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science Flashcards

1
Q

cell

A

the smallest unit that can perform the functions of life

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2
Q

multicellular

A

many celled organism

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

the selectively
permeable structure enclosing the
contents of a cell or organelle;
regulates the passage of substances
into and out of a cell or organelle

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4
Q

Chlorophyll

A

a green pigment, present in all green plants, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis

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5
Q

Electron microscope

A

use beams of electrons instead of light, the electrons are bounced off the sample, then enlarged to form an image on a television screen of photographic plate

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6
Q

Compound Light Microscope

A

Compound light microscopes have two lenses for greater magnification and use a normal light for the microscope

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7
Q

name the parts of the compound light microscope A through K also look at the papers

A

A - eyepiece/ocular lense B - tube C - coarse adjustment knob D - fine adjustment knob E - arm F - revolving nosepiece G - objective lense H - stage I - condenser lense J - diaphragm K - light source

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8
Q

Know the steps for using a microscope and looking at a slide

A

First get the microscope on a solid and safe surface and on the low objective magnification lens, then prepare a wet mount by getting a clean slide, place the object you want to magnify on the clean slide, then get a dropper to place a small drop of water on the slide; or you can use iodine, then place a cover slip over top of the object you wish to magnify, then place under your microscope, then view the specimen, if the object is not in focus then you the coarse adjustment knob to get the object in view, then use the fine adjustment knob to get the object into focus, and then change the magnification lens if you want a greater magnification. The common magnification lenses are 10x X 4x, 10x, and 40x

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9
Q

An animal cell name A through D look at papers

A

A - Cell membrane B - cytoplasm C - nucleus D - vacuoles

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10
Q

A Plant cell
name A through F
look at papers

A

A - Cell membrane B - cytoplasm C - nucleus D - vacuoles E - cell wall F - chloroplast

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11
Q

what is the use of the cell membrane

A
  • it surrounds and protects the contents of the cell,
  • it also controls the movements of the cell in and out of the cell
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12
Q

what is the purpose of the cytoplasm give two points

A
  • the cytoplasm is a jellylike substance.
  • The cytoplasm constantly moves throughout the cell, and it distributes materials throughout the cell, such as food and oxygen.
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13
Q

what is the purpose of the nucleus in the cell, give three points.

A
  • The nucleus controls the cell’s activities.
  • it also contains chromosomes which are structures made of genetic material that direct a cell’s growth and reproduction.
  • The cell nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear membrane.
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14
Q

what is the purpose of the vacuoles in the cell give two points

A
  • they are balloon-like substances
  • they are storage places for surplus food, wastes, and other substances
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15
Q

what is the purpose of the cell wall in the cell give three points

A
  • occurs in plants, fungi, and some unicellular organisms
  • cell walls are much more thick and rigid compared to the cell membranes
  • they are made of a tough material called cellulose
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16
Q

what is the purpose of the chloroplasts in the cell give three points

A
  • they are the structures where photosynthesis takes place
  • they contain chlorophyll
  • they are only found in green plants and some unicellular organisms
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17
Q

What makes something living or nonliving

A

What makes something living is their ability to carry on life processes such as: needing energy/eating, responding and adapting to their environment, reproducing, growing, and producing wastes.

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18
Q

Magnification of a Microscope

A

compound light microscopes use separate lenses to increase magnification power. With the ocular lens commonly being 10x, and the three objective lenses commonly being 4x, 10x, and 40x. To get total magnification you multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens.

19
Q

What functions do all living things need to carry out

A

Energy - animals get their energy from food, and plants get their energy from the sun using photosynthesis
Environment - plants need light to make food, so they will bend towards a light source, living things will change their behaviors or change their bodies to survive and thrive
Reproduction - living organisms need to reproduce so that life can continue
Growth - living organisms grow to help them get their needs to survive done; a dandelion grow from a seed and a baby grow to a fully grown human
Wastes - living organisms get rid of wastes like carbon dioxide, animals get rid of wastes such as urine or feces

20
Q

Magnification of field of view

A

You can either use a ruler for lower magnification, or you can use the magnification of the low power lens and its field of view, then divide the magnification of the low power lens by the magnification of the medium or high power lens, then multiply the FOV of the low power lens by the quotient of the low power divided by medium or high power to get the FOV of the medium power magnification of high power magnification

21
Q

remember

A

cells - tissues - organs - systems

22
Q

magnify

A

to make an object appear
larger by using a microscope or
another magnifying instrument

23
Q

the part of the microscope that you look through

A

ocular lens

24
Q

part of the microscope you hold

A

arm

25
Q

part of the microscope you use to make large adjustments

A

coarse-adjustment knob

26
Q

part of the microscope for smaller adjustments

A

fine-adjustment knob

27
Q

part of the microscope that provides the light

A

light

28
Q

light travels from the objective to the ocular

A

tube

29
Q

the part of the microscope that changes what objective lens you are looking through

A

revolving nosepiece

30
Q

the part of the microscope that magnifies the image

A

objective lenses

31
Q

the part of the microscope that holds the object you wish to look at

A

stage

32
Q

the part of the microscope that collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen

A

condensor lens

33
Q

the part of the microscope controlling the amount of light that passes through the specimen

A

diaphragm

34
Q

make sure you know how to calculate the field of view of the medium power objective lens

A

and the high power objective lens

35
Q

calculate the FOV of the medium power objective lens, if your low power objective lens is 4x, and has a FOV of 3.5mm, and your medium power objective lens is 10x

A

medium power FOV = 3.5mm X 4/10
= 3.5mm X 0.4
= 1.4mm

36
Q

calculate the FOV of the high power objective lens, if your low power objective lens is 4x, and has a FOV of 4x, and has a FOV of 4mm, and your high power objective lens is 40x

A

high power FOV = 4mm X 4/40
= 4mm X 0.1
= 0.4mm

37
Q

a millimetre is ________ micrometers

A

1000 micrometers

38
Q

why is a worm a multicellular organism, two reasons

A

because worms are too big to be a unicellular organism and worms require many cells to carry out their systems

39
Q

why are cells so small instead of being larger

A

Because the materials such as oxygen and food need to get in and out of the cell is through the membrane which needs to be closer together for the process to be quick, as well as that a larger cell would take more materials to operate.

40
Q

what is the most common size for a plant or an animal: in diameter and micrometers

A

10 - 50 micrometers

41
Q

what is the common size of cells in bacterial cells

A

1-5 micrometers diameter

42
Q

list all the characteristics of living organisms

A
  • need energy
  • respond and adapt
  • reproduce
  • grow
  • produce wastes
  • have cells
43
Q

how were cells first discovered and by who

A

they were first discovered once the microscope was invented, and Robert Hooke was the first to discover cells, but anton van leeuwenhoek was the first to make the microscope

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