK, IRON, ICE, METHANE, AMMONIA, CO2 THAT ORBIT THE SUN TAILPOINTS AWAY FROM THE SUN HALLEY'S COMMET APPEARS EVERY 76 YEARS, 1986 LAST SEEN

COMETS

A BALL OF HYDROGEN AND HELIUM

STAR

HOTTEST STAR

BLUE

COOLEST STAR

RED

GROUP OF STARS FORMING RECOGNIZABLE PATTERN

CONSTELLATION

NEAREST STAR

PROXIMA CENTAURI

BRIGHTEST STAR

SIRIUS

POLARIS OF THE URSA MINOR (LITTLE BEAR)

NORTHERN STAR

LARGEST KNOWN STAR

STEPHENSON 2-18

APPEARANCE OF FIRST DINOSAURS AND MAMMALS

TRIASSIC PERIOD

AGE OF DINOSAUR

JURASSIC PERIOD

EARTH'S SURFACE, OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE EARTH

CRUST

THINNER LAYER OF THE EARTH'S CRUST "DENSER"

OCEANIC CRUST

THICKER LAYER OF THE EARTH'S CRUST "THICKER"

CONTINENTS

ROCKY, MADE UP OF Si,O,Fe (Silicon, Oxygen)

MANTLE

CRUST + UPPER MANTLE

LITHOSPHERE

INNERMOST CENTRAL PART OF THE EARTH THE LIQUID OUTER CORE PRIMARILY MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL THE INNER CORE IS PRIMARILY MADE UP OF IRON AND IS SOLID

CORE

SUPER CONTINENT JIGSAW-LIKE SHAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA AND AFRICA

PANGEA

ANY MOVEMENT OF THE GROUND DUE TO VOLCANIC ERUPTION OR TECTONIC PLATE MOVEMENT

EARTHQUAKE

OH SHOCKS

FORESHOCKS-MAINSHOCK-AFTERSHOCK

POINT OF ORIGIN

FOCUS

PLACE ABOVE THE FOCUS

EPICENTER

ENERGY RELEASED

MAGNITUDE

MAGNITUDE MEASUREMENT

RICHTER SCALE BY CHARLES RICHTER

DAMAGED PRODUCED OR THE REACTION OF PEOPLE

INTENSITY BY MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE

NATURALLY OCCURING INORGANIC CRYSTALLINE COMPOSED OF AN ORDERED ARRANGEMENT OF ATOM

MINERAL

MOH'S SCALE OF HARDNESS TALC GYPSUM CALCITE FLOURITE APATITE ORTHOCLASE QUARTZ TOPAZ CORUNDUM DIAMOND THE LIGHT AND HARD? SI TG GI C FA.. O Q TE CD

TALC AND DIAMOND

FORMED FROM HARDENED MAGMA OR LAVA

IGNEOUS ROCK

FORMED BY THE LAYERS OF SEDIMENTS

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

ROCKS SUBJECTS TO HEAT AND PRESSURE

METAMORPHORIC ROCK

BREAKING OF ROCKS

WEATHERING

REMOVAL OF SOLID DUE TO TRANSPORT BY WIND AND WATER

EROSION

75% OF THE EARTH IS COMPOSE OF WATER

HYDROSPHERE

FIVE OCEANS: PAISA

PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN (ANTARCTIC) ARCTIC OCEAN

STUDY OF ATMOSPHERE

METEOROLOGY

LOWERMOST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE - THIS IS THE WEATHER AREA

TROPOSPHERE

OZONE LAYER IS FOUND AIRPLANE MODE OZONE LAYER PROTECTS FROM UV RAYS CHLOROFLOUROCARBONS DESTROYS OZONE LAYER HYDROFLOUROCARBONS AS AN ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL

STRATOSPHERE

COLDEST LAYER OF ATMOSTPHER. METEOR BURNT UP HERE

MESOSPHERE MIDDLE LAYER

HOTTEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE AURORAS ARE OBSERVED HERE

THERMOSPHERE

OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE

EXOSPHERE

THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD, PROTECTS EARTH FROM DANGEROUS CHARGED PARTICLES (SPLAR FLARES AND SOLAR WINDS)

MAGNETOSPHERE

TYPHOON

PACIFIC OCEAN

CYCLONE

INDIAN OCEAN

HURRICANE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

MADE UP OF WATER AND ARE CLASSIFIED ON THEIR SHAPE AND ALTITUDE

CLOUDS

CLOUDS THAT BRINGS THUNDERSTORMS

CUMULONIMBUS

NORTHEAST MOONSOON (SEPTEMBER TO JUNE)

AMIHAN

SOUTHWEST MOONSOON (JULY TO AUGUST)

HABAGAT

HANGING SILANGAN, FROM PACIFIC OCEAN

EASTERLIES

CAUSED BY Nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide

ACID RAIN

protection of earth like blanket

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

accumulation of CO2 and other gases which causes the trapping of heat from the sun

THERMAL BLANKET

increase of CO2 resulted in the rapid increase in temperature

GLOBAL WARMING

easily identified through pipelines

POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

cant be identified as there are many source

NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION

Algae bloom because of high nutrients in the water causes diminished of water/sea harvest

EUTROPHICATION

building blocks of matter

ATOM

does not occupy space and have no mass

NON-MATTER

anything that occupy space and have mass

MATTER

made up of all the same type of atom or all the same molecules

PURE SUBSTANCE

made up of one type of atom cannot be broken down by chemical into simple substances

ELEMENTS

118th element

oganesson

good conductors of heat and electricity

METALS

poor conductor of heat and electricity

NON-METALS

have both properties of metal and non-metal

METALLOIDS

combination of two or more types of atom, can be broken down

COMPOUNDS

made up of two atoms hydrogen and oxygen

WATER

organic compound by HYDROXYL BONDED TO AN ALKYL GROUP

ALCOHOL

combination of elements

CHEMICAL BONDING

bonding of two or more non-metals

COVALENT BONDS

bonding between metals and non-metals two or more non-metals

IONIC BONDS

different substances that have been combined without chemical bonding taking place just a physical combination

MIXTURE

mixture that has single phase

HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE Salt + water

visually distinguished mixture visible ang changes sa mixture

HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE

particles that do not settle

COLLOIDS

larger particles that settle

SUSPENSION

has definite shape or volume

SOLID

has definite volume but no shape

LIQUID

does not have definite volume or shape

GAS

very hot gas

PLASMA

super cold at absolute zero temperature

BEC (Bose-Einstein Condensate)

chemical composition remains the same Friend MEDCS walay magbag o tearing of paper papel ragihapon siya opcors! pero atong feelings dapat bag ohon opcors! who u sila saako!

PHYSICAL CHANGE FREEZING - liquid to solid MELTING - solid to liquid EVAPORATION - liquid to gas DEPOSITION - gas to solid CONDENSATION - gas to liquid SUBLIMATION - solid to gas

chemical reaction has taken place

CHEMICAL CHANGE

two or more simple substances form a single product

SYNTHESIS A+B AB

a single reactant is broken down into two or more products NAMIKIL KA? MA TOP NOTCHER LANG KO KANING SINGLE NGA GI BROKEN DOWN NILA WHO U SILAAA!!!!! E DECOMPOSE NA NAKO AKO FEELINGS!!!

DECOMPOSITION AB A+B

a more active element replaces less active element in compound NO!!! DAPAT MAHIMO KONG ACTIVE NOW DILI TA PALUPIG!! E SUBSTITUTE NAKO AKO FEELINGS OVER REVIEW!

SUBSTITUTION AB+C AC+B

Interchange of two parts of two substances to form two new substances

DOUBLE DECOMPOSITION AB+CD AD+CB

needs energy I NEED THIS! MAG TOP KOOOO!! ENERGY PARA WHO U SILA! DILI MAGPA LUYA LUYA CHING

ENDOTHERMIC REACTION AB+ ENERGY A+B A+B+ENERGY AB

releases energy WHOO E RELEASE ANG KASAKIT!!

EXOTHERMIC REACTION AB A +B + ENERGY A+B AB + ENERGY

ACID HAVE PH VALUE OF

BELOW 7

BASES HAVE PH VALUE OF ABOVE 7

ABOVE 7

PH VALUE IS NEUTRAL

STUDY OF MATTER AND ENERGY AND THEIR REATIONSHIP

PHYSICS

QUANTITY OF MATTER CAN BE MEASURED IN KG

MASS

THE PULL OF GRAVITY; CAN BE MEASURE IN (NEWTON)

WEIGHT

CONTINOUS CHANGE IN POSITION

MOTION

FIRST LAW: EVERY OBJECT CONTINUES IN ITS STATE OF REST UNLESS ACTED UPON BY UNBALANCED EXTERNAL FORCES IMPRESSED UPON LAW AT REST

LAW OF INERTIA

SECOND LAW: WHEN ENOUGH FORCE IS APPLIED, THE OBJECT WILL ACCELERATE

LAW OF ACCELERATION

THIRD LAW: TO EVERY ACTION THERE IS ALWAYS AND OPPOSITE EQUAL EACTION

LAW OF INTERACTION

CAPACITY TO DO WORK CAPACITY NGA MAG TOP KO

ENERGY

ENERGY AT REST NAA KOY POTENTIAL MAG TOP BECAUSE I'M RESTING IN MY GOD'S PROMISES FOR ME!

POTENTIAL ENERGY

ENERGY IN MOTION FAITH WITH ACTION! MAG TOTOP

KINETIC ENERGY

CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED. IT IS ONLY TRANSFORMED INTO ANOTHER FORM OF ENERGY MY FAITH IS INDESTRUCTIBLE, NASAKITAN KO EMOTIONALLY YET THIS ONLY TRANSFORMS ME! MAG TOTOP! GI CONSERVE RAKO NI LORD! AKO HEART GI CONSERVE

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

STUDY OF HEAT MAGKALAYO PADAYON AKO FAITH KAY LORD! MAGDILAAB!

THERMODYNAMICS

TRANSMISSION OF HEAT FROM TWO OBJECTS WITH DIRECT CONTACT - DIRECT AMO CONTACT NI LORD MAONG NAGA DILAAB KO! ANG RESULTA MA CONSERVE KO

CONSERVATION

HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH AIR AND WATER CURRENTS - SA WHISPHER NI LORD GINA CONVICT KO, HOLY SPIRIT IT IS ALWAYS YOU! SA AIR UG WATER MY LIVING GOD, NAAY CONVICTION

CONVICTION

HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH RAYS OR WAVES

RADIATION

LIGHT TRAVELS FASTER IN

VACUUM OR AIR

LIGHT'S SPEED

3.0X10 TO THE POWER OF 8 M/S

NGANUNG NAAY SKY BECAUSE OF THIS BLUE AND VIOLET NGANUNG NAAY SUNSET BECAUSE OF THIS RED LIGHT - ROYGBIV RED AND ORANGE- LONGEST WAVELENGTH/ LOWEST FREQUENCY BLUE AND V - SHORTEST WAVELENGTH/ HIGH FREQUENCY Y - LIGHTER

SCATTERING

SEPARATION OF WHITE LIGHT BY A PRISM

DISPERSION

BENDING OF LIGHT AS IT PASSES THROUGH AN OBSTRUCTION SUCH AS SMALL SLIT. - EX. JELOUSY WINDOW. SA AKONG PAG SELOS SI LORD AS LIGHT NAGA INTERVENE. GINA OBSTRUCT KO NIYA, CHING PAG MATA! YOU'RE NOT MADE TO DIFFRACT!

DIFFRACTION

OVERLAPPING OF WAVELENGTHS EX. BUBBLE, OIL SPILL PAG MO INTERFERE SI LORD MAG OVERLAP GYUD ANG GLORY

INTERFERENCE

LIGHT BOUNCES OF AN OBJECT - I AM A BOUNCE OF GOD'S GRACE

REFLECTION

LIGHT CHANGES IN DIRECTION AS IT PASSS THROUGH A MEDIUM - PAG NAG CHANGE KAG DIRECTION MAWALA KA KAY LORD SIGURADO MA FRACTS GYUD KA!

REFRACTION

A MECHANICAL WAVE

SOUND

SOUND TRAVELS FAST IN

SOLID/ CAN'T TRAVEL IN VACUUM

IS THE INTELLECTUAL AND PRACTICAL ACTIVITY ENCOMPASSING THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PHYSICAL AND NATURAL WORLD

SCIENCE

INTENSIFY SCIENCE AND TEACHNOLOGY TO FORSTER INVENTION TO PROVIDE FUNDS SCIENCE ACT OF 1958 - PARA MAKA INVENT KA KAYLANGAN KA ANI NGA AMOUNT

R.A 2067

EXTENDING TAX EXEMPTION, PRIVILEGES AND GRANTS, REQUESTS AND DONATIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES AMENDING R.A 2067

R.A 3589

LICENSING ATOMIC ENERGY, LIABILITY FOR NUCLEAR DAMAGE - PILA ANG WORTH SA DAMAGE SA NUCLEAR UG ATOMIC?

R.A 5207

PAG-ASA

P.D NO. 49 S. 1972

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL OIL COMPANY

P.D 334 S. 1973

THE PHIL. CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

R.A 8749

ELECTRONIC COMMERCIAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONNS AND DOCUMENTS

R.A 8792

RENEWABLE ACT OF 2008

R.A 9513

PHIL. CYBERCRIME PREVENTION ACT OF 2012

R.A 10175

TEACHING OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS NGA NAAY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM

R.A. 10612

DICT ACT

R.A. 10844

IS ACTUATED MECHANISM PROGRAMMABLE WITH DEGREE OF AUTONOMY MOVING WITHIN ITS ENVIRONMENT TO PRFORM INTENDED TASK

ROBOT

ROBOT THAT PERFORMS USEFUL TASKS FOR HUMANS OR EQUIOMENT EXCLUDING INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION APPLICATION

SERVICE ROBOT

SERVICE ROBOT FOR PERSONAL USE FOR NON-COMMERCIAL TASK USUALLY BY LAYPERSONS

PERSONAL ROBOT

FATHER OF INFORMATION AGE

CLAUDE SHANNON

SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MATERIAL IN NANOMETER

NANOSCIENCE

EVOKES THE NECESSITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF HUMANS TO RESPECT, PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE NATURAL WORLD FROM THE ABUSIVE OR WRONG OF HUMANS

ENVIRONMENTALISM

EXPLORE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENGAGE IN PROBLEM SOLVING TAKE ACTION TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT TO DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE, MAKE INFORMED AND RESPONSIBLE DECISIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

BRANCH OF BIOLOGY: STUDY OF BODY PARTS AND THEIR LOCATION

ANATOMY

BRANCH OF BIOLOGY: STUDY OF FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY PARTS

PHYSIOLOGY

BRANCH OF BIOLOGY: STUDY OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN LIVING ORGANISMS

BIOCHEMISTRY

BRANCH OF BIOLOGY: STUDY OF MICRO ORGANISMS

MICROBIOLOGY

STUDY OF FUNGI

MYCOLOGY

STUDY OF ALGAE

PHYCOLOGY

STUDY OF PARASITES AND THEIR HOSTS

PARASITOLOGY

STUDY OF ANIMALS

ZOOLOGY

STUDY OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

ETHOLOGY

STUDY OF FISH

ICHTHYOLOGY

STUDY OF BIRDS

ORNITHOLOGY

STUDY OF INSECTS

ENTOMOLOGY

MOST ABUNDAT IN CELL AS CELL CONSISTS OF ENTIRELY CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

OXYGEN

OVERALL NUMBER OF KNOWN ELEMENTS

118

4 ELEMENTS CONSITUTR ABOUT 98% OF LIVING MATTER

CARBON (C) HYDROGEN (H) OXYGEN (O) NITROGEN (N)

MACROMOLECULES Cgeg PLN (sgeg plano way color2)

CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS LIPIDS NUCLEIC ACIDS

selective barrier (semipermeable) control the passage of nutrients and waste boundary between cell and externa environment

THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

Genetic library of the cell contains most of the genes (DNA) in the eukaryotic (command center of the cell) Largest organelle in animal cell it contains nucleolus inside which synthesizes ribosomes

NUCLEUS

Cytosol jelly like liquid where organelles are located compose of water, salts, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and other chemicals

CYTOPLASM

Protein factories in the cell carry out protein synthesis

RIBOSOMES

type of ribosomes produce proteins needed in the cytosol

FREE RIBOSOMES

proteins integrated in the membrane and for export outside the cell

BOUND RIBOSOMES

Biosynthetic factory continuous in the nuclear envelope, folded membranes that serves as channels through which materials are transported in the cell

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Shipping and receiving center packaging factories of the cell manufacture, process and package certain macromolecules

GOLGI APPARATUS

chemical energy conversion powerhouse of the cell converts food molecules into energy through cellular respiration Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy from food ATP means Adenosine Triphosphate: Energy currency of the cell

MITOCHONDRIA

digestive compartments (suicidal bag of the cell) - Garbage collector membranous sac of strong hydrolytic enzymes digest bacteria, other foreign substances, and worn out cell parts

LYSOSOMES

Capture of light energy found in plants not in animals, sites of photosynthesis

CHLOROPLASTS

green pigment of chloroplasts

Chlorophyll

the entire process of capturing light energy to produce food (energy rich organic molecules from carbon dioxide) needed material: Sunlight, -Sunlight, Water, Carbon Dioxide - Waste product: Oxygen - End Product: Sugar (glucose)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

located outside the cell membrane, protective layer of the cell -Plant cell wall: made up of cellulose -Bacterial cell wall: made up of peptidoglycan -Fungal cell wall: made up of chitin

CELL WALL

are found in plants hold reserves of important organic compounds and water can take up to 30% - 90% of cell's volume

CENTRAL VACUOLES

mechanical support, network of fibers -Microfilament - Actin - Intermediate Filament - Keratin - Microtubules - (Tubulin)

CYTOSKELETON

Thinnest part of cytoskeleton

MICROFILAMENTS (ACTIN FILAMENTS)

POSTMORTERM CHANGES MEANS

DEATH

known as hypostasis blood settles because of gravity skin becomes pinkish, bluish, blotchy

LIVOR MOTIS

chemical changes causes muscle mass to become rigid after rigor mortis chemical breakdown and muscles become flaccid

RIGOR MOTIS

Body cooling from normal internal temperature to the temperature of the environment

ALGOR MOTIS