Science 17-18 Flashcards
huh
What are the parts of a wave?
amplitude, crest, equilibrium position, trough, wave height, wavelength
*Be able to label the parts of a wave like on page 404
What is pitch?
The perceived frequency of a sound wave. It is how high or low a tone sounds. All pitches travels at the same speed.
What do the vocal cords to when speaking or singing?
they tighten and the glottis is partially closed.
Which part of the ear helps us determine the direction of a sound’s source?
The outer ear
What is acoustic amplification?
The process of making a sound louder.
Describe a transverse wave vs a longitudinal wave.
transverse: the disruption moves perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.
longitudinal: the disruption moves parallel to the direction of wave travel.
What is the difference between how adults and children hear pitch?
Children can hear higher frequencies than adults, so they can hear higher pitches than adults. Adults also tend to lose the ability to hear higher frequencies as they grow older.
What do the vocal cords do when the voice is quiet/during normal breathing?
they relax and the glottis is open
What are the three bones in the middle ear?
hammer, anvil, stirrup
How does a megaphone amplify sound?
It focuses the sound energy into a specific direction.
Describe the sound waves of a speaker?
Large cones produce deeper frequencies and smaller cones produce higher frequencies.
What is amplitude?
The loudness of a sound.
Which muscle controls the volume of air that passes over the vocal cords?
The diaphragm
Which ear structure converts acoustic energy to kinetic energy by vibrating?
The tympanic membrane or eardrum
What does sound need in order to transmit?
It needs a physical medium to travel through, such as liquids, solids, or air.
what happens to matter after a wave has passed?
The matter remains in its original position
What is timbre?
The unique sound of an instrument. It is a combination of harmonics, overtones, the manner in which the instrument is played, and the materials from which an instrument is made. Generally, instruments do not make noise on their own.
What is echolocation?
The use of reflected sound to determine location. Many animals such as bats and dolphin use echolocation to locate things like prey. p. 431
Which ear structure relays sensory signals to the brain?
The auditory nerve
What is periodic motion?
repeated motion in equal intervals of time.
How are waves measured?
They are measured by the distance between the two crests or the distance between the two troughs. Both distances are the same.
How does air temperature affect the speed of sound?
When air temperature decreases, the speed of sound in air decreases. When air temperature increases, the speed of sound in air increases.
How does the human body produce vocal sounds?
Air from the lungs passes into the larynx, causing the vocal cords to vibrate. Tension vocal cords controls pitch. The diaphragm controls the volume of air that passes the vocal cords and the loudness of the sound. The sound resonates in the throat and sinuses and are formed into individual sounds by the teeth, tongue, lips, and facial muscles.
What are the nine parts of the ear?
auditory canal, tympanic membrane/eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, eustachian tube, cochlea, auditory nerve, semicircular canals
*Be able to label a picture of the ear like on page 427
