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October Assessment > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Principle of conservation of energy

A

Energy which can not be created or destroyed but transferred from one form to another

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2
Q

Energy transfers during motion the swing

A

GPE decreases and transferred into kinetic energy when increases

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3
Q

Energy transfers during motion the pendulum

A

GPE transfers into half KE when half way through the bottom of the swing transfers to full KE

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4
Q

Kinetic Energy formula

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x Velocity2

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5
Q

GPE formula

A

GPE = mass x gravity x height

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6
Q

Efficiency formula

A

Efficiency = useful energy output/
total energy input

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7
Q

What are fossil fuels

A

Dead plants and animal remains

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8
Q

Renewable energy

A

Is an energy resource that never runs out

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9
Q

Renewable Energy sources

A

Solar
Hydroelectric
Wind

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10
Q

Non renewable energy sources

A

Fossil fuels
Nuclear

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11
Q

Conditions needed to make fossil fuels

A

Time, pressure and temperature/heat

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12
Q

Fossil fuel examples

A

Coal, gas and oil

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13
Q

How does a turbine and a generator produce electricity?

A

Wind moves the rotor blades which powers the generator

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14
Q

Why an element is radioactive

A

Has an unstable nucleus with an unstable amount of protons and neutrons

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15
Q

Alpha particles

A

Slow moving protons and neutrons

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16
Q

Alpha particles are stopped by

A

Few centimetres of air and thin sheet of paper

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17
Q

Beta particles

A

Fast moving electrons

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18
Q

Gamma radiation

A

High energy electromagnetic wave

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19
Q

Beta particles are stopped by

A

Several meters of air
Thin sheet of aluminium

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20
Q

Gamma particles

A

Thick sheet of lead

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21
Q

Why alpha is used in a pacemaker rather than beta or gamma source

A

Alpha can’t escape the pacemaker as it’s made of metal while beta and gamma would escape and damage tissue

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22
Q

Background radiation

A

Radiation that is always present and all around us

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23
Q

Sources of background radiation

A

Carbon 14 inside living organisms

Radioactive gas/radon emitted from granite rock

Potassium which contained in some food

Waste products from nuclear power stations

Medicine in hospital Cosmic rays

24
Q

The solar system is made up off

A

Eight planets, moons, asteroids and comets that orbit the sun

25
Q

Inner planets

A

Has a circular orbit and has a hard surface called rocky planets

26
Q

Outer planets

A

Has an elliptical orbit and are dense balls of gas called gas giants

27
Q

A light year

A

The distance travelled by light in one year

28
Q

Formation of a star/sun

A

A nebula is made up of hydrogen gas and dust.

It became denser as gravity pulled particles together to form a protostar.

Nuclear fusion begins creating a main sequence star

29
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A huge collection of stars

30
Q

What’s the name of our galaxy?

A

The Milky Way

31
Q

The Big Bang theory

A

Galaxies are moving away from each other

The further away the galaxies are the faster they’re moving apart

The universe is expanded and cooled

32
Q

Evidence of the Big Bang

A

All galaxies are moving away from us (seen through red shift)

The further away a galaxy is, the faster it’s moving away

Scientists detected CMBR thought to be left over from the explosion

33
Q

What age is the universe (the Big Bang)

A

14 billion years

34
Q

Steady state theory

A

Universe has always existed and the universe is constantly expanding and creating matter

35
Q

Red shift theory is supported by?

A

The red shift

36
Q

The Big Bang theory is supported by?

A

CMBR

37
Q

CMBR

A

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

38
Q

Electricity

A

The flow of electrons in a circuit

39
Q

Electricity

A

The flow of electrons in a circuit

40
Q

Series circuit

A

Has only one path for electricity to flow

41
Q

Parallel circuit

A

Has two or more paths for electricity to flow

42
Q

Current

A

Amount of electricity flowing around a circuit

43
Q

Current is measured by

A

Ammeter
Amps
A

44
Q

Conductors

A

Materials that let electricity pass through
(Less resistance)

45
Q

Insulators

A

Materials that don’t let electricity pass through (high resistance)

46
Q

Voltage is measured by?

A

Voltmeter
Volts
V

47
Q

Voltage

A

Amount of electrical energy supplied to a circuit or component

48
Q

Current/amps in a series circuit

A

Stays the same throughout the circuit

49
Q

Voltage in a series circuit

A

Decreases as the number of bulbs increases (Splits up)
Brightness of bulbs get dimmer

50
Q

Current/amps in parallel circuit

A

Decreases as the number of bulbs increases (Splits up)

51
Q

Voltage in a parallel circuit

A

Stays the same throughout the circuit

52
Q

Conventional current flow

A

Positive terminal to negative terminal

53
Q

Electron flow

A

Negative terminal to positive terminal

54
Q

Electrical conductors

A

Copper, iron

55
Q

Electrical insulators

A

Glass, wood, plastic and paper

October Assessment (13 decks)

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