Science Flashcards
1
Q
What is our solar system
A
A system of a sun and that movie around it call planet and the galaxy and Milky Way
2
Q
How many planets are there?
A
8 , sun, mercury,Venus, earth, mars Jupiter,Saturn, Uranus,Neptune
3
Q
What is the universe made of
A
Dark matter and dark energy and black holes dust
4
Q
how did the universe happen
A
It started with the Big Bang
5
Q
How big is the universe
A
Approximately 93 billion light years in diameter
6
Q
What space
A
The empty between objects and the universe
7
Q
What galaxy
A
gas and dust and solar system
8
Q
How long dose it take for the galaxy and the Milky Way to rotate
A
It take 250 million years to rotate
9
Q
What is a andromeda.
A
Andromeda is our neatest neighbouring galaxy it is 2.537 million light years year away
10
Q
What are stars
A
ball of gas hydrogen helium heat and light
11
Q
What is sun called
A
Our sun is a small star called sol
12
Q
What other stars types are there
A
White dwarf, supergiant, red dwarf, black hole
13
Q
The life of a star what is it
A
Stars are born when a nebula is pulled together to that it ignites
14
Q
Mean of hydrogen
A
It is the fuel new atomic nucleus are formed
15
Q
When a new stars is stabled for a billion year
A
It is called yellow dwarf bigger hotter stars have shorter lives
16
Q
When it runs out of fuel the star
A
Cools and expands become a red giant
17
Q
Inner core collapses and forms
A
A white dwarf
18
Q
The white dwarf eventually run out of fuel and become
A
A black dwarf the universe isn’t old enough for this to happen yet
19
Q
What are constellations
A
Group of stars which we have grouped like join the dots
20
Q
An object orbiting a star with enough gravity to make itself sphere
A
This means it must be a minimum size it must dominate it environment
21
Q
How many moons dose mercury have
A
It has no moons
22
Q
How many moons dose Venus have
A
It has no moons
23
Q
How many moons dose earth have
A
It has one moons
24
Q
How many moons have mars
A
Mar has 2 mooons
25
How many moons dose Jupiter have
It has 95 moons
26
How many moons has Saturn
It has 146
27
How many moons has Uranus
It has 27 moons
28
Neptune has
16 moons
29
Who has the one big moon
Pluto has one big moon and 4 other
30
Pluto is smaller than
Our moon luna
31
Charon is quite big in comparison to
Pluto
32
Charon affects the movement of
Pluto in a big way see it wobble
33
Pluto is not dominating its
Evironment
34
What is asteroids
Giants rocks that orbit the sun not planets millions of them in the asteroid belt between mars and Jupiter
35
Ceres and vest are the
Largest asteroid in our solar system’s
36
Eros anther one in
The Kuiper Belt
37
What are meteors and meteors
Rocks the burn up in the earths atmosphere making a shooting stars trail behind them many land on earth as rocks called. Meteors
38
You can find micrometer in dust in your drainpipe
39
What are black holes
When giants stars die they collapse into them selves because of their own gravity this point of extreme density and gravity is a black hole
40
Not even light can
Escape the hug gravity the centrel of most galaxies is a supermassive ball hole
41
The Big Bang theory
The Big Bang theory is how physicists explain in the origin of the universe
42
The Big Bang theory began
14 billion years ago all of space and matter and energy were together in a single tiny extremely hot point
43
The Big Bang theory
This point exploded and created all matter and space and energy the universe expanded and cooled and is still experiencing all matter and energy in space has developed from that point
44
The earth is
Life has existed for 4 billion years years
5 billion years old the. Dinosaurs existed 200 million years ago years ago-64 million years ago humans have existed for less then 250,000 years the current version or human that we are might only be less than 60,000 years old
45
What cause nigth and day
Are due to the earth rotating on its axis
46
Why is it nigth time in Australia when it is daytime inn Ireland
Cause Australia is on the other side of Ireland
47
What cause the season
The earth spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbit
48
Are we nearer to the sun in the summer or further away
Its nearest stellar neighbour is the alpha centaur triple star system
49
Where dose the light form the moon come from
The moon form during a collision between the earth and another small planet about the size of the planet mars
50
What are the phases of the moon and why do they occur
Caused by the changing position of the moon earth and sun
51
What are eclipse is there more than one type
Cause by the changing position of the moon and earth and the sun yes
52
How old is the earth
4.543 billion years
53
How big is the moon
Me as diameter 3,475km earth diameter 2,742 km what is the ratio of these number is the for a moon
54
How dense is the moon
3.34cm3 earth density 5.514 gcm3 earth weight 81 times more than the moon what does the answer suggest about what the moon is made of
55
Earth orbit around the sun our models is tired at an angle of
23° for vertical because the earth rotates at this angle
56
Why dose the wrath rotates at this angle why
When it was very young as a planted about 4.5 BYA the solar system was a messy place full of wandering debris
57
The earth was Lilly hit by a large object called a
Pronto planet
58
This cause the axis to tilt and cause a mass ejection of matter which eventually gathered to from the moon
59
What is analemma
It is if the sun at mid day throughout the years the orbits of the earth tilt the axis
60
What is a eclipses
Occur when one planetary body blocks the view of another one
61
What do the solar eclipses
When the moon passes between the sun and the earth and blocks the view of the moon
62
What are lunar eclipse
When the earth passes between the sun and the moon and blocks the sun light from the moon
63
Solar eclipse types
Umbra where there is total shadowing total eclipse penumbra where there is parties shadowing partial eclipse
64
Partial solar eclipse
When the sun is partly covered by the moon
65
Total solar eclipse
When the sun is fully covered by the sun
66
Annular solar eclipse
A total eclipse when the moon is further away from the earth so dose not fully cover the sun
67
Lunar eclipse
A penumbra lunar eclipse when the moon enters the penumbra only
68
All partial lunar eclipse
When some of the moon enter the umbra
69
A total lunar eclipse
When all of the. Moon enters the umbra
70
Why don’t eclipses happen every month
The moon wobbles around the earth it’s orbit is at an angle of about 5 degrees above or below the equator
71
Surface of the moon
Moon has no atmosphere and no tectonic movement
72
Sea these are ancient lava plains from when the moon still has a molten core
73
Plate tectonic
Is the movement of the earth crust
74
Seismology meaning
Is the study of the earth quakes and volcanoes are cause by plate tectonics
75
Seismograph meaning
Used to measure this movement
76
The richter scale meaning
Is a logarithmic scale used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake
77
Ingredients rock meaning
When lava or magma cool it forms this rock
78
Sedimentary rock meaning
Formed by layers rock particles plans and animals deposited over millions of of years
79
Metamorphic rock
When igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed by huge heat
80
Acids have a
Sour taste
81
Acids turn
Blue litmus red
82
Acids have a
Ph below 7
83
Everyday acids
Lemons and oranges
84
Lad acids
Hhdrochloric acids also stomach acids
85
Bases are the
Opposite to acids
86
Bases turn
Red litmus blue
87
An alkali is a
Bases which is soluble in water
88
Every day base
Toothpaste and calcium bread soda and bleach
89
Lab bases
Sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide and lime water
90
Bases and acid can
Chang colour and litmus and universal indicator
91
The ph scale
Is use to measure the strength of acids and bases
92
Bases is above 7 and acids have a ph of below 7
93
The oh scale is
Logarithmic it increases by factor of 10 ph 6 in 10 time more acidic than ph 7
94
Neutralisation
When an acid is mixed with a base they cancel each other out and form a salt and water acid +base -salt +water
95
Acid + base
Hhdrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide +water
96
Acid + carbonate
When the base is a carbonate like linestone
97
Types of motion
Movement left to right up and down
98
What have all movement got in common
Variables distance time speed
99
Distance is measured In
Metres
100
Time is measured in
Second
101
Speed is measured in
Meters per second
102
These are scalar quantities they have a magnitude size but no direction
103
What is velocity
Is speed in a given direction
104
What is displacement
Is the distance an object travels in a certain direction
105
These are vector quantities they have a direction
106
Speed is
The distance travelled by an object in a unit of time the sl unit of speed is metres per second
107
Calculating speed
Cover the quantity you are looking for on the triangle to work out the formula
108
Speed calculation if a car travels a distance of 400 km in 6 hours find its speed
Speed = distance = 400 = 66.7 km/h time 6
109
What is velocity
Velocity is the speed of a body and the direction in which it is moving e.g boats and planes
110
What is acceleration
Is the change in speed divided by the time taken for the change
111
What is deceleration
The is when a body is slowing down negative acceleration on a graph
112
Accelerating objects
Curved line show if an object is accelerating or decelerating the steeper the line get the faster the object is moving
113
What is forces
Is something that cause an object to accelerate or change velocity force is measured in newton a force has many effect it can change the speed direction shape or size of an object
114
Types of force
Pulling pushing stretching weight
115
Contact forces
Two object need to be in contact for these forces to occur
116
Non contact forces
The two objects do not have to be in contact for these forces to occur
117
Friction. is a force that oppose motion between two objects in contact advantages and disadvantages of friction
118
Lubrication
Is reducing the friction between surfaces by applying Sol or grease to them
119
Weight
Of an object is the force of gravity on it weight n = mass kg x 10
120
To earth Magnetic field
The earth acts like there is a giant magnet in it centre giving it a magnetic field so a freely hanging magnet will settle in a north south direction its South Pole face north and it is not directly in line with geographical north
121
Explain what is measured by a light year
It travel in one year
122
Mass v weight
Mass on earth = 70 kg weight on earth = 70 kg x 10 = 700n mass on moon = 70kg weight on earth = 700 = 116.7 n 6
123
Conclusion
The straight line graph shows that extension increases are the force is increased say that the applied force is directly proportional to the extension
124
Hooked law
The extension of an elastic material is directly proportional to the force that is stretching it
125
Air resistance
This is the force applied by air acts against the velocity of a moving odject
126
Relationship between force mass and acceleration
Force = mass acceleration this can be calculated if you know the measurement ment involved
127
Botany
This is solar to air. Resistance but liquids are much more dense than air and create much greater resistance to reacts pushing through them
