science Flashcards
cell
the smallest unit that can perform the functions of life
multicellular
many celled organism
Cell membrane
the selectively
permeable structure enclosing the
contents of a cell or organelle;
regulates the passage of substances
into and out of a cell or organelle
Chlorophyll
a green pigment, present in all green plants, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis
Electron microscope
use beams of electrons instead of light, the electrons are bounced off the sample, then enlarged to form an image on a television screen of photographic plate
Compound Light Microscope
Compound light microscopes have two lenses for greater magnification and use a normal light for the microscope
name the parts of the compound light microscope A through K also look at the papers
A - eyepiece/ocular lense B - tube C - coarse adjustment knob D - fine adjustment knob E - arm F - revolving nosepiece G - objective lense H - stage I - condenser lense J - diaphragm K - light source
Know the steps for using a microscope and looking at a slide
First get the microscope on a solid and safe surface and on the low objective magnification lens, then prepare a wet mount by getting a clean slide, place the object you want to magnify on the clean slide, then get a dropper to place a small drop of water on the slide; or you can use iodine, then place a cover slip over top of the object you wish to magnify, then place under your microscope, then view the specimen, if the object is not in focus then you the coarse adjustment knob to get the object in view, then use the fine adjustment knob to get the object into focus, and then change the magnification lens if you want a greater magnification. The common magnification lenses are 10x X 4x, 10x, and 40x
An animal cell name A through D look at papers
A - Cell membrane B - cytoplasm C - nucleus D - vacuoles
A Plant cell
name A through F
look at papers
A - Cell membrane B - cytoplasm C - nucleus D - vacuoles E - cell wall F - chloroplast
what is the use of the cell membrane
- it surrounds and protects the contents of the cell,
- it also controls the movements of the cell in and out of the cell
what is the purpose of the cytoplasm give two points
- the cytoplasm is a jellylike substance.
- The cytoplasm constantly moves throughout the cell, and it distributes materials throughout the cell, such as food and oxygen.
what is the purpose of the nucleus in the cell, give three points.
- The nucleus controls the cell’s activities.
- it also contains chromosomes which are structures made of genetic material that direct a cell’s growth and reproduction.
- The cell nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear membrane.
what is the purpose of the vacuoles in the cell give two points
- they are balloon-like substances
- they are storage places for surplus food, wastes, and other substances
what is the purpose of the cell wall in the cell give three points
- occurs in plants, fungi, and some unicellular organisms
- cell walls are much more thick and rigid compared to the cell membranes
- they are made of a tough material called cellulose
what is the purpose of the chloroplasts in the cell give three points
- they are the structures where photosynthesis takes place
- they contain chlorophyll
- they are only found in green plants and some unicellular organisms
What makes something living or nonliving
What makes something living is their ability to carry on life processes such as: needing energy/eating, responding and adapting to their environment, reproducing, growing, and producing wastes.
Magnification of a Microscope
compound light microscopes use separate lenses to increase magnification power. With the ocular lens commonly being 10x, and the three objective lenses commonly being 4x, 10x, and 40x. To get total magnification you multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens.
What functions do all living things need to carry out
Energy - animals get their energy from food, and plants get their energy from the sun using photosynthesis
Environment - plants need light to make food, so they will bend towards a light source, living things will change their behaviors or change their bodies to survive and thrive
Reproduction - living organisms need to reproduce so that life can continue
Growth - living organisms grow to help them get their needs to survive done; a dandelion grow from a seed and a baby grow to a fully grown human
Wastes - living organisms get rid of wastes like carbon dioxide, animals get rid of wastes such as urine or feces
Magnification of field of view
You can either use a ruler for lower magnification, or you can use the magnification of the low power lens and its field of view, then divide the magnification of the low power lens by the magnification of the medium or high power lens, then multiply the FOV of the low power lens by the quotient of the low power divided by medium or high power to get the FOV of the medium power magnification of high power magnification
remember
cells - tissues - organs - systems
magnify
to make an object appear
larger by using a microscope or
another magnifying instrument
the part of the microscope that you look through
ocular lens
part of the microscope you hold
arm
