science

Question 1

what is biological diversity?

Answer 1

living and different

Question 2

what is a narrow niche

Answer 2

a species that has limited environmental adaptations

Question 3

what is a broad niche

Answer 3

organisms that have adapted to a broad way environmental conditions.

Question 4

What is a generalist?

Answer 4

Generalists are often able to adapt to different tasks and roles, making them versatile and well-rounded.

Question 5

What is a Specialist?

Answer 5

Specialists typically have in-depth training and experience in their area of specialization, allowing them to provide expert advice, guidance, and services related to their particular field.

Question 6

what is Asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Only one parent provides genetic material (DNA). Offspring are clones. Offspring can live and reproduce like parents.

Question 7

what is binary fission?

Answer 7

A mother cell divides into two daughter cells. Both cells are genetically identical.

Question 8

what are the factors of Mutations?

Answer 8

Cause changes in the structure of an organism. Can occur in the reproductive cells (sperm/egg).
These mutations can be passed on from parents to child.

Question 9

what are the factors of Mutagens?

Answer 9

Chemicals and other factors that can cause mutations.
Ex: X-Ray, UV Light, Chemicals

Question 10

Nature VS Nurture

Answer 10

Nature:
Inherited (passes down from parents) its in your own chromosomes
Nurture:
Environmental influence
Ex: Athleticism
Ex: Artistic Ability

Question 11

what are Genes?

Answer 11

Job: responsible for various characteristics. Located on the chromosome

Question 12

what is the average human karyotype?

Answer 12

46 total chromosomes 23 pairs
Sex chromosomes
(XX =Female)( XY =Male)

Question 13

what are Chromosomes?

Answer 13

• Packages of dna
• Every human cell contains 46 chromosomes except for sex cells
• Organized into pairs
• A single segment of chromosomes or dna is called: gene

Question 14

what is the Pairing rule?

Answer 14

• Cytosine always pairs with guanine
• Adenine always pairs with thymine

Question 15

DNA has many jobs. What are these jobs?

Answer 15

• Job: make up genetic code
• Found in the nucleus of the cell
• Dna is arranged in packages called chromosomes
• Chromosomes are found in the nucleus
• Contains all instructions which create organisms characteristics

Question 16

what is the Structure of DNA?

Answer 16

• Discovered in 1953
• Shape is called a double helix or a twisted ladder
• The sides of that ladder are made up of sugar and phosphate
• The rungs of the ladder are made up of items called nitrogenous bases
• The four nitrogen bases are:
  Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 17

what is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?

Answer 17

The molecule that acrries all our genetic information. Found in the nucleus of the cell

Question 18

what is Heterozygous?

Answer 18

Having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
Ex: Bb

Question 19

what is Homozygous?

Answer 19

An individual inherits the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents
Ex: bb or BB

Question 20

what is Dominant and Recessive?

Answer 20

One allele from your mother and one allele from your father.
Ex: dominate is brown hair
Ex: recesive is blonde or ginger hair.

Question 21

what are Alleles?

Answer 21

One member of a pair of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome. When mixed, a dominant trait will show up in the offspring.

Question 22

what are the 2 kinds of inheritable traits?

Answer 22

Continuous variation: everybody has it.

Discrete variation: You have it or you don’t.

Question 23

what are Somatic cells?

Answer 23

Body cells

Question 24

what are Gametes?

Answer 24

sex cells

Question 25

what are stem cells?

Answer 25

Undifferentiated (do not have specific jobs, ex: skin, bone, muscle, nerve).

Question 26

what is Bacterial conjugation?

Answer 26

Primitive form of sexual reproduction
One bateria gives a small amount of DNA to the other.Does not produce offspring, it only combines DNA.

Question 27

what is Meiosis?

Answer 27

the process which forms
Gametes (sex cells)

Question 28

what is Mitosis?

Answer 28

the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division

Question 29

what are Mutations?

Answer 29

Cause changes in the structure of an organism. It can occur in the reproductive cells (sperm/egg)
These mutations can be passed on from parents to children.

Question 30

what are Mutagens?

Answer 30

Chemicals and other factors that can cause mutations
Ex: X-Ray, UV Light, Chemicals

Question 31

what is Genetic engineering?

Answer 31

The process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 32

what is Biotechnology?

Answer 32

The use of biological systems found in organisms or the use of living organisms themselves to make technological advances and adapt those technologies to various fields.

Question 33

what are transgenic animals?

Answer 33

Animals are produced by adding human genes to the fertilized eggs of the animal. The offspring can then inherit the ability to produce human proteins if the transgenic animal. An advantage of using mammals is that the proteins can be collected in the mammal’s milk and then purified

Question 34

what is Artificial selection?

Answer 34

Technique in which individual plants or animals with desirable traits are bred together to develop plants or animals with specific traits also called selective breeding.

Question 35

what is GMO’s- Genetically modified food?

Answer 35

Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering