Geography Flashcards
What are waves
Save are formed by the wind moving across the surface of the sea waves are cause By erosion transportation and deposition along our coastline
The fetch is
The distance over which the wind blows the faster the wind and the longer the fetch the bigger the waves
What is the swash
The water that moves up the shore is called the swash the swash carries sediment up the shore
What is backslash
The water that moves back down the shore is called backswash the backswash carries sediment back down the shore
What is constructive waves
Constructive waves have a strong swash and a weaker backswash constructive waves happen in clam weather and during summer moths when waves have less energy
What is Destructive waves
Waves have a weaker swash and have a stronger backswash these waves happen in poor weather and during winter months when waves have more energy
What are hydraulic action
Is the sheer force of waves pounding the coast rock and sand are removed by the force of waves on the coastline
What are compressed air
Happened when air becomes trapped in cracks in the rock incoming waves compress air in the joints when the waves retreats the air
What is abrasion
Is cause when pebbles stone and rocks are dashed against the coast by waves this breaks off pieces of rock from the coastline
What is attrition
Is when pebbles and stones that are carried by the sea rub against each other as a result they become rounded and worn down eventually the rocks are broken down into fine sand
What is solution
Happens when seawater which contains salt gradually dissolves rocks on the coastline
What is transportation processes longshore drift
The sea transport sediment along a coat by the process of long shore drift waves approach the shore at an angle back down the beach at a right angle
What is deposition processes
The sea deposits sand and shingles on a shore line whenever waves lose energy this happens when waves slow down .entering shallow water
Cliffs cut platfor
Cliffs can be composed of rock and soil they are features of erosion explanation cliffs form when destructive waves erode the coast at high tide hydraulic action compressed air and abrasion erode a waves cut notch a waves cut platform develops at the base of the cliff sediment from the notch is transported and deposited below tide
What is weathering
Is a process that cause rocks to be broken into smaller pieces over time weathering happens In situ in the place where a rock happens to be
What is freeze thaw action
Or frost shattering occurs when rock breaks up because of repeated freezing of water and thawing of ice in upland areas upland areas tend to receive more rain than lowland areas
2 in freeze thaw action
Rain water gather in the joints (cracks) in the rock burning winter the temperature fall below freezing point this water and expands by about 10 per cent
3in freeze thaw action
The expansion of the ice places pressure on the joints in the rock causing them to widen slightly
4 in freeze thaw action
When the water thaws it lies deeper in the joints the next time the water freezes the joints widen eve more
5 in freeze thaw action
Over time the rock breaks and collapses into smaller pieces of rock called scree can be found on the sides of many mountains such as the great sugarloaf in co. Wicklow
Chemical weathering carbonation
Carbonation is a chemical weathering process it is the process of rock being dissolved by a weak carbonic acid limestone is particularly affect by acid rain because of its characteristic
Factor affecting mass movement water content
A higher water content makes the screw heavier and acts as a lubricant soil patches separate and move downhill more easily
Soil creep
Is the slow movement of soil downslope
What is big burst
When peat become saturated with rainwater bog hurts occur in upland areas where wet heavy peat moves quickly downslope the moving peat can destroy everything in it path
