science Flashcards by Callia Burns

what is biological diversity?

living and different

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a narrow niche

a species that has limited environmental adaptations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a broad niche

organisms that have adapted to a broad way environmental conditions.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a generalist?

Generalists are often able to adapt to different tasks and roles, making them versatile and well-rounded.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Specialist?

Specialists typically have in-depth training and experience in their area of specialization, allowing them to provide expert advice, guidance, and services related to their particular field.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is Asexual reproduction?

Only one parent provides genetic material (DNA). Offspring are clones. Offspring can live and reproduce like parents.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is binary fission?

A mother cell divides into two daughter cells. Both cells are genetically identical.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the factors of Mutations?

Cause changes in the structure of an organism. Can occur in the reproductive cells (sperm/egg).
These mutations can be passed on from parents to child.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the factors of Mutagens?

Chemicals and other factors that can cause mutations.
Ex: X-Ray, UV Light, Chemicals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nature VS Nurture

Nature:
Inherited (passes down from parents) its in your own chromosomes
Nurture:
Environmental influence
Ex: Athleticism
Ex: Artistic Ability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are Genes?

Job: responsible for various characteristics. Located on the chromosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the average human karyotype?

46 total chromosomes 23 pairs
Sex chromosomes
(XX =Female)( XY =Male)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are Chromosomes?

Packages of dna
Every human cell contains 46 chromosomes except for sex cells
Organized into pairs
A single segment of chromosomes or dna is called: gene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the Pairing rule?

Cytosine always pairs with guanine
Adenine always pairs with thymine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DNA has many jobs. What are these jobs?

Job: make up genetic code
Found in the nucleus of the cell
Dna is arranged in packages called chromosomes
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus
Contains all instructions which create organisms characteristics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the Structure of DNA?

Discovered in 1953
Shape is called a double helix or a twisted ladder
The sides of that ladder are made up of sugar and phosphate
The rungs of the ladder are made up of items called nitrogenous bases
The four nitrogen bases are:
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

what is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?

The molecule that acrries all our genetic information. Found in the nucleus of the cell

what is Heterozygous?

Having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
Ex: Bb

what is Homozygous?

An individual inherits the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents
Ex: bb or BB

what is Dominant and Recessive?

One allele from your mother and one allele from your father.
Ex: dominate is brown hair
Ex: recesive is blonde or ginger hair.

what are Alleles?

One member of a pair of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome. When mixed, a dominant trait will show up in the offspring.

what are the 2 kinds of inheritable traits?

Continuous variation: everybody has it.

Discrete variation: You have it or you don’t.

what are Somatic cells?

Body cells

what are Gametes?

sex cells

what are stem cells?

Undifferentiated (do not have specific jobs, ex: skin, bone, muscle, nerve).

what is Bacterial conjugation?

Primitive form of sexual reproduction One bateria gives a small amount of DNA to the other.Does not produce offspring, it only combines DNA.

what is Meiosis?

the process which forms Gametes (sex cells)

what is Mitosis?

the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division

what are Mutations?

Cause changes in the structure of an organism. It can occur in the reproductive cells (sperm/egg) These mutations can be passed on from parents to children.

what are Mutagens?

Chemicals and other factors that can cause mutations Ex: X-Ray, UV Light, Chemicals

what is Genetic engineering?

The process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.

what is Biotechnology?

The use of biological systems found in organisms or the use of living organisms themselves to make technological advances and adapt those technologies to various fields.

what are transgenic animals?

Animals are produced by adding human genes to the fertilized eggs of the animal. The offspring can then inherit the ability to produce human proteins if the transgenic animal. An advantage of using mammals is that the proteins can be collected in the mammal's milk and then purified

what is Artificial selection?

Technique in which individual plants or animals with desirable traits are bred together to develop plants or animals with specific traits also called selective breeding.

what is GMO’s- Genetically modified food?

Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering