science

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

He was the first person to observe cells
Compound microscope
Observed cells in a piece of cork
Named them cells because they looked like the little rooms (cells) that monks lived in.

Question 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 2

Also used microscopes to view cells
Looked at pond water
Discovered one-celled organisms that he called: animalcules “little animals”
Would also look at scrapings from his teeth!

Question 3

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 3

German Botanist
Studied Plants
All plants are made of cells

Question 4

Theodore Schwann

Answer 4

German Zoologist
Studied Animals
All animals are made of cells

Question 5

Before the Cell Theory

Answer 5

*Spontaneous Generation= The idea that organisms originate directly from non-living matter.
A.K.A. “life from non life”

Question 6

Francesco Redi

Answer 6

Proved that spontaneous generation was false.

Question 7

Cell Theory States

Answer 7

1. The cell is the basic unit of life.
2. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
3. All cells come from other cells.

Question 8

Cell or Plasma Membrane

Answer 8

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins
Surrounds outside of ALL cells
Controls what enters or leaves the cell
“Gatekeeper”

Question 9

Cell Wall

Answer 9

ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
Found outside of the cell membrane
Helps maintain the cell’s shape
Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria

Question 10

Cytoplasm of a Cell

Answer 10

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Jelly-like material
Contains water & food for cell
Holds organelles in place

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Directs the activity of the cell (when it grows and divides)
Contains DNA!
Usually the largest organelle
“The Brain”

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Dark spot in the middle of the nucleus
Makes ribosomes that make proteins

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Fuels the cell
Breaks down food to produce ATP
ATP is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
Nickname: “Powerhouse”

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER

Answer 14

The transport system in the cell
Two kinds of ER —ROUGH & SMOOTH

Question 15

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Answer 15

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Rough appearance because it has ribosomes on its surface
Processes and exports proteins
Nickname: Protein Highway

Question 16

Functions of the Smooth ER

Answer 16

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
No ribosomes
Processes and exports fats

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
“Protein factories” for cells
Can be attached to rough ER or free in the cytoplasm

Question 18

Golgi Bodies

Answer 18

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Packages, modifies and transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell
Looks like a stack of pancakes
Nickname: Fed Ex

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Found in BOTH plant and animal cells
Contain digestive enzymes
Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells
Nickname: Clean up Crew

Question 20

Vacuoles

Answer 20

Fluid filled sacks for storage (water, sugars, proteins, minerals, enzymes…)
Small or absent in animal cells
Plant cells have a large Central Vacuole

Question 21

Chloroplasts

Answer 21

Only found in plant cells
Traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment