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October Assessment > Ict > Flashcards

Ict Flashcards

1
Q

Data

A

Data is raw facts and figures with no context or meaning
E.g. 12

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2
Q

Information

A

Information is data which has been processed or given meaning
E.g. the boy is 7 years old

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3
Q

Data types

A

Charcter/text/string

Boolean eg yes/no l/0 true/false

Integer-can be positive or negative whole numbers

Real numbers/float. E.g. 1.34

Date/time e.g. 03/09/24

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4
Q

30khz

A

30000 hertz

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5
Q

Vectors

A

Logos
Lines, curves and shapes
Mathematical objects
Edit individual objects
Are stored as coordinates of shapes

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6
Q

Bitmaps

A

Photograph

High quality

Made up of a grid of pixels

Stored using binary

Meta data is used for individual information E.g colour

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7
Q

Colour depth

A

The number of bits per pixel

The more colours required the more pixels needed

3 bits=2x2x2=8

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8
Q

File size

A

The size of the grid (width and depth)

E.g. an image which is 1000x800 with a 16 bit colour depth
(1000x800)x16= 12,800,000 bits
Written as 12MB

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9
Q

Data storage in order

A

Bit
Nibble (4 bits)
Byte (8 bits)
Kilobyte (1024 bytes)
Megabyte (1024 KB)
Gigabyte (1024 MB)
Terabyte (1024 GB)

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10
Q

Pixelation

A

Pixelation is when you enlarge or zoom into a bitmap image

(Pixels are getting larger and appearing like a number of small blocks pit together)

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11
Q

Low resolution images

A

Grainy course dots and grainy appearance with jagged diagonal lines and curves

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12
Q

High resolution images

A

Many small dots closer together and produce clearer images

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13
Q

Streaming a video

A

Allows video to be viewed on a website or app straight away without waiting for the full video to be downloaded

(Allows video to be streamed in real-time)

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14
Q

Buffer

A

Allocated part of memory used to store downloaded part of video before watched

Used to download the next part when user is watching a video

Helps to prevent disruptions in streaming a video before played

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15
Q

Advantages of buffering

A

Video unlikely to be replicated as the user doesn’t save a full copy

User doesn’t have to wait for entire file to download to their computer

Users computer doesn’t need to be capable of storing the entire file

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16
Q

Sound

A

Sample rate
Bit depth
Bit rate

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17
Q

Sample rate

A

Number of audio sound samples captured every second to represent the sound digitally

Measured in Hertz

More samples taken per second, the more accurate the digital representation of the original sound

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18
Q

Bit depth

A

Number of bits used to store each sound sample

Higher quality sound requires a higher bit depth

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19
Q

Bit depth CD

A

16 bits has a resolution of 65536 possible values

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20
Q

Bit rate

A

Quantity of data measured in bits that is processed in a given amount of time

Kilobytes per seconds

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21
Q

Analogue

A

Continuous varying signal that represents a physical quantity such as sound

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22
Q

ADC

A

Analogue to digital conversion

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23
Q

Digital

A

Represented in binary format

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24
Q

Digital to analogue conversion

A
  1. Sound is recorded on a microphone in analogue format

2.converted into digital format before before stored into the computer

3.analogue to digital converter is required to do this

4.if needed to play back again

25
Q

Analogue to digital converter

A

Sample a sound wave at regular time intervals

If number of samples per second is low will have loss of audio quality because samples don’t show what the sound wave is doing in-between each sound sample

Ensure original sound is maintained, sampling per second should be increased

26
Q

Data compression definition

A

Reducing the storage requirements of a file by following one or more compression algorithms

27
Q

Lossless compression definition

A

Makes its original file to be fully restored to its original state

28
Q

Lossy compression definition

A

Discarding some of the data for the compression process so data can’t be reinstated

29
Q

Compression used to reduce volume

A

Volume of storage required on devices, making larger quantities of data to fit into the same amount of storage space

30
Q

Compression used to reduce bandwidth

A

Bandwidth required to transfer multimedia files across communication links (locally, nationally and globally)

31
Q

Without compression volume

A

Very high volumes of storage required, occupying more space and slow down intervals/save times

32
Q

Without compression bandwidth

A

Available bandwidth most local and global networks wouldn’t cope with volumes of data being sent and disrupting communication services (lagging and video streaming)

33
Q

Benefits of compression

A

Will have a price

34
Q

System software

A

Interface between computer hardware and user application programs

Enables the computer to operate its hardware and application software

35
Q

Application software

A

Enables the computer to do a particular task (word processing)

36
Q

Types of software

A

Operating system
Utility programs

37
Q

Utility programs

A

Disc defragmentation
Task scheduling
Data backup and restore
Antivirus

38
Q

Operating system

A

Manages all other programs being used on the computer (ms windows)

39
Q

Operating system what it does

A

Manages memory given to programs and files being processed

Locates free memory space in RAM and allocate this to the program or file data

Allocates processing time to the programs using techniques like time slicing

Manage the storage of data on external storage devices (backups)

40
Q

Real time processing

A

Data processed immediately after its input

Output generated is processed quickly which influences the next input received

41
Q

Real time processing examples

A

Airline/concert booking, online stock control systems, air traffic control systems

42
Q

Advantages of real time processing

A

System can cope with a of changes or processes in a short period of time

Safe running of systems (air traffic control)

43
Q

Disadvantages real time processing

A

Limit to the number of users or tasks who can access the system so some users must wait

44
Q

Batch processing definition

A

Collecting groups of batches of similar data over a period of time and inputting data at an agreed time

Processed without human

45
Q

What is batch processing used for

A

Large volumes of data E.g. payroll, billing systems and banking

46
Q

Utility software definition

A

A program which carries out a specific task to assist the operating system

47
Q

Batch processing advantages

A

Processor can be used to execute multiple programs with the appearance of simultaneous usage

48
Q

File fragmentation

A

A single file may be broken up and stored in different parts of the disc

49
Q

Disc defragmentation

A

Before a file is stored on a disc is broken down into a number of data blocks by the operating system

Each block is stored in a free block of space on the disc

Not always possible to locate enough adjacent free block spaces for the blocks to be stored together

50
Q

Purpose of disc defragmentation

rearranges the data on the disc so that

A

Files are stored in blocks that are all together

All the free blocks are together in the same part of the disc

Speeds up the time needed to access files

51
Q

Task scheduling

A

Method which the processor time is divided amongst a number of tasks

Make maximum use of the processor time making system more efficient

52
Q

Task scheduling steps

A

Multi user system robinhood method

Processed deals with a task from the first computer then moves it to the next sequence

When it reaches the last computer it automatically starts over again with the first computer

Attempts to process as many tasks as possible in a given time frame

53
Q

Data backup definition

A

A copy of the original data or file incase it gets damaged or lost

54
Q

Backup
Businesses should have more than one copy

A

Hard disc fails

Virus destroyed the data stored

User accidentally deletes a file

Fire destroys the building where files are stored

55
Q

Backups where should be stored

A

Secure location

Used to restore the original data to its previous state by uploading the latest backup file into the system

56
Q

Examples of backups where should be stored

A

If I was to store data/backup put it out of site

57
Q

Virus

A

Program attach itself to a file once opened, it can spread itself to other files and computers linked to the internet

58
Q

Anti virus

A

Scan files stored on the computer and data entering the computer system and compare to known database of viruses

59
Q

It’s important to for antivirus

A

To update so the antivirus software can detect all know viruses or been created

October Assessment (14 decks)

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